Kuwala kobiriwira kwa F-110
Masomphenya a F-110 frigate. Sikuti ndi zaposachedwa, koma kusiyana kwa zombo zenizeni kudzakhala zodzikongoletsera.
Malonjezo opangidwa ndi andale kwa apanyanja aku Poland sakwaniritsidwa kaŵirikaŵiri panthawi yake komanso mokwanira, ngati n’komwe. Panthawiyi, pamene Prime Minister waku Spain Pedro Sanchez adalengeza pakati pa chaka chatha kuti mgwirizano wa mabiliyoni a euro ogula frigates udzatha kumapeto kwa chaka chatha, adasunga mawu ake. Chifukwa chake, pulogalamu yomanga zombo zoperekeza za m'badwo watsopano wa Armada Española yalowa gawo lofunika kwambiri asanapangidwe.
Mgwirizano womwe watchulidwa pamwambapa pakati pa Unduna wa Zachitetezo ku Madrid ndi kampani yopanga zombo zaboma Navantia SA udamalizidwa pa Disembala 12, 2018. Mtengo wake unali ma euro biliyoni 4,326 ndipo ukukhudza kukhazikitsidwa kwa kapangidwe kaukadaulo ndikumanga ma frigate asanu amitundu yambiri a F-110 kuti alowe m'malo mwa zombo zisanu ndi chimodzi za F-80 Santa María. Zotsirizirazi, pokhala mtundu wovomerezeka wa mtundu wa American OH Perry, zidamangidwa pamalo osungiramo zombo zapamadzi ku Bazán (Empresa Nacional Bazán de Construcciones Navales Militares SA) ku Ferrol ndipo adayamba kugwira ntchito mu 1986-1994. Mu 2000, mbewu iyi idaphatikizidwa ndi Astilleros Españoles SA, ndikupanga IZAR, koma patatha zaka zisanu wogawana nawo wamkulu, Sociedad Estatal de Participaciones Industriales (State Industrial Union), adachoka pagulu lankhondo, lotchedwa Navantia, chifukwa chake - ngakhale adatchedwa dzina. kusintha - kupanga zombo ku Ferrol kunasungidwa. Ma frigates a Santa María amapangidwa kuti azigwirizana ndi zombo zaposachedwa kwambiri za US Navy OH Perry zokhala ndi chiboliboli chotalikirapo ndipo zimakhala ndi mtengo wowonjezereka wosakwana mita imodzi. Zida zoyamba zamagetsi ndi zida zapakhomo zidatumizidwanso komweko, kuphatikiza njira yodzitchinjiriza ya 12-barrel 20-mm pafupi ndi Fábrica de Artillería Bazán MeRoKa. Zombo zisanu ndi chimodzizo zinakhala chipatso chachiwiri cha mgwirizano ndi makampani opanga zombo za US, popeza ma frigates asanu a Baleares adamangidwa kale ku Spain, omwe anali makope a mayunitsi a Knox (mu utumiki 1973-2006). Iye analinso womaliza.
Zaka makumi awiri zakumanganso ndikugwiritsa ntchito motsatira malingaliro aukadaulo aku America zidayala maziko odzipangira okha zombo zazikulu zankhondo. Posakhalitsa zinaonekeratu kuti anthu a ku Spain anali kuchita bwino kwambiri. Pulojekiti ya ma frigates anayi a F-100 (Alvaro de Bazan, omwe adagwira ntchito kuyambira 2002 mpaka 2006), pomwe wachisanu adalowa nawo zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi pambuyo pake, adapambana mpikisano waku America ndi European, kukhala maziko a AWD (Air Warfare Destroyer), mu zomwe Royal Australian Navy inalandira atatu owononga ndege. M'mbuyomu, Navantia adapambana mpikisano wa frigate wa Norwegian Sjøforsvaret, ndipo mu 2006-2011 adalimbikitsidwa ndi magawo asanu a Fridtjof Nansen. Malo osungiramo zombo zapamadzi apanganso zombo zapanyanja zaku Venezuela (1400 Avante 2200s ndi ma 2200 Combatants anayi) ndipo posachedwapa ayamba kupanga ma corvettes asanu ku Saudi Arabia kutengera kapangidwe ka Avante XNUMX. Ndi chidziwitso ichi, kampaniyo yatha kuyamba ntchito mbadwo watsopano wa zombo.
Kukonzekera
Zoyesa kukhazikitsa pulogalamu ya F-110 zachitika kuyambira kumapeto kwa zaka khumi zapitazi. Asitikali ankhondo aku Spain, pozindikira kuti kuzungulira komanga m'badwo watsopano wa frigates kumafuna zaka zosachepera 10 kuchokera kutumizidwa mpaka kukamaliza, adayamba kuyesetsa kupereka ndalama pazifukwa izi mu 2009. Anayambitsidwa ndi AJEMA (Almirante General Jefe de Estado Mayor de la Armada, Main Directorate of the General Staff of the Navy). Ngakhale pamenepo, msonkhano woyamba waukadaulo unakonzedwa, pomwe zoyembekeza zoyamba za zombo za operekeza zatsopano zidalengezedwa. Chaka chotsatira, AJEMA inapereka kalata m’mene inatsimikizira kufunika kwa ntchito yofunikira kuyambitsa njira yopezera zida zankhondo. Zinawonetsa kuti ma frigates oyambirira a Santa Maria adzakhala ndi zaka zoposa 2020 ndi 30, zomwe zikusonyeza kufunika koyambitsa pulogalamu yatsopano mu 2012 ndikuwasandutsa zitsulo kuchokera ku 2018. Pofuna kutsimikizira andale, F-110 idasankhidwa m'chikalatacho ngati gawo pakati pa ma frigate akuluakulu a F-100, opangidwa kuti achite nawo mikangano yayikulu, ndi ma 94-mita BAM (Buque de Acción Marítima, mtundu wa Meteoro) amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyang'anira chitetezo cha m'madzi.
