Kusintha kwamafuta pakutumiza kwadzidzidzi: pafupipafupi, zogwiritsidwa ntchito, njira zogwirira ntchito
Zamkatimu
Kusintha mafuta mu kufala basi ndi osiyana kwambiri ndi ndondomeko yomweyo, koma ikuchitika mu gearbox Buku: n'zosatheka kukhetsa buku lonse la lubricant. Zina zambiri zili mkati mwa donati, gawo laling'ono mu mbale ya hydraulic ndi actuators.
Ngakhale kuti transmissions basi (hydraulic automatic transmissions) amasiyana makhalidwe awo, ndondomeko kusintha mafuta kufala basi ndi chimodzimodzi kufala kulikonse kwa mtundu uwu. Zowonadi, mosasamala kanthu za kuchuluka kwa magiya ndi torque yayikulu, mfundo zonse zogwirira ntchito ndi njira zomwe zimachitika m'bokosi ndizofanana.
Momwe ma transmission amagwirira ntchito
Chigawochi chili ndi njira zotsatirazi:
- torque converter (GTE kapena bagel);
- zida zapadziko lapansi (zokwera ndi imodzi mwamitundu ingapo yama gearbox);
- chosankha;
- zida zamagetsi zamagetsi (ECU);
- ma hydraulic actuators (masilinda ndi pistoni);
- pampu yamafuta ndi fyuluta;
- zogwirira;
- ma brake band.
Zithunzi za GTD
Bagel imagwira ntchito ziwiri zofunika pamagetsi odziwikiratu - ngati clutch, imadula pang'ono injini ku shaft ya gearbox ndikuwonjezera torque poyambira pochepetsa liwiro lozungulira.
Torque converter automatic transmission
Imakhudzidwa ndi ukhondo wamafuta, koma sizimakhudza magwiridwe antchito amadzimadzi.
zida za mapulaneti
Ichi ndi chachikulu limagwirira wa zodziwikiratu kufala. Kutengera kutsekereza kwa giya imodzi kapena ina, chiŵerengero cha zida chimasintha. Ma gear ratios amasankhidwa kuti atsimikizire kuti injini ikugwira ntchito bwino. Imakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi ukhondo wamafuta, ndipo ikatha, fumbi lachitsulo ndi tchipisi zimalowa mumadzi otumizira.
Wosankha
Chigawochi chili mu chipinda cha okwera ndipo ndi chosinthira chamitundu yambiri chomwe dalaivala amasankha njira yotumizira basi. Imalumikizidwa ndi ECU ndipo ilibe chochita ndi madzimadzi opatsirana, chifukwa chake sizitengera chiyero chake ndipo sichimakhudza momwe mafuta alili.
ECU
Uwu ndiye "ubongo wamagetsi" wotumizira. ECU imayang'anira magawo onse a kayendetsedwe ka galimoto ndipo, molingana ndi ndondomeko yomwe yasokedwamo, imayendetsa zinthu zonse za bokosi. Sizidalira momwe mafuta alili ndipo samakhudza mwanjira iliyonse.
Ma hydraulic actuators
hydraulic mbale ndi hydraulic silinda. Ndiwo "manja" a ECU ndipo, pa lamulo lochokera ku control unit, amachitapo kanthu pamagulu ophwanyidwa ndi ziwombankhanga, kusintha njira yogwiritsira ntchito.
Vavu thupi basi kufala
Amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi chiyero cha mafuta, koma osakhudza chikhalidwe chake. Ngakhale kachidutswa kakang'ono ka mwaye kapena chitsulo kumatha kutsekereza njira yomwe madzimadzi amalowera mu silinda ya hydraulic, yomwe ingasokoneze magwiridwe antchito amtundu wodziwikiratu.
Pampu yamafuta ndi fyuluta
Pampu yamafuta ndi mtima wa bokosi la gear, chifukwa ndi iye amene amapanga kukakamiza kwamadzimadzi opatsirana kofunikira kuti agwiritse ntchito ma hydraulic actuators.
