Kabati yopanda mapepala?

Gulu la Leszek Teivan ndi wolemba nkhani pabwalo la ndege la Chopin, kuchokera kumanzere kupita kumanja: Lukasz Rodzewicz Cigan, Joanna Wieczorek, Captain Katarzyna Gojny, Leszek Teivan.

Ponena za kusungitsa zolemba zamapepala mu cockpit - Leszek Teivan, Mtsogoleri wa Njira Zoyendetsa Ndege ku PLL LOT, pamodzi ndi gulu lake, adalankhula za Joanna Vechorek, katswiri wamalamulo oyendetsa ndege yemwe amagwira ntchito ndi Dentons.

Joanna Vechorek: Bambo Leszek, ku PLL LOT mumayang'anira dipatimenti yoyendetsa ndege ndipo muli ndi udindo wa polojekiti yomwe ingafotokozedwe mwachidule m'mawu awiri: cockpit digitization. Kodi mapiritsi anangotsala pang'ono kulowa m'malo mwa pepala la kabati mwachangu kwambiri? Chizindikiro cha nthawi kapena kufunikira?

Ndidzakhala Tejwan: Pakadali pano, zikwatu zokhuthala, zokhuthala zokhala ndi "mapepala ogwirira ntchito" ofunikira othawa, mamapu, mapulani owuluka, ndi zina zambiri. pamodzi ndi yunifolomu ndi wotchi yabwino, iwo anali makhalidwe odziwika bwino a woyendetsa ndege. Makina a IT omwe tsopano ali paliponse asinthanso zolemba zomwe oyendetsa ndege amafunikira. Malingana ndi zosowazi, dongosolo la IT linapangidwa - Electronic Flight Bag (EFB), yomwe ili yofunikira kwa woyendetsa ndege (kumasulira kwa EFB komwe kunalowa mu malamulo ndi thumba loyendetsa magetsi). Pazaka zapitazi za 15, machitidwe a EFB mumasinthidwe osiyanasiyana akhala chida chapadera choyendetsera mpweya. Dongosolo la EFB litha kukhala zida za woyendetsa ndege zomwe zimatengedwa kuchokera kumalo oyendera ndege atanyamuka (Portable EFB, Portable EFB) kapena zitha kukhala gawo lofunikira pazida zapaulendo wandege (Yoyika EFB, EFB Stationary). Pankhani ya EFB yonyamula katundu, piritsi yogulitsira malonda nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito, yokwera mu kabati yokhala ndi chogwirira chomwe chimalola kuti chiyike pamalo abwino mu cab. Palinso makina opangira mphamvu mapiritsi kuchokera pamaneti omwe ali pa bolodi ndi malo olumikizirana omwe amakulolani kulumikiza EFB ku makina apamtunda, mwachitsanzo, kugwiritsa ntchito njira zolumikizirana ndikutsitsa deta ku pulogalamu ya EFB. Zomwe zachitika ndi makina a EFB zikuwonetsa kuti zida zokhala ndi skrini ya mainchesi 10 mpaka 12 zokhala ndi Windows kapena iOS opareshoni ndizoyenera kwambiri pantchitoyi.

Hubert Podgórski, Woyendetsa Woyamba wa Boeing 787 Dreamliner, Kukonzekera

yendani ndi EFB, mwina kunyumba.

JW: Kusintha kwa cockpit uku kunatsogoleredwa ndi Bambo Captain Krzysztof Lenartowicz mu 2012 ndipo anayamba ndi EFB Stationary pa Dreamliner ndipo kenako anafalikira ku zombo zina. Kukhazikitsa dongosololi mofananira pamakampani onse a ndege okhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ndege sikophweka.

LT: Chabwino. Ndege zomwe zimayendetsa bizinesi yawo pamtundu umodzi wokha wa ndege zimakhala ndi nthawi yosavuta. Kuyambira 2012, PLL LOT yakhala ikugwiritsa ntchito ndege zamakono za Boeing 787 Dreamliner, zomwe zakhala zikugwiritsa ntchito "EFB Stationary" kuyambira pachiyambi, i.e. kumangidwa kosatha mu cockpit EFB system, yomwe imalola kugwiritsa ntchito zikalata zapanyanja ndi zolemba zogwirira ntchito mu mawonekedwe apakompyuta. Yambani. Pafupifupi zaka 5 zapitazo, pulojekiti inakhazikitsidwa kuti iwonjezere EFB ku zombo zotsalira: Boeing 737, Dash 8 - Q400 ndi Embraer 170 ndi 190. Mtundu uwu wa dongosolo, mosiyana ndi "EFB Stationary" pa ndege ya Dreamliner, ndi "EFB". Zam'manja", pomwe chonyamulira cha navigation ndi data yogwira ntchito ndi piritsi. Yankho lake linali kugawira piritsi ku chowongolera chilichonse chakutali ("EFB Tablet Pilot Attached"). Njira yothetsera vutoli ndi yopereka mauthenga pakati pa woyendetsa ndege ndi kampaniyo, kupatsa ogwira ntchito zolemba zamakampani ndi zophunzitsira ndipo, koposa zonse, kupereka zolembedwa zonse zoyendera ndi zogwirira ntchito zofunika paulendo wa pandege.

