Zapałchitektura - kapena mapangidwe otseguka kuchokera ku machesi
Zamkatimu
Kujambula machesi kuli ndi mbiri yayitali ngati machesi okha. Zimatengera zinthu zotsika mtengo komanso zopezeka mosavuta kuti mupange zojambula zanu zosiyanasiyana. Nthawi ino tiwona mitundu yawo ndikuyesa dzanja lathu popanga zomangamanga zazing'ono, zamaluwa ndi zomangira.
Izi sizinthu zoyamba zokhudzana ndi machesi mu "Workshop" - anthu achidwi amatumizidwa ku nkhani zam'mbuyomu: "Bokosi lazinthu zazing'ono", "Match milatho" ndi "mphatso za Gnomish". Nthawi zina zinali kuchokera m'mabokosi oterowo omwe machesi osagwiritsidwa ntchito (osayatsa) adatsalira. Zabwino! Tsopano idzakhala nthawi yawo.
Zakale, (osati) zofananira zabwino ...
Nthawi zambiri amaganiziridwa kuti machesi anapangidwa ku China - mu 508, kukhala zenizeni! Kumeneko iwo ankatchedwa "moto wa inchi ndodo" ndipo inkapangidwa ndi pine lath ndi pommel wa sulufule.
Adapanga machesi oyamba aku Europe ku Paris mu 1805. John Chancel. Kuti muwawutse, mumafunika botolo la concentrate. hydrochloric acid! Machesi omwe muyenera kupaka ndodo ndi ntchito ya katswiri wazamankhwala wachingerezi. John Walker, kuyambira 1826
M'zaka zapitazi adawoneka ngati mitu yamasewera. phosphorous yoyera (zowopsa kutulutsa monga momwe zilili kugwiritsa ntchito) - monga omwe amadziwika kuti Lusifara amagwirizana kapena kuwala kwa Prometheus, inayamba kupanga ku London mu 1833.
Samuel Jones. Mu 1845, chopangira chowotcha chotetezeka chinapezeka. phosphorous wofiira, ndipo machesi amtundu watsopano adalandira dzina (1) (nthawi zina amawonekerabe pamabokosi) - ngakhale nthawi zina amatchedwanso Swedish, kuchokera kudziko. Johan Edward Lundströmamene anayamba kuwapanga mu 1855. Ku United States, pafupifupi nthawi imodzi, kupanga machesi potengera phosphorous sulfide, yonyezimira pamtundu uliwonse wolimba, ngakhale pamtunda wa boot - monga mafilimu akale a zigawenga.
1. Mosiyana ndi mafotokozedwe a Chingerezi omwe amawoneka m'bokosilo, awa ndi machesi ochokera ku Czestochowa (ie mtundu wa Swedish), ngakhale kuti adapangidwa kuti atumize ku England - mpaka 80s adasungidwa m'mabokosi amatabwa oterowo.
Masiku ano, mitu yamasewera imakutidwa ndi unyinji wopangidwa makamaka ndi potaziyamu chlorate, antimony sulfide, sulfure, utoto ndi galasi lozizira (kuwonjezera kukangana). Zolemba pamabokosi zimakhala makamaka kuchokera ku phosphorous wofiira ndi galasi lozizira.
Mawu akuti phylumenism, ponena za kusankha zilembo zofananira, amachokera ku mawu awiri: Greek (chikondi) ndi Latin (kuwala).
Kuphatikiza pa machesi wamba, machesi apadera amapangidwanso ku Poland: zotsatsira (mumitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi mabokosi), mabingu (wopanda mphepo), utsi (wosesera chimney), poyatsira moto (mpaka 250 mm kutalika), machesi oyatsa, ngakhale zimagwirizana ndi "American - kuthamangitsidwa ku nsapato."
Fakitale yakale kwambiri ku Poland yamakono idakhazikitsidwa mu 1845 ku Sianov. Nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse itatha, inasinthidwa kukhala Masewera a Makampani ku Sianowskie. Kuyambira 1995 wakhala akuchita Polmatch - Fananizani chomera ku Syanov.
2. Pafupifupi dziko lonse lapansi likhoza kupangidwa kuchokera ku machesi! Dziko lalikululi ndi ntchito ya wojambula waku New York Andy Yoder.
3. Machesi amitundu yambiri amathanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito posema ziwerengero, monga momwe David Mach amachitira ...
