Kusintha mafuta a injini

Mafuta okalamba: zowonjezera ndi mafuta amawonongeka pakapita nthawi. Dothi limakula m'mayendedwe amafuta. Yakwana nthawi yosintha mafuta.

Kuthetsa njinga yamoto

Mafuta a injini ndi amodzi mwa "magawo ovala" a injini yamafuta. M'kupita kwa nthawi, mtunda, kutentha kwa kutentha, ndi kayendetsedwe kake kadzasokoneza mafuta opangira mafuta ndi zowonjezera zake. Ngati mukufuna kusangalala ndi injini yanu kwa nthawi yayitali, sinthani mafuta pakapita nthawi zomwe zafotokozedwa ndi wopanga magalimoto anu mubuku lanu lautumiki.

Machimo 5 owopsa omwe simuyenera kuchita mukamasiya chilichonse

• OSATI khetsani mafuta nthawi yomweyo mukamayendetsa: chiopsezo choyaka!

• OSATI m'malo POPANDA kusintha fyuluta: fyuluta yakale imatha kuundana ndi mafuta atsopano msanga.

• OSATI kukhetsa mafuta kukhetsa: mafuta ndi zinyalala zapadera!

• OSATI gwiritsaninso ntchito o-ring wakale: mafuta amatha kudontha ndikulumikiza gudumu lakumbuyo.

• OSATI kutsanulira mafuta amgalimoto mu injini zamoto!

Kusintha kwamafuta a injini - tiyeni tiyambe

01 - Chotsani zomangira zodzaza

Thamangitsani njinga yamoto mpaka itenthe (osatentha) musanasinthe mafuta. Tetezani garaja pansi ndi chiguduli chachikulu chomwe chimatha kuyamwa pang'ono. Kutengera mtundu wamoto wa njinga yamoto, choyamba tulutsani pulagi yothira kwa alonda apulasitiki ovuta. Kuti musamavutike kutenga mbale za amayi anu mu saladi, dziperekeni ku poto woti mutenge mafuta. Kuti mafuta azituluka mu injini kuchokera pansi, pamafunika mpweya wokwanira kuchokera pamwamba. Tsopano tulutsani pulagi yodzaza mafuta.

02 - Lolani kuti mafuta atha

Tsopano masulani ulusi wokhetsa ndi chingwe cha Allen ndikuchimasula pang'onopang'ono. Pofuna kuteteza mafuta, omwe angakhale otentha kwambiri, kuti asadonthe m'manja mwanu, pangani omaliza omaliza ndi chiguduli.

Kusintha kwamafuta kwathunthu, fyuluta yamafuta iyenera kusinthidwa. Pali mitundu iwiri ya zosefera. Fyuluta yoyamba imawoneka ngati chitini ndipo ili ndi nyumba. Zosefera zina zonse zimawoneka ngati kakompyuta kakang'ono kakang'ono komwe kanapindidwa ndikukhala ndi pepala losefa. Zosefera izi zimayenera kumangidwa munyumba yomwe ili mbali yamagalimoto.

03 - Chotsani fyuluta yamafuta ndi nyumba

Gwiritsani ntchito fyuluta yamafuta amtundu wa ratchet kuti musavutike kumasula zosefera.

Fyuluta yatsopanoyi ili ndi mphete ya O yomwe imayenera kuthiridwa mafuta ndi mafuta asanachitike msonkhano.

Musanaike fyuluta yatsopano yamafuta, onetsetsani kuti ikufanana ndi fyuluta yomwe yasinthidwa (kutalika, m'mimba mwake, pamwamba pake, ulusi, ngati zingatheke, ndi zina zambiri). Limbikitsani katiriji watsopano wamafuta mosatekeseka malinga ndi malangizo omwe ali mu logbook. Malangizo achitetezo ndi aopanga magalimoto.

04 - Zosefera zamafuta zopanda nyumba

Zoseferazo, zofananira ndi kakodiyoni kakang'ono, zimakhala m'nyumba yomwe imakhala ndi zomangira kapena zomangira zomwe zili m'mphepete mwake.

