Adaptive cruise control (ACC): chipangizo, mfundo yoyendetsera ntchito ndi malamulo ogwiritsira ntchito pamsewu
Zamkatimu
Kuchulukitsa chitonthozo cha magalimoto kumaphatikizansopo kuchotsa dalaivala pazinthu zopanda pake zomwe ma automation amatha kuchita. Kuphatikizapo kusunga liwiro. Zida zoterezi zakhala zikudziwika kwa nthawi yaitali, zimatchedwa cruise controls.
Kukula kwa machitidwe otere kumachokera ku zosavuta kupita ku zovuta, panthawi yomwe amatha kusintha kuti agwirizane ndi zochitika zakunja, atalandira luso monga masomphenya aukadaulo ndi kusanthula chilengedwe.
Kodi adaptive cruise control ndi chiyani ndipo ndi yosiyana bwanji ndi yanthawi zonse
Dongosolo losavuta kwambiri loyendetsa sitimayo lidawoneka ngati kupititsa patsogolo kwa liwiro la liwiro, lomwe silinalole dalaivala kupitilira malire ake ololedwa kapena oyenera.
Kusintha komveka kwa malire kunali kukhazikitsidwa kwa ntchito yoyendetsera ntchito, pamene n'zotheka osati kuzimitsa mpweya pamene chigawo cha liwiro chakhazikitsidwa, komanso kusunga mtengo wake pa mlingo wosankhidwa. Zinali zida izi zomwe zidadziwika kuti zowongolera zapamadzi zoyambira.
Izo zinawonekera mmbuyo mu 50s mochedwa m'zaka za m'ma 20 pa magalimoto American, odziwika ndi zofuna zawo mkulu chitonthozo dalaivala.
Zidazo zinakhala zotsika mtengo, chifukwa chake zinakhala zotheka kukonzekeretsa machitidwe oyendetsa liwiro ndi ntchito zowonera zopinga kutsogolo kwa galimotoyo.
Kuti muchite izi, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito ma locator omwe amagwira ntchito mosiyanasiyana ma radiation a electromagnetic radiation. Masensa adagawidwa kukhala omwe amagwira ntchito pama frequency apamwamba kwambiri amtundu wa infrared, omwe ma IR lasers (lidars) adagwiritsidwa ntchito, komanso ma radar achikhalidwe otsika.
Ndi chithandizo chawo, makinawa amatha kugwira galimoto yomwe ili kutsogolo, mofanana ndi momwe mizinga ya ndege imachitira, ndikuyang'anira liwiro lake, komanso mtunda wopita komwe mukufuna.
Choncho, kuyendetsa maulendo oyendayenda kunayamba kukhala ndi katundu wogwirizana ndi malo a magalimoto pamsewu, kuyika liwiro malinga ndi deta yomwe yalandilidwa ndi zoikidwiratu zoyamba zomwe zimayikidwa ndi dalaivala.
Njirayi inkatchedwa adaptive or active cruise control (ACC), kutsindika chachiwiri kukhalapo kwa mafunde ake a wailesi kapena IR laser mtengo.
Momwe ntchito
Sensor mtunda wopita kugalimoto yotsogolera imatulutsa zambiri za mtunda wa pakompyuta, yomwe imawerengeranso liwiro lake, magawo ocheperako komanso kuchepetsa kapena kuwonjezereka kwa mtunda.
Detayo imawunikidwa ndikufananizidwa ndi chitsanzo cha zochitika zomwe zasungidwa mu kukumbukira, kuphatikizapo magawo a malire a liwiro lokhazikitsidwa ndi dalaivala.
Kutengera zotsatira za ntchitoyi, malamulo amaperekedwa kwa accelerator pedal drive kapena mwachindunji ku electromechanical throttle.
Galimotoyo imatsata mtunda womwe wapatsidwa powonjezera kapena kuchepetsa liwiro, ngati kuli kofunikira, pogwiritsa ntchito ma brake system kudzera pa zida ndi njira zamakina a ABS ndi ma module okhazikika, mabuleki mwadzidzidzi ndi othandizira ena oyendetsa.
