Methane yamadzi kapena mpweya, zomwe zili bwino komanso chifukwa chake

Kuyerekeza kwa gaseous ndi methane yamadzimadzi kukukhala kofunikira kwambiri m'dziko lamagalimoto. malonda ndi mafakitalekumene mitundu yonse ya magetsi ilipo, ngakhale madzi akusungidwa pa magalimoto olemera, omwe nthawi zina, mwachitsanzo ku Iveco Stralis, angapereke chimodzi kapena china, kapena zonse ziwiri. Koma makhalidwe awo ndi otani?

Mwachilengedwe KKE

Methane mu mpweya wa mpweya, wosonyezedwa ndi oyambirira CNG (wothinikizidwa gasi wachilengedwe), wakhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito kwamakampani opanga magalimoto: ha ubwino waukulu monga mtengo wotentha kwambiri, mpweya wochepa poyerekeza ndi mafuta ena e mtengo wotsika, sichifunikanso mayendedwe kuti ifike pamalo okwerera mafuta, imakafika kumeneko kudzera pa mapaipi.

Methane yamadzimadzi kapena LNG

Liquid Methane, chidule Chithunzi cha SPG (gasi wachilengedwe wosungunuka), ndi methane ndondomeko yeniyeni kuledzera zomwe zimachitika zikakanikizidwa pa kutentha kwambiri (-161 °). Kusintha uku kumapangitsa kuti zikhale zambiri zosavuta kunyamula pa mtunda wautali, tangoganizani zimenezo 600 malita Lita imodzi yokha ya LPG imapangidwa kuchokera ku mpweya wa methane, womwe umayimira kuchuluka kwa mphamvu mu malo ang'onoang'ono.

Liquid methane zotheka kunyamula m'malo osafikirika ndi mapaipi, makamaka panyanja, komanso pamtunda, ndiyeno zitha kubwezeredwa ku malo a mpweya (regasification) kwa kugawa mu network network.

Kugwiritsa ntchito magalimoto

Mpweya wa methane wakhala kalonga kalekale mafuta ena: wocheperako poyerekeza ndi gasi wamafuta amafuta (omwe amachokera ku petroleum motero ali ndi phindu lochepa la chilengedwe), koma alandiridwa kwambiri chifukwa chophatikiza mtengo wotsika ndi mpweya wochepa, poyamba pa magalimoto apadera ndipo pang'onopang'ono pa magalimoto opepuka, apakatikati ndi olemera, omwe amapindulanso ndi apamwamba. phokoso injini.

Koma posachedwapa, makamaka sui cholemeraMethane yamadzimadzi imapeza malo ochulukirapo, omwe, chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake okhazikika, amalola kudziyimira pawokha kwa magalimoto kuwirikiza kawiri kuposa gaseous methane, yokhala ndi nsonga zoyambira 1.100 mpaka 1.600 km, kudzipanga kukhala njira yabwino kuposa dizilo yamagalimoto omwe amapangidwira. kwa mtunda wautali.

Zoyera, zoyera, zoyera kwambiri

Poyerekeza ndi mpweya wa injini ya dizilo nayitrogeni dioxide (NO2) methane ndi yotsika kuposa 90% pomwe tinthu tating'onoting'ono tolimba timafanana ndi ziro, zomwe zimathandiziranso i machitidwe otopa ndi kuyeretsa gasi, kumathetsa kufunika zowonjezera ndipo amachepetsa kufunika kosamalira. Za CO2, muzochitika zonse "kuchokera kuchitsime kupita ku chiwongolero", ndiko kuti, kuchokera pakupanga kupita ku chakudya chomaliza, amachepetsa ndi 10-15% ngati methane yochokera ku zotsalira za "fossil" itagwiritsidwa ntchito ndipo imatha kuchepetsedwa ndi 95% pa biomethane.

Zabwino zonse ndi kuipa kwake

Zina mwa ubwino wa gasi m'njira zonsezi: mtengo pampu, yomwe imakhala yofanana kapena yocheperapo: kilogalamu imodzi yamadzimadzi kapena mpweya wa methane imapereka mtunda wofanana ndi lita imodzi yamafuta a dizilo (pafupifupi 4 km pamagalimoto a kalasi ya 12-18 t), koma amawononga pafupifupi popanda VAT 50 cents zochepa... Komabe, pakali pano ndalama zokha pa mafuta, chifukwa zitsanzo za gasi zidakalipobe, monga 50% mpaka 90% kuposa injini ya dizilo ya mphamvu yomweyo.

Network pakupanga

Vuto lalikulu likadali maukonde kugawa, opangidwa kwambiri kuti apange gasi komanso ngakhale komwe si capillary, ku Italy, kumene mafakitale ambiri adakalipobe. zigawo zingapo monga Emilia-Romagna, Tuscany, Veneto, Lombardy.

Zamadzimadzi, zomwe zawonekera posachedwa mumakampani opanga magalimoto, tsopano ndizodziwika kwambiri. osowa pankhani ya kufalikira, ngakhale m'zaka zaposachedwa idakula kwambiri: taganizani, mbewu yoyamba idatsegulidwa 2014 ndipo lero akugwira ntchito 63 ndi ena makumi anai akumangidwa.