Pafupifupi nthawi zonse, chophimba ichi chimakhala kutsogolo kwa injini. Mutatha kutsegula chivundikirocho (zindikirani: kukhetsa mafuta otsalira), chotsani fyuluta yakale (onetsetsani malo oyikiramo), yeretsani nyumba ndikuyika fyuluta yatsopano m'njira yoyenera.

Kutengera ndi wopanga, ma gaskets ndi O-mphete ali pathupi, pachikuto kapena pakatikati; muyenera kuzisintha zonse (onani maupangiri athu osindikizira kuti mumve zambiri.

Mukatseka nyumbayo ndikumanga zomangira ndi wrench ya torque, chotsani zodetsa zonse zamafuta mu injini ndi zotsukira. Tengani kuyeretsa uku mozama. Kupanda kutero, mpweya wonunkha udzatulutsidwa injini ikatentha ndipo mabala owuma kwambiri apanga.

05 - Dzazani ndi mafuta

Mukachotsa mphete ya O ndikukhazikitsa chopukutira molingana ndi malangizo a wopanga, mafuta atsopano amatha kuwonjezeredwa.

Tchulani buku lagalimoto yanu pamlingo woyenera, mamasukidwe akayendedwe ndi mafotokozedwe. Kuti mupulumutse ntchito zambiri, m'malo mwachangu bwezerani zodzikongoletsera O-ring.

06 - Kuyika kwa valve ya Stahlbus drain

Kuti moyo wanu ukhale wosavuta mukamadzasintha mafuta komanso mukadzatsuka, ikani valavu ya Stahlbus m'malo mwa chopangira choyambirira. Tsopano padzakhala mwayi wochita izi, ndipo potero mukulitsa njinga yanu yamoto pang'ono.

Kukhetsa, ngati muli ndi valavu yotulutsa ya Stahlbus, zonse muyenera kuchita ndikung'amba kapu yake yoteteza ndikutulutsa payipi yolumikizira mwachangu pa valavu. Chipangizo chotsekerachi chimatsegula valavu ndipo chimalola kuti mafutawo akankhidwe mchidebe chomwe mwasankha.

Mukachotsa cholumikizira payipi, valavu imatseka yokha ndipo zonse zomwe muyenera kuchita ndikulumikiza pa kapu yoteteza. Sichingakhale chosavuta: momwemo mumasungira ulusi wa crankcase ndipo simufunikanso kutengera mphete ya O. Mutha kupeza ma valve athunthu a Stahlbus ku www.louis-moto.fr pansi pa My Motorcycle.

07 - Kuyang'ana mulingo wamafuta

Zomwe muyenera kungochita ndikutsuka garaja, tayani mafuta omwe agwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera (gwiritsani ntchito chowachotsera mafuta monga chotsukira mabuleki kuti muchotse mabala oyipa pansi) ndipo pamapeto pake mutha kukhala kumbuyo pa chishalo!

Pofuna kusamala, onaninso kuchuluka kwamafuta musanakwere, makamaka ngati injini yanu ili ndi fyuluta yamafuta yomangidwa m'nyumba yothandizira.

Mwachidule za mafuta

Palibe chomwe chimagwira popanda mafuta: kukangana kwa ma piston, malo okhala ndi magiya kumawononga injini iliyonse m'kuphethira kwa diso.

Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuti muwone kuchuluka kwamafuta m'galimoto yanu yamagalimoto awiri ndikusintha pafupipafupi. M'malo mwake, mibadwo yamafuta, zokutira chifukwa chazitsulo komanso zotsalira zoyaka, ndipo pang'onopang'ono zimataya mafuta ake.

Zachidziwikire, mafutawo ayenera kukhala ndi mamasukidwe akayendedwe opangidwa ndiopanga magalimoto ndipo amayenera kupangidwira njinga zamoto kapena ma scooter: inde, injini zamoto zothamanga kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri, zotumiza zawo zimafunikiranso kudzoza ndi mafuta a injini. Clutch (mu bafa yamafuta) imagwiranso ntchito mu mafuta. Zowonjezera zoyenera zimameta ubweya wabwino, kupanikizika ndi kukhazikika kwa kutentha komanso kuteteza kuvala. Chonde dziwani: Mafuta agalimoto ali ndi mafuta owonjezera ndipo adapangira makina owuma owuma. Ndi mtundu uwu wazinthu, zomata zosambira mafuta zimatha kuterera.