4. …komanso Marin Abell…
Masiku ano, mwatsoka, iyi ndi mbiri chabe - monga, makamaka, Bystrzhitsky chomera cha machesi makampani, yopangidwa mu 1897, kapena Czestochowa match fakitale, yopangidwa mu 1881 (kuyambira 2010, sichinayambe kupanga machesi pamagulu a mafakitale - kwenikweni, ndi Museum of Match Production yokhayo yomwe ili ndi machesi otsatsira).
Pakadali pano, mafakitale amasewera akugwira ntchito ku Poland, kuphatikiza Fakitale yofananira "Chechowice", yomwe idakhazikitsidwa mu 1919 (kupanga kuyambira 1921), ndi Zotsatira Euromatch Sp. Bambo o. za, idakhazikitsidwa mu 1995 chifukwa chokonzanso gawo la malo omwe tatchulawa kale nyumba ya boma ku Bystrica ndi likulu. Italmatch. Palinso mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono ku Koszalin ndi Voloszyn, omwe amapanga machesi apadera - zotsatsira, poyatsira moto ndi machesi amkuntho.
5. Zithunzi / ziboliboli zosazolowereka zochokera kumasewera amodzi zimapangidwanso ndi munthu waku Indonesia yemwe amabisala m'malo ochezera a pa Intaneti pansi pa dzina lachinyengo la Korekgraphy. Zina mwa zomwe akatswiri a ku Poland akwanitsa kuchita, ntchito zochititsa chidwi za Anatoliy Karon, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimatayidwa, ndizofunikira kwambiri.
Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti ku Bystrica Klodska kuli Museum of Philumenists, yomwe ili ndi zilembo zofananira ndi ziwonetsero zokhudzana ndi kusungirako moto, machesi ndi zoyatsira.
Kuyerekezera kofananira
Nthawi zambiri, machesi ambiri ku Poland amapangidwa kuchokera Asipen ndi miyeso ya 2,2 × 2,2 × 43 mm. Kawirikawiri amadzaza mabokosi a zidutswa 38 (isanafike 1984, mabokosi amatabwa adapangidwanso ku Częstochowa). Bokosi lofananira lokhala ndi katoni lili ndi miyeso ya 53 × 35 × 16 mm.
Ku Poland, mutha kugula machesi amtundu uliwonse wamutu, nthawi zambiri komanso ndi ndodo zamitundu kapena machesi (opanda mitu) - monga maphunziro (nthawi zambiri amitundu) kapena zitsanzo (komanso kutalika ndi magawo osiyanasiyana).
Kuchokera pamasewera osawoneka bwino, mutha kupanga ntchito zosiyanasiyana - kuchokera kusukulu zosavuta kwambiri, kudzera pamitundu yamitundu yosiyanasiyana komanso yovuta, mpaka ntchito zenizeni zaluso (2-8)!
6. Hogwarts kuchokera ku Harry Potter chilengedwe chinamangidwa ndi Pat Acton kwa anthu 602. zimagwirizana mu njira ya "tsamba loyera". Zinsanja za Magic Castle ndizoposa 2 metres kutalika. Pamodzi ndi ntchito zochititsa chidwi, zitha kuwoneka ku Museum yapadera ya Matchstick Marvels ku Gladbrook, Iowa, USA.
7. Zaka makumi angapo zapitazo, zitsanzo zokhala ndi machesi opsereza mwina zinali zotchuka kwambiri. Nsanja ya machesi 1200 iyi yaperekedwa patsamba lake ndi Przemysław Nagy (apa: www.stylowi.pl).
8. Zitsanzo za machesi athunthu, zosonkhanitsidwa popanda guluu, zimayimira gawo losiyana la ntchito yofananira - sindigwiritsa ntchito liwu loti "kusema" mwadala, chifukwa ndi zauzimu kuyang'ana zomwe omwe adazipanga amachita nawo. titamaliza msonkhano...
Pakati pa masitayilo omanga, njira zingapo zimatha kusiyanitsa. Kotero ife tiri ndi zitsanzo:
- zomatira kuchokera ku machesi opsereza (kalembedwe kodziwika kwambiri m'mbuyomu, tsopano ndi njira ina);
- kuchokera ku machesi okhala ndi mitu - yomatira kapena yosonkhanitsidwa bwino, yotengedwa ngati ma puzzles, nthawi zina amawotchedwa mochititsa chidwi kumapeto kwawonetsero;
- zomatira kuchokera ku machesi odulidwa kapena machesi opangidwa mwapadera.
