Mvula Yagolide
Ma reagents omwe amapezeka mosavuta - mchere uliwonse wosungunuka wa lead ndi ayodini wa potaziyamu - amalola kuyesa kosangalatsa. Komabe, panthawi yoyesera, tiyenera kukumbukira kusamala makamaka pogwira ntchito ndi mankhwala otsogolera poizoni. Poyesedwa, sitimadya kapena kumwa, ndipo tikaweruka kuntchito, timasamba m’manja mwathu ndi zida zagalasi za mu labotale. Kuonjezera apo, awa ndi malingaliro okhazikika kwa katswiri wamankhwala woyesera.
Tiyeni tikonze ma reagents otsatirawa: mchere wosungunuka kwambiri wa lead (II) - nitrate (V) Pb (NO3)2 kapena acetate (CH3Chief operational officer)2Pb- ndi potaziyamu iodide KI. Timakonzekera mayankho kuchokera kwa iwo ndi ndende ya 10%. Mchere wotsogola umatsanuliridwa mu botolo, ndiyeno yankho laling'ono la KI limawonjezeredwa. Pambuyo poyambitsa madzi, mpweya wachikasu wa lead (II) iodide PbI umapanga nthawi yomweyo.2 (chithunzi 1):
Pb2+ + 2 ine- → PbI2↓
Pewani mankhwala owonjezera a potassium iodide pamene mpweya umasungunuka kwambiri pa ayodini wa ayodini (complex K2[PbI4]).
Yellow precipitate imasungunuka kwambiri m'madzi otentha. Mukayika botolo mumtsuko wokulirapo wamadzi otentha (kapena kutenthetsa pamoto woyaka), mvula imasowa posakhalitsa komanso yopanda mtundu (chithunzi 2) kapena yankho lachikasu pang'ono. Botolo likayamba kuzizira, makristasi amayamba kuoneka ngati zolembera zagolide (chithunzi 3). Izi ndi zotsatira za pang'onopang'ono crystallization ya lead (II) ayodini, chifukwa cha kusungunuka kwa mchere wochepa mu ozizira. Tikayambitsa zomwe zili mu botolo ndikuwunikira chotengeracho kuchokera kumbali, tidzawona dzina lakuti "mvula yagolide" (yang'anani kufotokozera za zochitika izi pa intaneti pansi pa dzina ili). Zotsatira zoyeserera zimafanananso ndi mphepo yamkuntho yozizira yokhala ndi zachilendo - golide - petals (chithunzi 4 ndi 5).
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