JWA: Mapiritsi ayenera, ndithudi, kukwaniritsa zofunikira za certification za EASA/FAA zogwiritsira ntchito pogona. Munayamba liti EFB Portable certification?

LT: Mu 2018, LOT idayamba ntchito yotsimikizira makina onyamula a EFB m'magulu onse. Chifukwa cha certification ndi ndemanga zingapo za Civil Aviation Authority, EFB Portable system yavomerezedwa kuti igwire ntchito m'magawo otsatirawa:

• • hardware (mapiritsi ndi zonyamula mapiritsi zovomerezeka zokhala ndi magetsi ndi ma modemu a GSM okhazikika m'ma cockpits):
  • pakugwiritsa ntchito njira yoyendetsera ndege yomwe imapereka ma chart onse amayendedwe, njira ndi ma aerodromes owuluka, kuphatikiza zidziwitso zonse zofunika pakuyendetsa ndege. Mu 2019, kukhazikitsidwa ndi kutsimikizira kwa Flightman kunayamba, cholinga chake chinali kupereka lipoti lathunthu la ogwira ntchito mu ndege ndikupereka zolemba zamakono kwa woyendetsa aliyense.

Izi zidafika pachimake mu 2020 ndikuwunika komaliza kochitidwa ndi Civil Aviation Authority, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti LOT ipatsidwe ufulu wogwiritsa ntchito zolemba zamagetsi poyendetsa ndege. Pakadali pano, LOT simanyamula zolemba zogwirira ntchito komanso zoyendera m'ma cockpits, chifukwa chomwe zikalata zopitilira 40 kg zatayika mu cockpit iliyonse. Chisamaliro chapadera chiyenera kuperekedwa ku ndondomeko ya chiphaso cha nthawi yayitali, pamene nthawi yowunikira paki iliyonse inali miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Izi zidachitikanso chifukwa cha maphunziro apadera a ogwira ntchito pakugwiritsa ntchito EFB Portable system. Kuchotsa ma kilogalamu ambiri a pepala pamadekisi a ndege amalola, mwa zina, kupereka ndalama zoyezera pakugwiritsa ntchito mafuta, zomwe zimatanthawuza kuchepa kwa mpweya wa CO2 komanso kupulumutsa kwakukulu kwachuma chifukwa chakuchepetsa kulemera kwa ndege ndi chuma chambiri muzombo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.

JW: Captain, mukuthandizira gulu la Leszek Teivan pakukhazikitsa EFB Portable ku LOT Polish Airlines. Zachidziwikire, chidziwitso chomwe mudapeza mukamaphunzira uinjiniya wamlengalenga ku Faculty of Energy ndi Aerospace Engineering ya Warsaw University of Technology kumakuthandizani kuti muzichita ntchito zanu zatsiku ndi tsiku.

Katarzyna Goyny: Inde, ndikuganiza kuti chimenecho chinali chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakusankha ine kuti ndikhale mu timuyi, ndipo ndine wokondwa kugwiritsa ntchito zomwe ndikudziwa. Pa ndege ya Embraer 170/190 yomwe ndimayenda ngati kapitala, woyendetsa ndege amagwiritsa ntchito dongosolo la "EFB Portable", i.e. piritsi, komwe ali ndi mwayi woyenda ndi data yogwira ntchito. Mawu akuti EFB (Electronic Flight Bag) amatanthauza dongosolo lomwe limakupatsani mwayi wosunga, kusintha, kugawa, kupezeka ndi / kapena kukonza deta. Dongosololi limapangidwira oyendetsa ndege potengera chithandizo chantchito kapena ntchito zomwe zimachitika m'ndege. Aliyense wa oyendetsa ndege ali ndi piritsi lodziwika bwino. Mu cockpit, mapiritsi amayikidwa ndi ogwira ntchito muzitsulo zapadera - kapitawo ali ndi piritsi kumanzere, mkuluyo ali ndi piritsi kumanja. Zidazi zisanawonekere m'malo oyendera ndege, zidayenera kudutsa njira yotsimikizira. Ndondomekoyi inkafunika kukonzekera njira zoyenera, kuyesa ndi kukonzekera zolemba zogwirira ntchito ndi maphunziro. Ndinachita nawonso mayesowa.

