Limbani magalimoto amagetsi mkati mwa mphindi 10. ndi moyo wautali wa batri chifukwa cha ... kutentha. Tesla anali nacho kwa zaka ziwiri, tsopano asayansi adachipanga

Amakhulupirira kuti maselo amakono a lithiamu-ion amachita bwino kwambiri kutentha kwa chipinda, chifukwa amapereka kusagwirizana koyenera pakati pa kuthamanga kwachangu ndi kuwonongeka kwa selo. Komabe, zikuwoneka kuti kuziwotcha musanayambe kulipiritsa kumakupatsani mwayi wowonjezera mphamvu yolipirira ndipo sizikhudza kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito batri.

Zamkatimu

• Mechanism kuchokera ku Tesla ndi kafukufuku wasayansi
  • Vuto lalikulu kwambiri ndi ma cell a lithiamu-ion ndi lithiamu yotsekeka. Mu SEI kapena graphite. Ndipo ngakhale lithiamu yochepa = mphamvu yochepa
  • Kutentha kwakukulu kwakanthawi kochepa = kulipira kotetezeka ndi mphamvu zambiri
  • Zotsatira? M'manja mwanu: kulipiritsa 200-500 kW ndi zaka 20-50 za moyo wa batri

Tesla adawonjezera njira yotenthetsera batire pamagalimoto ake mu 2017. pa kutentha kochepa. Zinkaganiziridwa kuti izi zidzawonjezera maulendo a ndege m'nyengo yozizira ndikufulumizitsa kulipiritsa nthawi yozizira. Komabe, kutentha ndi kuziziritsa pakokha sikunali kupezedwa kwapadera, opanga ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito maselo oziziritsa / otentha kapena mapaketi athunthu a batri.

> Kodi mabatire a magalimoto amagetsi amazizidwa bwanji? [Mndandanda wa ZITSANZO]

Kiyi idapezeka Kutenthetsa m'njira yoti kufulumizitsa kulipiritsa popanda kuwononga ma cell.... Zikuwoneka kuti pambuyo posintha zinadziwika bwino momwe kutentha kumayenera kukhalira kuti muchepetse nthawi yopuma pa charger. Batire yotenthetsera isanayambe kulumikizidwa ndi Supercharger (kutentha kusanachitike mu 2019: kutenthetsa batire panjira) idaphatikizidwa kwamuyaya mu pulogalamuyi kuyambira pomwe Supercharger v3 idayamba mu Marichi 2019:

> Tesla Supercharger V3: Kutalika kwa mphindi 270 pafupifupi 10 km, 250 kW kucharging mphamvu, zingwe zoziziritsa kumadzi [zosintha]

Asayansi ku Center for Electrochemical Motors ku Penn State University angotsimikizira kuti Tesla anali wolondola. Ndipo izo zikutanthauza magalimoto amagetsi amaperekedwa kwa mphindi 10 z ndi mphamvu ya ma kilowatts mazana angapo i musadandaule za kuwonongeka kwa batri kwa zaka zambiri, mpaka kutentha kumene maselo amatenthedwa kumasankhidwa ndendende.

Koma tiyeni tiyambe kuyambira pachiyambi:

Vuto lalikulu kwambiri ndi ma cell a lithiamu-ion ndi lithiamu yotsekeka. Mu SEI kapena graphite. Ndipo ngakhale lithiamu yochepa = mphamvu yochepa

Nthawi zambiri zimavomerezedwa kuti kutentha kwabwino kwa maselo a lithiamu-ion ndi kutentha kwa chipinda... Chifukwa chake, njira zoziziritsa zogwira za batri zimatsimikizira kuti maselo samatenthedwa kwambiri (pambuyo pake, sikutheka kusunga madigiri 20 Celsius).

Kutentha kwa chipinda kumakupatsani mwayi woletsa kukula kwa gawo losanjikiza - gawo lolimba la electrolyte, lomwe limadziunjikira pa electrode ndikumanga ayoni a lithiamu; SEI - ndi kumangidwa kwa ayoni a lithiamu mu electrode ya graphite. Kuwonjezeka kwa kutentha kumatanthauza kuti njira zonsezi zimafulumizitsa. Mutha kuwona izi pambuyo pa mayeso oyamba.

> Tesla amatsutsana ku Germany. Kwa "Autopilot", "Fully Autonomous Driving"

Asayansi ku Center for Electrochemical Motors atsimikizira izi Ma cell a lithiamu-ion omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamagalimoto amagetsi amangogwira pafupifupi 50 pa 6 ° C. (ie 6 nthawi zambiri kuposa mphamvu ya selo, mwachitsanzo, selo ya 0,2 kWh imayendetsedwa ndi gwero la 1,2 kW, etc.).