Machitidwe apamwamba kwambiri amatha kukhudza chiwongolero, ngakhale kuti izi sizikugwira ntchito mwachindunji ku kayendetsedwe ka maulendo.
Mtundu wowongolera liwiro uli ndi zoletsa zingapo:
- kutsegula kwa njira yoyendetsera ntchito kuyambira pamtunda wina wapansi, zomwe zikutanthawuza kuyang'ana pamsewu;
- nthawi zina zowunikira zazifupi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, zomwe zimagwira ntchito bwino m'matawuni, mpaka magalimoto odzaza magalimoto ndi kuyimitsa kwakanthawi;
- malire othamanga kwambiri amaikidwa ndi dalaivala kapena kuchepetsedwa ndi mphamvu za galimotoyo chifukwa cha chitetezo;
- pamene chopinga chokhazikika chimalowa m'munda, mwachitsanzo, galimoto yoyimitsidwa yomwe sinayambe yatsatiridwa, dongosololi silidzachitapo kanthu;
- mtunda wautali womwe radar imagwira mtsogoleriyo ndi pafupifupi 120-200 mamita.
Ngati kulephera kuzindikirika pamakina aliwonse agalimoto omwe akukhudzidwa, cruise control imayimitsidwa.
chipangizo
Dongosolo la ACC lili ndi zigawo zake ndi zida zake, komanso zimagwiritsa ntchito zomwe zili kale mgalimoto:
- ma radar kapena ma lidar ozindikira zopinga zosiyanasiyana, pomwe masensa a RF amagwira ntchito bwino m'malo osawoneka bwino, mvula kapena chifunga;
- accelerator pedal activator kapena throttle electronic;
- microcomputer system control module;
- zomveka ndi zowala, bolodi lazidziwitso ndi gulu lowongolera batani;
- kulumikizana ndi machitidwe a ABS ndi ESP;
- ma sensor a brake ndi accelerator pedal.
Maziko a chipangizochi ndi pulogalamu yolamulira yomwe ili ndi zovuta zonse za ACC muzochitika zosiyanasiyana.
Ndi magalimoto ati omwe ali ndi ACC
Panopa, dongosolo ACC akhoza kuikidwa pafupifupi galimoto iliyonse ngati njira, ngakhale nthawi zambiri amapezeka mu gawo umafunika.
Izi ndichifukwa cha kukwera mtengo kwake. Seti yabwino idzawononga ma ruble 100-150.
Kampani iliyonse yamagalimoto ili ndi mayina awoawo otsatsa pamachitidwe omwewo ndi kusintha kwakung'ono kwamaulamuliro.
Ma ACC amatha kutchulidwa mwachikhalidwe monga Adaptive Cruise Control kapena Active Cruise Control, kapena zambiri payekhapayekha, pogwiritsa ntchito mawu akuti Radar, Distance, kapena Preview.
Kwa nthawi yoyamba, dongosololi linagwiritsidwa ntchito pa magalimoto a Mercedes pansi pa dzina la Distronic.
Momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito adaptive cruise control
Nthawi zambiri, maulamuliro onse a ACC amawonetsedwa pa chowongolera chowongolera, chomwe chimayambitsa makinawo, chimasankha liwiro, mtunda, kuyambiranso kuyenda kwapamadzi mutatha kuzimitsa zokha ndikusintha magawo.
Ndi zotheka kugwiritsa ntchito makiyi pa multifunction chiwongolero.
Pafupifupi dongosolo la ntchito:
- kuyika koyambirira kwa magawo oyambira kudzera pamindandanda yamakina azidziwitso zamagalimoto, monga kusintha kuchuluka kwa mathamangitsidwe, njira zowongolera mtunda, magawo othamanga;
- kuthandizira kusintha kwamayendedwe aulendo;
- mutalowa mumayendedwe owongolera, mutha kusintha mtunda womwe mukufuna kapena kuthamanga kwambiri;
- mukatuluka mumachitidwe oyendetsera, mutha kuyambiranso ntchito ya ACC.
