Nkhondo ya East Prussia mu 1945, gawo 2
Ana ankhondo aku Soviet, mothandizidwa ndi mfuti zodzipangira okha SU-76, adaukira malo aku Germany m'dera la Koenigsberg.
Lamulo la Gulu Lankhondo "Kumpoto" lidayesetsa kumasula kutsekeka kwa Koenigsberg ndikubwezeretsa kulumikizana kwapamtunda ndi magulu onse ankhondo. Kumwera chakumadzulo kwa mzindawu, m'chigawo cha Brandenburg (Russian Ushakovo), adayang'ana 548th People's Grenadier Division ndi Great Germany Panzergrenadier Division,
zomwe zidagwiritsidwa ntchito pa Januware 30 kumenya kumpoto motsatira Vistula Lagoon. Gulu la German 5th Panzer Division ndi 56th Infantry Division linaukira mbali ina. Anatha kukakamiza mbali ina ya asilikali a 11 a Guards Army kuti achoke ndikudutsa mumpanda wamtunda wa kilomita imodzi ndi theka kupita ku Koenigsberg, yomwe inali kuwombedwa ndi zida za Soviet Union.
Pa Januware 31, General Ivan D. Chernyakhovsky adatsimikiza kuti kunali kosatheka kulanda Koenigsberg kuchokera paulendowu: Zinawonekeratu kuti kuwukira kosagwirizana komanso kokonzekera bwino ku Koenigsberg (makamaka pankhani yachitetezo chachitetezo) sikungabweretse chipambano, koma. , m’malo mwake, zikanapatsa nthaŵi Ajeremani kuwongolera chitetezo chawo. Choyamba, kunali koyenera kugwetsa mipanda ya linga (mipanda, ma bunkers, malo otetezedwa) ndikuletsa moto wawo. Ndipo chifukwa cha izi, zida zoyenera zidafunika - zolemetsa, zazikulu ndi zazikulu, akasinja ndi mfuti zodzipangira okha, ndipo, ndithudi, zida zambiri. Kukonzekera mosamalitsa kwa asitikali kuti akamenye sikutheka popanda nthawi yopuma.
Mlungu wotsatira, magulu a 11 Guards Army, "kuletsa kuukira koopsa kwa chipani cha Nazi," analimbitsa malo awo ndikusintha kuukira kwawo kwa tsiku ndi tsiku, kuyesera kuti afike m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Vistula Lagoon. Pa February 6, iwo adawolokanso msewu waukulu, ndikutsekereza Krulevets kuchokera kumwera - komabe, pambuyo pake, asilikali 20-30 adatsalira m'makampani oyendetsa makanda. Asilikali ankhondo a 39th ndi 43rd pankhondo zowopsa adakankhira magulu a adani mkati mwa chilumba cha Sambia, ndikupanga kutsogolo kozungulira.
Pa February 9, mkulu wa 3rd Belorussian Front analamula asilikali kuti apite kumalo otetezera kwambiri ndikukonzekera kumenyana mwachisawawa.
Pakatikati, asilikali a 5 ndi 28 adapita ku Kreuzburg (Russian: Slavskoe) - lamba wa Preussish Eylau (Ilava Pruska, Russian: Bagrationovsk); Kumanzere, Alonda a 2 ndi 31st Army, atakakamiza Lyna, adapita patsogolo ndikugwira mfundo zotsutsa Legden (Russian Good), Bandel ndi mphambano yayikulu ya Landsberg (Gurovo Ilavetske). Kuchokera kum'mwera ndi kumadzulo, magulu ankhondo a Marshal K.K. Rokossovsky adapondereza Ajeremani. Kupatula kumtunda, gulu la adani la Lidzbar-Warmian limatha kuyankhulana ndi Ajeremani okha pa ayezi wa nyanjayi komanso kupitilira Vistula Spit kupita ku Gdansk. Chophimba chamatabwa cha "moyo watsiku ndi tsiku" chinalola kuyenda kwa magalimoto. Anthu ambiri othawa kwawo anakopeka ndi kusefukira kwa madzi m’gawo losatha.
Zombo za ku Germany zidachita ntchito yopulumutsa yomwe sinachitikepo, pogwiritsa ntchito chilichonse chomwe chikanatha kuyandama. Pofika pakati pa mwezi wa February, anthu 1,3 miliyoni mwa anthu 2,5 miliyoni anali atasamutsidwa ku East Prussia. Pa nthawi yomweyi, Kriegsmarine anapereka thandizo la zida kwa asilikali apansi mu njira ya m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndipo anali kuchita nawo kulanda asilikali. Baltic Fleet inalephera kuthyola kapena kusokoneza kwambiri mauthenga a adani.
Mkati mwa milungu inayi, ambiri a madera a East Prussia ndi kumpoto kwa Poland anachotsedwa asilikali a Germany. Panthawi ya nkhondoyi, anthu pafupifupi 52 4,3 anatengedwa ukapolo. akuluakulu ndi asilikali. Asitikali aku Soviet adalanda mfuti ndi matope opitilira 569, akasinja XNUMX ndi mfuti.