Kufananiza, maulalo omwewo:

• anafika mosavuta 2 mtengo pa 500C (kwa galimoto yokhala ndi batire ya 40 kWh ndi 40 kW, yagalimoto yokhala ndi batire ya 80 kWh ndi 80 kW, etc.),
• zidatha kale mitengo 200 yokha pa 4C.

Panthawi imodzimodziyo, ndi "kutsutsa" timatanthawuza kutaya kwa 20 peresenti ya mphamvu yapachiyambi, chifukwa ndi momwe mawuwa amamvekera mu malonda a magalimoto.

Ofufuza pa maselo a lithiamu-ion ayesa kwa zaka zambiri kuti athetse vutoli posintha kapangidwe ka electrolyte kapena kupaka maelekitirodi ndi zipangizo zosiyanasiyana kuti ateteze kugwidwa kwa ayoni a lithiamu. Chifukwa ndi ma ion a lithiamu omwe amasuntha mu batri omwe ali ndi udindo pa mphamvu yake.

> Renault-Nissan amaika ndalama ku Enevate: "Kulipiritsa batire mu mphindi 5"

Mosayembekezeka, zidapezeka kuti vutoli litha kuthetsedwa mosavuta. Ndikokwanira kutentha selo kuti muchepetse kwambiri vuto lakutchera ma lithiamu ayoni. Tsoka ilo, kutentha kwakukulu kunapangitsa kuchepa kwa mphamvu ya selo: pamene encapsulation ya lithiamu mu electrode inali yochepa, vuto la kukula kwa passivation wosanjikiza (SEI) silinathe.

Osati ndi ndodo, koma ndi ndodo.

Kutentha kwapamwamba kwa kanthawi kochepa = kulipiritsa kotetezeka ndi mphamvu zambiri

Komabe, asayansi ochokera ku malo ofufuza omwe adanenedwawo adakwanitsa kupeza malo apakati. Iwo anamuyitana iye Njira yosinthira kutentha kwa asymmetric... Amatenthetsa chinthucho kwa masekondi 30 kufika pa 48 digiri Celsius, ndiyeno amachilipiritsa kwa mphindi 10 kuti dongosolo ligwire ntchito ndipo kutentha kutsika.

Chifukwa chiyani zimangotenga mphindi 10 kuti mupereke ndalama? Chabwino, pa 6 C, ino ndi nthawi yokwanira kuti mutengere batire ku 80 peresenti ya mphamvu yake. 6 C amatanthauza magetsi:

• 240 kW pa Nissan Leaf II
• 400 kW pa Hyundai Kona Electric 64 kWh,
• 480 kW ya Tesla Model 3.

Ikayimbidwa kuchokera pa 0 mpaka 80 peresenti, mphamvu yayikuluyi imafuna mphindi 10 zakutsitsa kwa charger. Komabe, ngati kuchuluka kwa batire kumatsika (10 peresenti, 15 peresenti, ...), njira yowonjezera mphamvu imatenga ngakhale mphindi zosakwana 10!

Kuzizira kwa batire kumangoyenera kuwonetsetsa kuti kutentha kwa batire sikukwera kuposa madigiri a 50 (ofufuzawo akuti 53 digiri Celsius) kuti achepetse kuchuluka komwe gawo la passivation limapangidwira. Pa nthawi yomweyi, nthawi yochepetsera yochepa imapangitsa kuti athe kuchepetsa nthawi ya kukula.

Zotsatira? M'manja mwanu: kulipiritsa 200-500 kW ndi zaka 20-50 za moyo wa batri

Asayansi adatha kutsimikizira kuti maselo a NMC622 omwe amachitidwa motere amatha kupirira 1 mlandu ndi mphamvu ya 700 C ndi kutaya kwa 6 peresenti ya mphamvu. Malipiro a 20 sizowoneka bwino, koma ngati tiyendetsa 1 km pachaka ndipo batire ili ndi mphamvu ya 700 kWh, izi Zotsatira zake zimasinthidwa kukhala zaka 23 zogwira ntchito.

Timawonjezera kuti mabatire ndi magalimoto oyendetsa magetsi akukula, ndipo Poles nthawi zambiri amayenda makilomita osachepera 20 80 pachaka, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti mphamvu ya batri iyenera kutsika ku 30 peresenti pafupifupi zaka 50 mpaka XNUMX.

> Pano! Galimoto yoyamba yamagetsi yokhala ndi mtunda weniweni wa 600 km ndi Tesla Model S Long Range.

Warto poczytać: kusintha kwa kutentha kwa asymmetric pakuthamangitsa kwambiri mabatire a lithiamu-ion

Chithunzi chotsegulira: electroplating (kutchingira kwa lithiamu) kwa elekitirodi kutengera kutentha kwa cell (c) Center yamagetsi amagetsi

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