Sankhani mafuta oyenera: Mafuta opangira amaposa mafuta amchere potentha kwambiri, chitetezo choyambira, kuchepetsa mikangano ndi chitetezo chazida. Chifukwa chake, ali oyenera makamaka kugwiritsidwa ntchito pamasewera komanso magalimoto opangidwa ndi makina. Komabe, si injini zonse, makamaka mabokosi, omwe amatha kuchita bwino kwambiri pamafuta. Chonde pitani ku garaja lovomerezeka pasadakhale. Ngati mukufuna kusintha ndipo njinga yamoto yanu ili ndi mileage yayikulu, ndikofunikira kuti muyambe konza ndi kuyisamalira.

Njira inanso ndiyo kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta a semi-synthetic, omwe amalekerera bwino ndi zomangira zambiri. Mafuta amakono amagalimoto amapangidwanso nthawi zambiri kudzera mu njira ya hydrocarbon synthesis: mafuta oyambira awa amapangidwa ndi mankhwala mumtsuko pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya catalytic hydrocracking. Ubwino wawo wasinthidwa kwambiri ndipo ndi wothandiza kwambiri kuposa mafuta amchere, makamaka potengera mawonekedwe a zokwawa komanso kuchuluka kwamafuta ndi mankhwala. Ali ndi maubwino ena: amapaka mafuta injini mwachangu atangoyamba, amasunga injini yaukhondo, ndikuteteza bwino zida za injini.

Kwa njinga zamoto zomwe zidamangidwa chisanafike 1970 sitipangira kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta opangira. Pali mafuta amitundu ingapo opangira njinga zamoto zakale. Pomaliza, kumbukirani kuti mafuta omwe mungasankhe, nthawi zonse muziwotcha injini mosamala. Injini ikukuthokozani ndikukhala kwakanthawi.

Magulu amafuta a injini

• API - Gulu lamafuta aku AmericaZagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyambira 1941. Makalasi "S" amatanthawuza injini za mafuta, makalasi "C" ku injini za dizilo. Kalata yachiwiri ikuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa magwiridwe antchito. Miyezo yogwiritsidwa ntchito: SF kuyambira 1980, SG kuyambira 1988, SH kuyambira 1993, SJ kuyambira 1996, SL kuyambira 2001, etc. API CF ndi muyezo wamafuta a injini ya dizilo. Magiredi a API amafuta astroke awiri (chilembo "T") sagwiritsidwanso ntchito. Mafuta otumizira ndi driveshaft amayikidwa G4 mpaka G5.

• JASO (Japan Automobil Standards Organisation) - Gulu la Japan lamafuta amagalimoto. JASO T 903 pakadali pano ndi gulu lofunikira kwambiri pamafuta a njinga zamoto padziko lapansi. Kutengera zofunikira za API, gulu la JASO limatanthauzira zina zowonjezera zomwe, mwazinthu zina, zimatsimikizira kuti mafuta amagwiranso ntchito mokwanira komanso kutulutsa konyowa kosalala. Mafuta amagawidwa m'magulu a JASO MA kapena JASO MB kutengera kutengera kwawo kopikisana. Kalasi ya JASO MA, ndipo pakadali pano kalasi ya JASO MA-2, ili ndi mgwirizano wokwanira wokumana. Mafuta omwe amagwirizana ndi gulu ili amakhala ndi kufanana kwakukulu kwambiri ndi mabatani.

• ACEA - Gulu lamafuta aku EuropeAmagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyambira 1996. Makalasi A1 mpaka A3 amafotokoza za mafuta a injini zamafuta, makalasi B1 mpaka B4 amainjini agalimoto a dizilo.

• Viscosity (SAE - Society of Automotive Engineers)Imafotokozera kukhuthala kwamafuta ndi kutentha komwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito. Ponena zamafuta amakono amitundu mitundu: m'munsi mwa nambala ya W ("yozizira"), mafuta amadzimadzi amakhala ozizira kwambiri, ndipo kukwera kwa W kopanda W, kumawonjezera kanema wonyezimira wolimbana ndi kutentha kwapamwamba.