Asilikali aku Germany ku East Prussia adachotsedwa ku Wehrmacht ndipo adagawidwa m'magulu atatu otalikirana. Yoyamba, yokhala ndi magawo anayi, idafinyidwa mu Nyanja ya Baltic pa Peninsula ya Sambia; yachiwiri, yopangidwa ndi magawo oposa asanu, komanso mayunitsi ochokera ku linga ndi mayunitsi ambiri osiyana, anazunguliridwa mu Königsberg; chachitatu, wopangidwa pafupifupi magawano makumi awiri a 4 Army ndi 3 Panzer Army, inali mu Lidzbarsko-Warminsky m'dera mpanda, ili kum'mwera ndi kum'mwera chakumadzulo kwa Krulevets, wolanda dera pafupifupi 180 Km m'lifupi kutsogolo ndi 50 Km. .
Kusamutsidwa kwa magulu ankhondo awa pansi pa chivundikiro cha Berlin sikunaloledwe ndi Hitler, yemwe ankanena kuti pamaziko a madera okhala ndi mipanda yoperekedwa kuchokera kunyanja ndi kuteteza mouma khosi ndi kumwazikana magulu a asilikali a Germany, zingatheke kupanga magulu akuluakulu a asilikali a Germany. asilikali. Red Army kwa nthawi yayitali, zomwe zingalepheretse kutumizidwa kwawo ku Berlin. Akuluakulu a Soviet Supreme High Command nawonso ankayembekezera kuti kumasulidwa kwa magulu ankhondo a 1st Baltic ndi 3 Belorussia fronts kwa ntchito zina kunali kotheka kokha chifukwa cha kuthetsedwa kofulumira komanso kotsimikizika kwa maguluwa.
Akuluakulu ambiri a ku Germany sankamvetsa mfundo ya Hitleryi. Kumbali ina, Marshal K.K. Rokossovsky sanawone nsonga m’zofuna za Stalin: “M’lingaliro langa, pamene East Prussia potsirizira pake inalekanitsidwa ndi Kumadzulo, kunali kotheka kuyembekezera kuthetsedwa kwa gulu lankhondo la Germany lozunguliridwa kumeneko, ndi chifukwa cha kutha. kulimbitsa ofooka 2 Belorussia kutsogolo, kufulumizitsa chisankho pa malangizo Berlin. Berlin ikadagwa posachedwa. Zidachitika kuti panthawi yomaliza, magulu ankhondo khumi adalandidwa ndi gulu la East Prussian (...) Kugwiritsa ntchito gulu lankhondo lotere polimbana ndi mdani (...), kutali ndi komwe zidachitika. , muzochitika zomwe zinayambira ku Berlin, zinali zopanda tanthauzo.
Pamapeto pake, Hitler anali wolondola: mwa khumi ndi asanu ndi atatu ankhondo a Soviet omwe akugwira nawo ntchito yothetsa milatho ya m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Germany, atatu okha anatha kutenga nawo mbali mu "nkhondo zazikulu" za m'chaka cha 1945.
Ndi chigamulo cha Likulu la Supreme High Command ya February 6, asilikali a 1st ndi 2 Baltic Fronts, kutsekereza Kurland Army Group, anali pansi pa 2 Baltic Front motsogozedwa ndi Marshal L. A. Govorov. Ntchito yogwira Koenigsberg ndikuchotseratu chilumba cha Sambian cha adani chinaperekedwa ku likulu la 1st Baltic Front, molamulidwa ndi General wa Army Ivan Ch. Bagramyan, yemwe anasamutsidwa kuchokera ku 3 Belorussian Front kupita ku magulu atatu ankhondo: 11th. Alonda, 39th ndi 43th ndi 1st tank Corps. Nayenso Marshal Konstantin Konstantinovich Rokossovsky pa February 9 analandira malangizo pa kusamutsidwa kwa General wa Army Ivan Dmitrievich Chernyakhovsky wa magulu anayi ankhondo: 50, 3, 48 ndi 5 Guards Tank. Pa tsiku lomwelo, General Chernyakhovsky analamulidwa, popanda kupatsa German kapena asilikali ake kupuma, kuti amalize kugonjetsedwa kwa 20 Army General Wilhelm Muller ndi makanda pasanafike February 25-4.
Chifukwa cha nkhondo zamagazi, zosagwirizana komanso zosasunthika, - akukumbukira Lieutenant Leonid Nikolaevich Rabichev - asilikali athu ndi a Germany adataya oposa theka la ogwira ntchito ndipo anayamba kutaya mphamvu zawo chifukwa cha kutopa kwambiri. Chernihovsky analamula kuti patsogolo, akuluakulu - akuluakulu a asilikali, asilikali ndi magawano - analamula, likulu anapenga, ndi regiments, brigades osiyana, battalions ndi makampani trotted pomwepo. Ndiyeno, pofuna kukakamiza asilikali otopa ndi nkhondo kuti apite patsogolo, likulu la malire linayandikira mzere wolumikizana pafupi ndi momwe kungathekere, likulu la magulu ankhondo linapangidwa pafupifupi pamodzi ndi likulu la asilikali, ndi likulu la asilikali. magawano anayandikira regiments. Akuluakulu ankhondo anayesa kukweza magulu ankhondo ndi makampani kuti amenyane, koma palibe chomwe chidachitika, mpaka nthawi idafika pomwe asitikali athu ndi a Germany adagwidwa ndi mphwayi wosalamulirika. Ajeremani anabwerera kwawo pafupifupi makilomita atatu, ndipo tinaima.