M'gulu lomalizali, njira ina yosangalatsa kwambiri ndi mapangidwe angapo omwe amadziwika kuti adapangidwa muzaka za m'ma 90 ndi waku Canada waku Quebec, Roland Quinton. Lingaliro linali lopanga kuwala, pafupifupi zitsanzo za lacy - makamaka zomangamanga, ngakhale kuperekedwa kwa zida zodzipangira nokha kumaphatikizapo ndege, magalimoto ndi zombo (9).
9. Roland Quinton waku Canada wakhala akulimbikitsa lingaliro losiyana pang'ono kuyambira 90s. Zitsanzo zake zili ngati zingwe pakati pa zida - zopepuka komanso zopepuka.
10. Zida zamakina zimakhala ndi zonse zomwe muyenera kupanga.
11. Kwa owonetsera ang'onoang'ono, posachedwapa pali zida zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito ndodo zonse.
Nthawi zambiri bokosilo limakhala ndi zolemba zonse ndi zida zonse zofunika ndi zida (10) - kuphatikiza machesi (aatali kuposa athu: 53 mm). Posachedwapa, Quinton wapanganso zida zachitsanzo makamaka kwa opanga ma modelling ang'onoang'ono, ophatikizira omwe amangogwiritsidwa ntchito zonse, osadulidwa (11).
zida zophunzitsira
Mitundu yodabwitsa ya ndodo za machesi imapanga chidwi kwambiri. Komabe, ziyenera kudziwidwa kuti zimafuna kuleza mtima kwakukulu, kotero iwo akhoza kukhalanso masewera olimbitsa thupi komanso mawonekedwe opumula - ngati tiyandikira ntchitoyi m'njira yoyenera. Choncho, tiyeni tiyambe ndi chitsanzo chophweka ndikukonzekera zida zonse zofunika ndi zipangizo pasadakhale.
Kuti mupange zitsanzo zomwe zafotokozedwa m'nkhaniyi, mufunika (12):
- lumo mu chotengera - monga chosankha, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito lumo lokhazikika lokhala ndi zokutira kuchokera ku chitini cha aluminiyamu; Komabe, sindimalimbikitsa odula mapepala ndi mapulasi ena kapena odula waya chifukwa malekezero odulidwa sangathe kuphwanyidwa. Kwa mapulojekiti akuluakulu, ndikofunikira kuganizira kugula kapena kupanga zosavuta guillotines kapena mpira wamakina ndodo;
- kudula timitengo - kutengera mphasa yodzichiritsa yokha kapena chidutswa cha kapeti kapena plywood;
- ma tweezers - zitsulo kapena pulasitiki, ndi nsonga zopapatiza;
- zikhomo ndi/kapena mizere kwa kukonza ndodo zomata;
- zomatira tepi - kukonza zinthu zomwe zasonkhanitsidwa (kapena mbali ziwiri), komanso zowonekera - kukonza mapulani atsatanetsatane;
- kupanga madongosolo apamwambamomwe mungathe kumamatira zikhomo - muzosavuta kwambiri, izi zikhoza kukhala makatoni amtundu wachisanu kuchokera ku mabokosi ochotsera;
- kudya kuyanika nkhuni guluu (monga zamatsenga) ndi/kapena zapakati/zokhuthala guluu cyanoacrylate (kuphatikiza accelerator);
- zofananira zapakhomo - osati kumamatira ku chitsanzo, chifukwa. mu projekiti yathu, zinthu zazitali kwambiri zamunthu ndizo kutalika kwa machesi opanda mutu;
- dongosolo lalikulu pa mulingo wa 1:1.
12. Zida ndi zida zothandiza pulojekiti yathu (kulongosola mwatsatanetsatane kungapezeke m'malemba).
13. Muyenera kuyamba ndi zitsanzo zosavuta - mabenchi ndi tebulo lamunda ndizoyenera kwambiri pa izi.
14. Kenaka, ndikupangira kusankha magawo osavuta a openwork. Pamsonkhano wawo, matabwa owonjezera (mwachitsanzo, kuchokera ku plywood) omwe amamangiriridwa (glued) ku ndondomekoyi, pakati pa omwe amatha kuyikidwapo, adzakhala othandiza kwambiri.
Zomangamanga zamaluwa ndi chidwi chamatekinoloje achichepere pamlingo wa L
Kuti ndisawopsyeze oyambitsa oyambira pachiyambi, ndikupangira kuti ndiyambe ndi zomangamanga zazing'ono, kwa ife, zomangamanga zamaluwa (13) - komanso mulingo wazithunzi zodziwika bwino (pafupifupi 1:48). Pankhaniyi, kudzoza ndi nyumba zenizeni zamatabwa zamatabwa, zomwe mungapeze zojambula zina zosangalatsa.