JW: Captain, ali kale pa siteji yokonzekera oyendetsa ndege, piritsiyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito pofufuza zomwe zilipo za ulendowu. Chonde dziwitsani owerenga kugwiritsa ntchito makina a EFB mumayendedwe akumbuyo-kubwerera.

KG: Pokonzekera kuthawa mu otchedwa. "Chipinda chachidule", ndiko kuti, chipinda choyendetsa ndege, woyendetsa ndege aliyense amayenera kukonzanso deta pa piritsi muzogwiritsira ntchito zomwe zidzagwiritsidwe ntchito paulendo wapamadzi. Izi ndizotheka mutalumikiza piritsi ku intaneti. Piritsi ikatha kulumikizidwa, mapulogalamuwa amawonetsa mauthenga olondola osintha. Njira yothawirako ikupezeka mu pulogalamu ya Jeppesen FliteDeck Pro yoyikidwa pa piritsi. Pulogalamuyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito powonera data ya pandege, mayendedwe apandege ndipo ndi gwero losunga zolembedwa. Kuphatikiza apo, ili ndi nyengo yamakono komanso yolosera zam'ma eyapoti, i.e. METAR ndi TAF, komanso zigawo zosiyanasiyana zanyengo, kuphatikiza mtambo, chipwirikiti, icing, mphezi ndi mphepo. Pamapu omwe akuwonetsedwa, mutha kuwona nyengo yomwe ikufunsidwa. Chifukwa cha yankho ili, kale panthawi yokonzekera ndege, oyendetsa ndege amatha kuona ngati, mwachitsanzo, njira yowuluka imadutsa m'madera a chipwirikiti kapena madera a mphepo yamphamvu.

Paulendo wa pandege, oyendetsa ndege amagwiritsa ntchito pulogalamu ya Jeppesen FliteDeck Pro poyenda. Machati a Njira, Ma chart Ofikira Okhazikika, ndi Ma chart a SID - Kunyamuka kwa zida zokhazikika, ma chart oyandikira, ndi ma chart a eyapoti, kuphatikiza misewu ya taxi ndi zizindikiritso za malo oimikapo magalimoto (zokwerera ndege ndi ma chart a taxi). Poyerekeza ndi mapu a mapepala, ubwino waukulu wogwiritsa ntchito chida choterocho ndikuti mapu onse ofunikira ali pamalo amodzi - ntchitoyo imalola wogwiritsa ntchito kupanga ma tabo ofulumira, mwachitsanzo. kumapu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito paulendowu. Ubwino wina ndikutha kukulitsa mapu, i.e. kukulitsa malo operekedwa, kumene sikelo imodzi ilipo ya mapu a mapepala. Kuphatikiza apo, pulogalamuyo imatha kulemba pamapu, zomwe zimalola woyendetsa ndege kulemba zolemba zake kapena kuyika chizindikiro chofunikira. Paulendo wa pandege, mutha kutsegulanso mwachangu zolemba za eyapoti yosankhidwa, mwachitsanzo, bwalo la ndege panjira, pomwe pakakhala chikwatu chokhala ndi ma eyapoti angapo pamapepala, izi zingatenge nthawi yayitali.

JW: Choncho, tinganene mwachidule kuti dongosolo la EFB ndi "relay" yofulumira ya zolemba zapanyanja ndi ntchito. Ku LOT Polish Airlines mumachitanso ngati woyendetsa ndege. Monga gawo la ntchitoyi, inu, makamaka, mumakonzekera zolemba za oyendetsa ndege. zokhudzana ndi ndondomeko ndi malamulo omwe akugwiritsidwa ntchito panjirayi komanso pa eyapotiyi?

KG: Inde ndiko kulondola. Asananyamuke, woyendetsa ndege aliyense amadziwa bwino zolembedwa zapaulendozi, zomwe zimapezeka pa piritsi, mu pulogalamu ya Jeppesen FliteDeck Pro pagawo lodzipatulira. Ili ndi yankho losavuta chifukwa chowongolera chakutali chili ndi mwayi wopeza zolemba izi. Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa zolemba zamagetsi kumathandizanso kufalitsa kwake mofulumira ndi kusinthidwa - ntchitoyo ikuwonetsa uthenga wokhudzana ndi kupezeka kwa zosintha zatsopano, pambuyo pake woyendetsa ndegeyo, atatha kugwirizanitsa, amatha kuwerenga buku latsopano la chikalatacho. Njira yothetsera vutoli imathandizira kwambiri kugawa zolembedwa zakuyenda ndi ntchito poyerekeza ndi kutumiza kwake pamapepala ku ndege.