Bell YFM-1 Airacuda

Chitsanzo cha XFM-1 (36-351) chinayendetsedwa ndi woyendetsa ndege wa asilikali Lieutenant W. Benjamin "Ben" S. Kelsey, September 1, 1937. ma nacelles a injini, ma turbocharger m'mbali ndi ma propeller opanda ma hubcaps. Migolo ya mfuti ya M4, yamtundu wa 37 mm, ikuwoneka.

FM-1 Airacuda inali ndege yoyamba yomangidwa ndi Bell Aircraft ndi ndege yoyamba yomenyera nkhondo yomwe idapangidwa kuyambira pachiyambi ndi injini za Allison V-1710. Ngakhale kuti sichinapangidwe mochuluka, chinali chochititsa chidwi kwambiri pa chitukuko cha ma interceptors a ku America mu theka lachiwiri la zaka za m'ma 30 ndipo adayambitsa Bell m'gulu la opanga ndege zazikulu zankhondo. Imakhala ndi zida zingapo zamapangidwe - ma turbocharger, ma propellers, chassis yakutsogolo, mizinga ya 37mm, makina owongolera ozimitsa moto ndi zida zothandizira.

Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 30, mitundu iwiri ya ndege zoponya mabomba zinaonekera ku United States mu cantilever monoplane yokhala ndi zitsulo zonse zachitsulo - Boeing B-9 ndi Martin B-10. Onse awiri anali ndi zida zothawirako, ndipo B-10 yomaliza inalinso ndi zipinda zotchingira, toyatsira moto, ndi poponya bomba. Anali kudumpha bwino kuchokera ku m'badwo wam'mbuyomu wa oponya mabomba aku America - ndege zotchingidwa ndi zinsalu zothamanga kwambiri kapena ma strot-braced monoplanes okhala ndi zida zoterako zokhazikika komanso zotsekera zotseguka. Kuphatikiza pa kukhazikitsa njira zatsopano zopangira mabomba, adathandiziranso kwambiri kupititsa patsogolo omenyera nkhondo aku America. Chifukwa cha liwiro lawo komanso zomangamanga zolimba, zidakhala vuto lalikulu kwa ndege zomwe zidalipo panthawiyo za United States Air Force (USAAC), zomwe zidapangitsa kuti zisagwire ntchito pafupifupi usiku umodzi. Pazochita zolimbitsa thupi, zidapezeka kuti ma biplanes a Curtiss P-6E ndi Boeing P-12E sakanatha kuwapeza pochita, ndipo ngati atawagwira, anali ndi mfuti ziwiri zamakina 7,62 mm kapena mtundu umodzi. 7,62 mm ndi caliber imodzi ya 12,7 mm ikhoza kukhala yofooka kwambiri kuti iwagwetse. Zinthu sizinali bwino ndi Boeing P-26A monoplane, yomwe inali yothamanga kwambiri kuposa P-6E ndi P-12E, koma inalibe zida.

Chithunzi chowoneka bwino chamatabwa cha XFM-1 pamalo a Bell Aircraft ku Buffalo, New York. XFM-1 (matchulidwe a fakitale Model 1) idakhazikitsidwa ndi kapangidwe koyambirira kopangidwa ndi wopanga Robert "Bob" J. Woods m'chilimwe cha 1934.

Zoonadi, m'dziko lenileni, omenyana ndi USAAC sankayenera kulimbana ndi B-9 ndi B-10, koma maonekedwe a mabomba oterowo mumlengalenga wa mayiko omwe United States of America inali chabe nthawi. . Mayiko akhoza tsiku lina kupita kunkhondo. Munthawi imeneyi, mu 1934, akatswiri onse a dipatimenti ya zinthu ya Air Corps ku Wright Field, Ohio, ndi okonza opanga ndege zosiyanasiyana anayamba kupanga omenyana atsopano ndi machitidwe apamwamba ndi zida zamphamvu kwambiri. Chiyembekezo chachikulu cha kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa ntchito chinali chogwirizana ndi injini ya Allison V-12 1710-cylinder in-line liquid-utakhazikika. Mtundu wa V-1710-C1, womwe unapangidwira USAAC, unafika pa 1933 hp mu 750. pa dyno, ndipo cholinga cha okonzawo chinali kukwaniritsa mphamvu yosalekeza ya 1000 hp. kwa zaka zingapo. Komanso, mfuti zazikulu - 25 kapena 37 mm - ankaona kuti zida zothandiza kwambiri polimbana ndi mabomba zitsulo. Ngakhale kuti anali ndi chiwopsezo chochepa cha moto, maulendo angapo anali okwanira kuti athe kugunda chandamale.

Mmodzi mwa okonza mapulani amene anachita zimenezi anali Robert "Bob" J. Woods, ndiyeno ndi Consolidated Aircraft Corporation ku Buffalo, New York. Ntchito yake inali, mwa zina, injini imodzi, monoplane, omenyana ndi mipando iwiri Ya1P-25, R-30 ndi R-30A (PB-2A). Womalizayo anali woyamba kumenya nkhondo yaku America mu cantilever monoplane system yokhala ndi zitsulo zonse zokhala ndi theka, zokhala ndi zida zotsikira, zotchingira zokhala ndi injini ya turbocharged. R-30A inali kusintha kwakukulu pa R-26A, koma chifukwa cha zida zake zofooka, inalinso yosayenera kulimbana ndi mabomba amakono.

M'chilimwe cha 1934, Woods, mwakufuna kwake, adapanga pulani yoyambira yowononga zida zapadera. Anali mapiko akuluakulu apakati-injini, mapiko apakati a 27,43 m, kutalika kwa 17,32 m, malo okwera mamita 120,77 m2, kulemera kwake kwa 5262 kg ndi kulemera kwa 10 kg. Chifukwa chake inali yayikulu komanso yolemera kuposa bomba la B-433! Chinali ndi giya yotera yotsika yokhala ndi gudumu la mchira ndi mchira woyima pawiri. Chomera chamagetsicho chinali ndi injini ziwiri za V-10 zokhala ndi mphamvu ya 1710 × 2 hp, zoyikidwa m'mapiko a injini pamapiko ndikuyendetsa ma propeller amitundu itatu. Kutsogolo kwa gondola kunali poyatsa moto, ndipo chilichonse chinali ndi mizinga yosunthika ya mamilimita 1100. Pofuna kuthana ndi omenyanawo, zida zisanu ndi chimodzi za 37 kapena 7,62-mm zidagwiritsidwa ntchito - ziwiri mu turrets kumbali ya fuselage yopita kutsogolo ndi zinayi m'mawindo kumbali, pamwamba ndi pansi pa gawo lapakati la fuselage. Oyendetsa ndege asanu anali woyendetsa ndege, mkulu wa asilikali (yemwe ankagwiranso ntchito monga woyendetsa ndege ndi woyendetsa panyanja), woyendetsa mfuti pawailesi, ndi owombera ndege awiri.