Kulimbana ndi ma helikopita Kamow Ka-50 ndi Ka-52 gawo 1

Helikoputala yokhala ndi mpando umodzi Ka-50 ikugwira ntchito ndi malo ophunzitsira zankhondo zankhondo ku Torzhek. Pachimake, Russian Air Force idagwiritsa ntchito ma Ka-50 okha; zotsalazo zinagwiritsidwa ntchito poyeserera.

Ka-52 ndi helikopita yolimbana ndi mapangidwe apadera omwe ali ndi ma coaxial rotor, gulu la anthu awiri okhala pambali pamipando ya ejection, okhala ndi zida zamphamvu kwambiri ndi zida zodzitetezera, komanso mbiri yodabwitsa kwambiri. Mtundu wake woyamba, Ka-50 wokhala ndi mpando umodzi wa helikopita, adapangidwa zaka 40 zapitazo, pa June 17, 1982. Pambuyo pake helikopita itakonzeka kupanga anthu ambiri, Russia idalowa m'mavuto azachuma ndipo ndalama zidatha. Zaka 20 zokha pambuyo pake, mu 2011, anayamba kutumiza ku magulu ankhondo a Ka-52 yosinthidwa kwambiri, yokhala ndi mipando iwiri. Kuyambira pa February 24 chaka chino, ma helikoputala a Ka-52 akhala akuchita nawo zachiwawa zaku Russia motsutsana ndi Ukraine.

Mu theka lachiwiri la zaka za m'ma 60, nkhondo ya Vietnam inali ndi "helicopter boom": chiwerengero cha ma helicopter aku America kumeneko chinawonjezeka kuchoka pa 400 mu 1965 kufika pa 4000 mu 1970. Ku USSR, izi zidawonedwa ndipo maphunziro adaphunzira. Pa March 29, 1967, Mikhail Mil Design Bureau adalandira lamulo loti apange lingaliro la helikopita yankhondo. Lingaliro la helikopita yankhondo yaku Soviet panthawiyo inali yosiyana ndi Kumadzulo: kuwonjezera pa zida, idayeneranso kunyamula gulu lankhondo. Lingaliroli lidabwera chifukwa cha chidwi cha atsogoleri ankhondo aku Soviet pambuyo pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa BMP-1966 yankhondo yolimbana ndi makanda okhala ndi mawonekedwe apadera mu Gulu Lankhondo la Soviet mchaka choyamba. BMP-1 idanyamula asitikali asanu ndi atatu, anali ndi zida zankhondo ndipo anali ndi mfuti ya 1-mm 2A28 low-pressure cannon ndi Malyutka anti-tank guided mivi. Kugwiritsa ntchito kwake kunatsegula njira zatsopano zankhondo zapansi panthaka. Kuchokera apa lingaliro lidawuka kuti lipite patsogolo kwambiri ndipo opanga ma helikopita adalamula "galimoto yolimbana ndi makanda owuluka."

Mu ntchito ya helikopita yankhondo ya Ka-25F ndi Nikolai Kamov, injini, ma gearbox ndi ma rotor ochokera ku helikopita yapamadzi ya Ka-25 adagwiritsidwa ntchito. Anataya mpikisano wa helikopita ya Mi-24 ya Mikhail Mil.

Mikhail Mil yekhayo anapatsidwa ntchito kwa nthawi yoyamba, monga Nikolai Kamov "nthawi zonse" anapanga ma helicopter apanyanja; adagwira ntchito ndi zombo zokha ndipo sanaganizidwe ndi ndege zankhondo. Komabe, Nikolai Kamov atamva za dongosolo la helikoputala yankhondo yankhondo, adaganizanso za ntchito yakeyake.

Kampani ya Kamov idapanga mapangidwe a Ka-25F (mzere wakutsogolo, wanzeru), ndikugogomezera mtengo wake wotsika pogwiritsa ntchito zida zake zaposachedwa kwambiri za helikopita yapamadzi ya Ka-25, yomwe idapangidwa mochuluka pafakitale ya Ulan-Ude kuyambira Epulo 1965. Mapangidwe a Ka-25 anali kuti mphamvu yamagetsi, zida zazikulu ndi zozungulira zinali gawo lodziimira lomwe lingathe kuchotsedwa ku fuselage. Kamow anaganiza zogwiritsa ntchito gawoli mu helikopita yankhondo yatsopano ndikuwonjezera gulu latsopano kwa iyo. M’chipinda cha okwera ndege, woyendetsa ndege ndi wowombera mfuti anakhala mbali ndi mbali; Kenako anagwira asilikali 12. M'malo omenyera nkhondo, m'malo mwa asirikali, helikopita imatha kulandira mivi yolimbana ndi akasinja yoyendetsedwa ndi mivi yakunja. Pansi pa fuselage mu unsembe mafoni anali 23 mamilimita GSh-23 cannon. Pamene akugwira ntchito pa Ka-25F, gulu la Kamov linayesa Ka-25, momwe zida za radar ndi anti-submarine zidachotsedwa ndipo UB-16-57 S-5 57-mm ma rocket launchers ambiri adayikidwa. Skid chassis ya Ka-25F idakonzedwa ndi opanga kuti ikhale yolimba kuposa chassis yamawilo. Pambuyo pake, izi zinkaonedwa kuti ndizolakwika, chifukwa kugwiritsa ntchito zakale ndizomveka kwa ma helikoputala opepuka.

Ka-25F imayenera kukhala helikopita yaying'ono; malinga ndi polojekitiyi, inali ndi kulemera kwa makilogalamu 8000 ndi injini ziwiri za GTD-3F za gasi zomwe zimakhala ndi mphamvu ya 2 x 671 kW (900 hp) yopangidwa ndi Design Bureau ya Valentin Glushenkov ku Omsk; zidakonzedwa kuti ziwonjezeke mpaka 932 kW (1250 hp) mtsogolo. Komabe, pamene polojekitiyi inakhazikitsidwa, zofunikira za asilikali zinakula ndipo sizinali zotheka kuzikwaniritsa mkati mwa miyeso ndi kulemera kwa Ka-25. Mwachitsanzo, asilikali ankafuna zida za zida za woyendetsa ndege ndi oyendetsa ndege, zomwe sizinali momwe zinalili poyamba. GTD-3F injini sakanakhoza kupirira katundu wotere. Panthawiyi, gulu la Mikhail Mil silinangowonjezera mayankho omwe analipo ndipo linapanga helikopita yake ya Mi-24 (project 240) ngati njira yatsopano yothetsera injini ziwiri zamphamvu za TV2-117 ndi mphamvu ya 2 x 1119 kW (1500 hp) .

Chifukwa chake, Ka-25F idataya Mi-24 pampikisano wamapangidwe. Pa May 6, 1968, ndi chisankho chogwirizana cha Komiti Yaikulu ya CPSU ndi Council of Ministers ya USSR, helikopita yatsopano yankhondo inalamulidwa ku Mila Brigade. Popeza "Flying Infantry Fighting Galimoto" inali yofunika kwambiri, chitsanzo cha "19" chinayesedwa pa September 1969, 240, ndipo mu November 1970 chomera ku Arsenyev chinapanga Mi-24 yoyamba. The helikopita mu zosintha zosiyanasiyana anapangidwa mu kuchuluka kwa makope oposa 3700, ndipo mu mawonekedwe a Mi-35M akadali opangidwa ndi zomera Rostov-on-Don.