Tsoka ilo chifukwa cha F-110 mu 2008, mavuto azachuma adachedwetsa kuyambika kwa pulogalamuyi mpaka 2013. Komabe, mu December 2011, Unduna wa Zachitetezo udatha kumaliza mgwirizano ndi Indra ndi Navantia pamtengo wophiphiritsa wa 2 miliyoni mayuro. chitani kusanthula koyambirira kwa kuthekera kopanga MASTIN Integrated mast (kuchokera ku Mástil Integrado) kwa ma frigates atsopano. Ngakhale panali zovuta zachuma, mu Januwale 2013 AJEMA idapereka ntchito zoyambira zaukadaulo (Objetivo de Estado Mayor), ndikutengera kusanthula kwawo mu Julayi.
Mu 2014, zofunikira zaukadaulo (Requisitos de Estado Mayor) zidapangidwa. Izi zinali zolemba zomaliza zomwe zimafunikira kukonzekera kafukufuku wotheka ndi Directorate General of Armaments and Military Equipment (Dirección general de Armamento y Material). Panthawi imeneyi, sitimayo "yatupa" kuchokera ku matani 4500 mpaka 5500. malingaliro oyamba a mapangidwe a mast ndi kusintha kwaukadaulo ndiukadaulo, kuphatikiza magetsi. M'chaka chomwecho, F-110 Design Bureau inakhazikitsidwa.
Ndalama zenizeni zinalandiridwa mu August 2015. Panthawiyo, Unduna wa Zachitetezo ku Madrid unasaina pangano la ndalama zokwana mayuro 135,314 miliyoni ndi makampani omwe tawatchulawa kuti akwaniritse ntchito zina khumi ndi chimodzi zafukufuku ndi chitukuko, makamaka, kupanga ndi kupanga ma prototypes ndi owonetsa sensa, kuphatikiza: gulu la antenna lokhala ndi ma module otumizira ndi kulandira ma module a X-band surface observation system a kalasi ya AFAR; AESA S-band Air Surveillance Radar Panel; RESM ndi CESM zida zamagetsi zamagetsi; reconnaissance system TsIT-26, yogwira ntchito mu modes 5 ndi S, yokhala ndi mlongoti wa mphete; zokulitsa mphamvu zamagetsi panjira yotumizira deta ya Link 16; komanso gawo loyambirira lachitukuko cha SCOMBA (Sistema de COMbate de los Buques de la Armada) makina olimbana ndi makompyuta, zotonthoza ndi zigawo zake kuti akhazikitse pa CIST (Centro de Integración de Sensores en Tierra) yolumikizira m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Kuti izi zitheke, Navantia Sistemas ndi Indra apanga mgwirizano wa PROTEC F-110 (Programas Tecnológicos F-110). Posakhalitsa, Madrid Technological University (Universidad Politécnica de Madrid) inaitanidwa kuti igwirizane. Kuphatikiza pa Unduna wa Zachitetezo, Unduna wa Zamakampani, Mphamvu ndi Zokopa alendo adagwirizananso ndi ndalama zothandizira ntchitoyi. PROTEC yapereka masinthidwe angapo a masensa okhala ndi mast kwa ndodo zapamadzi. Kuti apangidwenso, mawonekedwe okhala ndi octagonal maziko adasankhidwa.
Ntchito inachitikiranso pa nsanja ya frigate. Limodzi mwa malingaliro oyamba anali kugwiritsa ntchito kapangidwe ka F-100 koyenera, koma sikunatengedwe ndi asitikali. Mu 2010, pa chiwonetsero cha Euronaval ku Paris, Navantia adapereka "frigate yamtsogolo" F2M2 Steel Pike. Lingaliroli linali ndi kulumikizana kwina ndi pulojekiti ya Austal yokhazikitsa magulu atatu a Independence-class, yopangidwa mochuluka ku US Navy pansi pa pulogalamu ya LCS. Komabe, zidapezeka kuti dongosolo la trimaran silili loyenera kwa magwiridwe antchito a PDO, makina othamangitsira ndi okwera kwambiri, ndipo mawonekedwe a trimaran ndi ofunikira muzinthu zina, i.e. lalikulu lonse m'lifupi (30 motsutsana 18,6 m kwa F-100) ndi chifukwa m'dera sitimayo - mu nkhani iyi osakwanira kwa zosowa. Zinapezekanso kuti ndi avant-garde kwambiri komanso zokwera mtengo kwambiri kuti zitheke ndikuzigwiritsa ntchito. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti iyi inali ntchito yoyendetsa sitima zapamadzi, zomwe zimaganiziranso kuthekera kwa mapangidwe amtunduwu kuti akwaniritse zofunikira za F-110 (zotanthauzidwa mozama kwambiri panthawiyo), komanso chidwi cha omwe angalandire kunja kwa dziko.
