Mabatire Agalimoto - Kalozera Wosavuta

Mukufuna batire yatsopano koma osadziwa kuti musankhe iti? Simufunikanso kukhala ndi PhD pamutuwu, nayi kufotokoza kwamitundu yayikulu yamabatire amgalimoto ndi malamulo osavuta osankha.

Mabatire m'magalimoto adawonekera kwambiri m'zaka za m'ma 20, pomwe mainjiniya adaganiza kuti choyambira chamagetsi chingakhale bwino kuyambitsa injini yoyaka mkati. Mwa njira, gwero lamphamvu lawonekera lomwe limalola, mwa zina, kupereka kuyatsa kwamagetsi ngakhale injini siyikuyenda. Komabe, ntchito yake yayikulu ikadali kuyambitsa injini, kotero mabatire agalimoto ndizomwe zimatchedwa zida zoyambira zomwe zimalola kuti mafunde akulu azidutsa.

Kwa zaka zambiri, kusankha kwa batire yoyenera kwachepetsedwa ndikusankhidwa kwa magawo oyenerera omwe amafotokozedwa ndi wopanga. Masiku ano, pamene pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mabatire omwe ali ndi zizindikiro zosamvetsetseka pamashelefu, nkhaniyi sikuwoneka yophweka. Koma maonekedwe okha.

Mabatire a lead acid

Uwu ndiye mtundu wakale kwambiri wa batri, wopangidwa mu 1859. Kuyambira pamenepo, mfundo yomanga yake sinasinthe. Amakhala ndi lead anode, lead oxide cathode ndi electrolyte yamadzimadzi, yomwe ndi 37% yankho lamadzi la sulfuric acid. Tikamalankhula za mtovu, timatanthauza chitsulo chosakaniza ndi antimoni, calcium ndi antimoni, calcium, kapena calcium ndi siliva. Ma aloyi awiri otsiriza amalamulira mabatire amakono.

mwayi: Ubwino wa mabatire a "standard" akuphatikizapo mtengo wotsika, kulimba kwambiri komanso kukana kwambiri kutulutsa kwambiri. Kubwezeretsanso batire "yopanda" kumabwezeretsanso magawo oyamba. Komabe, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti kusunga kutulutsa kwathunthu kapena pang'ono kwa nthawi yayitali kumabweretsa acidization, yomwe imachepetsa magawo ndikuchepetsa kwambiri kukhazikika.

zopindika: Kuipa kodziwika kwa mabatire a lead-acid kumaphatikizapo kuopsa kwa okosijeni komanso kufunikira kowunika pafupipafupi kuchuluka kwa electrolyte. Kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yayitali pakusokonekera kumabweretsa kuchepa kwa moyo wa batri.

ntchitoA: Mabatire a lead-acid ndi mtundu wodziwika kwambiri wa mabatire oyambira. M'makampani opanga magalimoto, amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pafupifupi mitundu yonse yamagalimoto, kuphatikiza. m'magalimoto, magalimoto, njinga zamoto ndi mathirakitala.

Mabatire a gel osakaniza

M'mabatire amtunduwu, electrolyte yamadzimadzi imasinthidwa ndi gel osakaniza omwe amapezeka mwa kusakaniza sulfuric acid ndi silika. Madalaivala ambiri amalingalira kuzigwiritsa ntchito m’galimoto yawo, koma ngakhale zili ndi ubwino wambiri, si njira yabwino yothetsera vutoli.

mwayiA: Mabatire a gelisi ali ndi maubwino ambiri kuposa mabatire a asidi amtovu wonyowa. Choyamba, amatha kukhazikitsidwa pamalo aliwonse, amalimbana ndi kupendekeka kwakuya komanso kugwira ntchito kwakanthawi kochepa pamalo opindika, Kachiwiri, ma electrolyte mu mawonekedwe a gel samatulutsa nthunzi, safunikira kuwonjezeredwa, chofunika, chiopsezo kutayikira ndi otsika kwambiri ngakhale zitawonongeka makina. Chachitatu, mabatire a gel osagwirizana ndi kugwedezeka komanso kugwedezeka. Kukana kuvala kwa cyclic ndi pafupifupi 25% kuposa mabatire a acid-acid.