Zolinga zathu, ndinapanga pergola yokhala ndi mabenchi awiri ndi tebulo, yomwe ndi malo abwino kwambiri oyambira.
Dongosolo lalikulu lamitundu yomwe yafotokozedwa m'nkhaniyi ikhoza kutsitsidwa ngati fayilo ya PDF kuchokera patsamba la mwezi uliwonse (mt.com.pl) kapena wolemba (www.MODELmaniak. pl). Pambuyo kusindikiza, phatikizani (mwachitsanzo, ndi tepi yodzimatira yowonekera) pamwamba pa tebulo ndikuyiteteza ndi tepi - yonse kapena pamgwirizano wa zinthu. Pazinthu zing'onozing'ono, monga tebulo ndi miyendo ya benchi, zingakhale zosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito tepi ya mbali ziwiri osati kugwiritsa ntchito zikhomo poyika zinthu.
15. Kutsegula kwa diagonal, kumangirizidwa kuzinthu zokonzedweratu zapansi - komanso pakati pa njanji zothandizira, ndithudi ndi chinthu chovuta kwambiri mu polojekitiyi. Zinthu zawo zazifupi ndizofunika kwambiri. Njira ina ingakhale kuwonjezera gawo lachiwiri, ngakhale mwachiwonekere lingakhale losiyana ndi loyambirira ...
16. Zopangira zopangiratu zotsukidwa ndi "guluu pansi" ndikukonzekera msonkhano womaliza.
Dulani timitengo mpaka kukula ndikugwirizanitsa ndi gluing pa ndondomeko. Mukayika gluing, ndi bwino kumangirira zinthuzo ndikukankhira pang'ono - chifukwa cha izi, ndikwabwino pakati pazingwe zopangidwa ndi pine kapena plywood ("citrus").
Malingana ndi zomwe mumakonda, mungagwiritse ntchito guluu POW (Wikol, Magic, etc.) kapena cyanoacryl (Super Glue, Joker, etc.). Aliyense wa iwo ali ubwino ndi kuipa. POW ndiyoyenera kupanga mafelemu opangiratu. Kumbali ina, CA, ngakhale ikufulumira, idzasintha nkhuni pakapita nthawi.
17. Zida zazing'ono patebulo ndi mabenchi - Wothandizira wa MODEL Maniac akuwoneka kuti ndi wokondwa ... 😉
18 Chitsanzo chomalizidwa chikhoza kuwoneka bwino m'munda waung'ono, koma ... ndi nyengo yachisanu. Tidzabwereranso ku mutu wa munda kakang'ono mu "Mu Workshop".
Pambuyo gluing munthu prefabricated zinthu, zichotseni pa bolodi okwera ndipo ngati n'koyenera, chotsani zomatira. Zitsanzo zofananira nthawi zambiri sizikhala ndi ndege imodzi yabwino. Panthawiyi, tsatanetsatane wa chitsanzocho akhoza kuikidwa ndi capon, guluu wosakanizidwa nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mafelemu amamatiridwa pamodzi mu geometry yokhazikika (otetezeka ndi guluu wocheperapo).
Zambiri zatsatanetsatane zitha kupezeka pazithunzi zomwe zaphatikizidwa ndi mafotokozedwe ake (14-18).
Ndipo ndikukufunirani chipambano ndi kukhutitsidwa ndi luso lovuta la machesi, ndimakulimbikitsani kuti mugawane nkhani zanu pamasamba athu ochezera - akonzi ndi olemba.
Ndikoyeneranso kuwona
• http://bit.ly/2EWwjNm
• http://bit.ly/2EY1g3I - lipoti lochokera ku Museum of Matchmaking ku Częstochowa.
• http://bit.ly/2LDShoM - AT-AT makina ("Star Wars")
• http://bit.ly/2QbrBfU - Malo a machesi
• http://bit.ly/2RmziUR - kuphatikizapo. F1 galimoto mu 1: 1
• http://bit.ly/2EW1aJO - machesi ang'onoang'ono
• http://bit.ly/2CFSvsA - Anatoly Karon, wosema wa machesi amodzi
• http://bit.ly/2LEnN5V - kusankha chitsanzo: Przemysław Nagi
• http://bit.ly/2TjmhsS - Fomula 1 yopanda guluu, koma ndi moto (filimu)
• http://bit.ly/2s178R3 - Matchstick Marvels Museum ku Gladbrook, Iowa, USA.
• http://bit.ly/2AoPrzz - mapangidwe amasewera a lace