Dongosololi litha kutseka zochitika zina zikachitika:
- kukanikiza batani loletsa;
- dalaivala wasankha zida zandale kapena kukanikizira chopondapo;
- imodzi mwa njira zothandizira oyendetsa muzochitika zovuta zagwira ntchito;
- kwakanthawi - ngati dalaivala akukankhira accelerator, ntchito idzayambiranso pambuyo potulutsa pedal;
- liwiro lalikulu kapena kuthamanga kwa injini kwafikira;
- zolakwika zimapezeka mu dongosolo.
Mukamagwiritsa ntchito ACC, pakhoza kukhala zochitika zomwe kuyendetsa sitimayo sikungagwire ntchito bwino. Chofala kwambiri ndi kusachitapo kanthu pa chopinga chokhazikika chomwe chinawonekera mwadzidzidzi mumsewu.
Dongosolo silimalabadira zinthu zotere, ngakhale zikuyenda pa liwiro la 10 km/h. Ndi udindo wa dalaivala kapena ma braking systems, ngati alipo, kuchitapo kanthu mwamsanga pazochitika zoterezi.
ACC ikhoza kulephera ngati galimoto ikulowa mwadzidzidzi m'munda wake wamasomphenya. Magalimoto omwe amachoka kumbali sizidzawonekanso. Zopinga zazing'ono zitha kukhala pamzere, koma osagwera mumtengo wopezera radar.
Mukadutsa, galimotoyo imayamba kuthamanga, koma pang'onopang'ono, pamenepa, muyenera kukanikiza accelerator. Pamapeto pa kupitilira, malamulo adzayambiranso.
Pakuchulukana kwa magalimoto pamsewu, kutsatira mtunda kumangozimitsidwa ngati magalimoto atayima motalika mokwanira.
Nthawi yeniyeni ndi munthu pagalimoto iliyonse, koma mutatha kukanikiza gasi, dongosololi lidzabwerera kuntchito.
Ubwino ndi kuipa
Ubwino waukulu ndi kutsitsa pang'ono kwa dalaivala pakuyenda maulendo ataliatali pamisewu, kuphatikiza usiku, komanso poyendetsa pang'onopang'ono kuchulukana kwa magalimoto.
Koma mpaka pano, machitidwe a ACC siangwiro, kotero pali zolakwika zingapo:
- sensor yamtundu wa radar, makamaka laser imodzi, nthawi zambiri imakhala yodetsedwa ndikulephera isanayeretsedwe;
- dongosolo silimayankha bwino zopinga zowonekera mwadzidzidzi;
- Kuyika kwa dalaivala pa kuyendetsa galimoto kumacheperachepera ndi nthawi yomwe imakhala yodziwikiratu, zomwe zingayambitse kuchitapo kanthu pang'onopang'ono pazochitika mwadzidzidzi;
- pali zochitika zoopsa ngati kusintha kosayembekezereka kwa mtunda woyendetsedwa wa magalimoto kuchokera ku mizere yoyandikana nayo;
- pali zoletsa poyendetsa m'mphepete mwa msewu, kuyambira panjira ina yokhotakhota;
- nthawi zina galimoto imatha kutsika mwadzidzidzi chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa radar, zomwe zimakhala zoopsa ngati madalaivala kumbuyo sasunga mtunda wotetezeka.
Kawirikawiri, dongosololi ndi losavuta, ndipo madalaivala azolowereka, pambuyo pake, atasintha kale kupita ku galimoto ina, amayamba kukumana ndi kusapeza kwake.
Izi zikhoza kuchitika pamene othandizira ena onse oyendetsa galimoto akuyambitsidwa, pambuyo pake kulowererapo kwa madalaivala kudzatsimikiziridwa kwambiri ndi masewera osati zosowa za mayendedwe.