zopindika: Choyipa chachikulu cha mabatire a gel ndi mphamvu zawo zotsika popereka mafunde apamwamba, makamaka pa kutentha kochepa. Chifukwa chake, sagwiritsidwa ntchito m'magalimoto ngati mabatire oyambira.

ntchito: Mabatire a gel monga mayunitsi oyambira amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'makampani opanga magalimoto, koma m'magalimoto awiri okha, pomwe mafunde oyambira amakhala otsika kwambiri, ntchito imachitika m'chilimwe, ndipo malo ogwirira ntchito amatha kupatuka kwambiri kuchokera pakuyima. Ndiwoyeneranso ngati zida zoyima, mwachitsanzo m'ma caravan, ma campers kapena ngati mabatire othandizira m'magalimoto opanda msewu.

Mabatire EFB/AFB/ECM

Mawu achidule a EFB (Battery Yosefukira), AFB (Advanced Flooded Battery) ndi ECM (Enhanced Cycling Mat) amaimira mabatire amoyo wautali. Potengera kapangidwe kake, amagwiritsa ntchito chosungira chachikulu cha electrolyte, mbale za lead-calcium-tin alloy, ndi zolekanitsa za polyethylene ndi polyester microfiber zapawiri.

mwayi: Poyerekeza ndi mabatire ochiritsira asidi, ali ndi moyo kawiri cyclic, i.e. yopangidwira kuwirikiza kawiri injini imayamba ngati mabatire wamba. Amamva bwino m'magalimoto okhala ndi ma pantograph ambiri.

zopindika: Mabatire a moyo wautali sagonjetsedwa ndi kutuluka kwakukulu, zomwe zimachepetsa mphamvu zawo. Mtengo wokwera umakhalanso wopanda pake.

ntchito: Mabatire amoyo wautali amapangidwira magalimoto omwe ali ndi makina oyambira komanso magalimoto okhala ndi zida zambiri zamagetsi. Atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo mwa mabatire a lead-acid.

Mabatire a AGM

Chidule cha AGM (Absorbent Glass Mat) chimatanthawuza batire yokhala ndi zolekanitsa zopangidwa ndi magalasi a microfiber kapena ulusi wa polima womwe umatenga electrolyte.

mwayi: AGM ndi chinthu chomwe chimagwira ntchito bwino katatu, kutengera kuchuluka kwa zoyambira, kuposa batire wamba. Ubwino wina ndi monga kugwedezeka kwakukulu, kugwedezeka kapena kutayikira, kutaya mphamvu zochepa komanso kukana kwamkati.

zopindikaA: The drawback lalikulu ndithu ndi mkulu kugula mitengo. Zina ndi monga kumva kuchulukirachulukira komanso kutentha kwambiri. Pachifukwa chomaliza, amayikidwa mu kanyumba kapena thunthu, osati mu chipinda cha injini.

ntchito: Mabatire a AGM amapangidwira mwapadera magalimoto okhala ndi makina oyambira komanso obwezeretsa mphamvu. Chifukwa cha kukhudzidwa kwawo ndi kutentha kwakukulu kwa ntchito, iwo sali oyenera m'malo mwa mabatire wamba omwe amaikidwa mu chipinda cha injini.

Batire yabwino kapena yopanda kukonza?

Batire yokhazikika imafuna kukonzedwa pafupipafupi. Chifukwa cha evaporation, ndikofunikira kubwezeretsanso mulingo wa electrolyte powonjezera madzi osungunuka m'maselo. Mulingo woyenera walembedwa pamlanduwo. Ubwino wa mapangidwe amtunduwu umaphatikizapo moyo wautali wautumiki, koma pokhapokha poyang'anitsitsa mlingo wa electrolyte.

Kuchulukirachulukira, tikuchita ndi mabatire opanda kukonza, pomwe simuyenera kuda nkhawa ndi kuchuluka kwa electrolyte. Kuchepa kwa madzi kunatheka chifukwa cha mbale zopangidwa ndi aloyi ya lead yokhala ndi calcium kapena lead yokhala ndi calcium ndi siliva. Thupi linapangidwa m’njira yoti madzi ambiri abwerere kumadzi. Pofuna kupewa ngozi ya kuphulika chifukwa cha kuchulukirachulukira, opanga amagwiritsa ntchito valavu yothandizira njira imodzi yotchedwa VLRA (Valve Regulated Lead Acid).

Battery yamtsogolo

Masiku ano, oposa 70% a magalimoto atsopano pamsika ali ndi dongosolo loyambira. Gawo lawo lidzapitirira kuwonjezeka, kotero posachedwapa ndi mabatire omwe ali ndi moyo wautali wautumiki. Kuchulukirachulukira, mainjiniya akugwiritsa ntchito njira zosavuta zobwezeretsa mphamvu, zomwe zipangitsa kuti msika uchuluke wamabatire a AGM. Koma nthawi ya magalimoto osakanizidwa kapena magetsi isanakwane, titha kukumana ndi "kusintha" kakang'ono chifukwa cha kampani yaku Poland.

Wopanga mabatire ZAP Sznajder wochokera ku Piastow ali ndi patent ya batri ya kaboni. Mambale amapangidwa ndi kaboni wagalasi wowoneka ngati siponji ndipo wokutidwa ndi wosanjikiza wopyapyala wa aloyi wamtovu. Ubwino wa njira iyi ndikuchepetsa kulemera kwa batri komanso kutsika mtengo kwamitengo yopangira. Komabe, vuto ndi luso lopanga luso lomwe limalola kuti mabatire otere apangidwe mochuluka.

Kodi kusankha batire yoyenera?

Choyamba ndi kuchuluka kwa malo omwe tili nawo. Batire iyenera kukhala yayikulu mokwanira kuti ikwane pamunsi pake. Kachiwiri, polarity, nthawi zambiri makonzedwe amakhala kotero kuti pogula, tiyenera kudziwa mbali yomwe iyenera kukhala yabwino komanso yolakwika. Apo ayi, sitingathe kufika pazingwe ndipo sitingathe kulumikiza batri ku unit.

Pachitsanzo chilichonse chagalimoto, wopanga adatsimikiza mtundu woyenera wa batri. magawo ake - mphamvu mu ampere-maola [Ah] ndi kuyamba panopa mu amperes [A] - amatanthauzidwa m'njira kuti ndi zokwanira kuyambitsa injini ngakhale mu chisanu kwambiri. Ngati injini ndi magetsi zikuyenda bwino ndikuyamba bwino, palibe chifukwa choganizira kugwiritsa ntchito batri yokulirapo kapena kupitilira apo.

Chachikulu chingathe kuposa?

Kugwiritsa ntchito batri yokhala ndi magawo apamwamba kumapangitsa kuti injiniyo ikhale yosavuta, koma ilinso ndi zovuta zake. Kukwera koyambira komweko kumathandizira woyambitsa kuyambitsa injini mwachangu, koma nthawi zambiri amatanthauza moyo wamfupi wa batri. Kusamuka kwina kumatanthauza kuyambika kochulukirapo, komwe kumakhala kofunikira kwambiri m'nyengo yozizira kwa injini za dizilo. Tikamagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zazikulu, timaganizira zochitika za kudziletsa (zomwe zimafotokozedwa ngati % poyerekezera ndi mphamvu), kotero pamene sitimagwiritsa ntchito galimoto komanso maulendo aatali, jenereta sangakhale ndi nthawi yokwanira kulipira batire. , makamaka ngati mphamvu yowonjezera ili yochepa. Chifukwa chake ngati tili ndi batri yokhala ndi magawo apamwamba kwambiri kuposa momwe tikulimbikitsidwa, ndizomveka kuyang'ana nthawi zonse momwe ilili. Ndibwino kuti batire yamphamvu kwambiri ikhale ndi mphamvu zosaposa 10-15% zomwe zimalimbikitsidwa ndi wopanga. Kumbukirani, komabe, kuti batire yoyengedwa bwino idzakhala yolemera komanso yodula kugula, komanso ikhoza kukhala ndi moyo waufupi (mafunde apamwamba, kutsika kwapansi).