Njira zonsezi zimakhudzidwa ndi kuipitsidwa kwamadzimadzi. Ndipo kusintha kwadzidzidzi kwa mafuta mu gearbox yodziwikiratu kungachepetse kutulutsa kwa fyuluta, zomwe zingayambitse kutsika kwa kuthamanga mu dongosolo ndi kuwonongeka kwa kufalitsa.
zogwirira
Ichi ndi analogi wina wa zowalamulira mu kufala basi, kuti zikhale zosavuta kuloza magiya ndi kuonjezera kusalala kwa ndondomekoyi. Amakhudzidwa ndi kuyera kwa mafutawo, komanso ndizomwe zimaipitsa kwambiri. Pansi katundu wolemetsa, amatenthetsa mafuta, omwe amachepetsa moyo wamadzimadzi opatsirana ndikusintha pang'ono magawo ake akuluakulu.
Imagwira automatic transmission
Mabuleki mabandi
Iwo kulamulira pulaneti zida seti, kutsekereza gearboxes munthu, potero kusintha chiŵerengero cha zida, ndiye amatsegula liwiro. Iwo sakhudzidwa ndi kuipitsidwa kwa madzi opatsirana, ndipo ndi moyo wautali wautumiki kapena katundu wambiri, amatopa, kuwonjezera fumbi lachitsulo ku mafuta.
Kodi automatic transmission imagwira ntchito bwanji?
Pamene wosankha ali pa "N" ndipo injini ikugwira ntchito, injini ya turbine ya gasi imasamutsira gawo limodzi la mphamvu ku shaft yolowera, komanso mofulumira kwambiri. Pankhaniyi, zowawa woyamba ndi lotseguka, kotero torsion mphamvu si anasamutsidwa kuposa izo ndipo palibe zotsatira pa mawilo. Pampu yamafuta imapanga kuthamanga kokwanira m'dongosolo kuti mugwiritse ntchito masilindala onse a hydraulic. Pamene dalaivala amasankha njira iliyonse yoyendetsa galimoto, ma hydraulic cylinders omwe amayendetsa ma brake band amayamba kutsegulidwa, chifukwa chomwe mapulaneti opangira mapulaneti amalandira chiwerengero cha gear chofanana ndi liwiro loyamba (lotsika kwambiri).
Mfundo ya ntchito ya zodziwikiratu kufala
Pamene dalaivala akukankhira gasi, liwiro la injini likuwonjezeka, ndiye chowotcha choyamba chimayatsidwa, ndipo injini yamagetsi yamagetsi imatembenuza kusinthasintha kwa shaft ya injini, kuchepetsa kwambiri liwiro ndi kuwonjezeka kwa torque. Zonsezi, ndi ntchito yolondola ya bokosi, imapereka chiyambi choyenda bwino komanso kuthamanga kwachangu.
Pamene bokosi la ECU likufulumizitsa, limasintha magiya, ndikutsegula chingwe choyamba ndikutsekereza magiya a mapulaneti pogwiritsa ntchito ma brake band kumapangitsa kuti njirayi ikhale yosalala komanso yosaoneka.
Zomwe zimakhudza mafuta mu automatic transmission
Madzi opatsirana amagwira ntchito zitatu zofunika m'bokosi:
- mafuta ndi kuziziritsa kupaka zinthu;
- imayimira thupi logwira ntchito la chosinthira makokedwe, kusamutsa mphamvu kuchokera ku gawo limodzi kupita ku lina;
- ndi hydraulic fluid, kuonetsetsa kuti ma drive onse a hydraulic akugwira ntchito.
Malingana ngati mafutawo ali oyera komanso magawo ake osasinthika, machitidwe onse opatsirana odziwikiratu amagwira ntchito moyenera, ndipo kutulutsidwa kwa mwaye kapena chitsulo fumbi / tchipisi m'bokosi ndikochepa. Pamene madzimadzi amaipitsidwa ndipo magawo ake akuwonongeka, zotsatirazi zimachitika:
- kuvala kwa kupaka zigawo kumawonjezeka, komwe kumawonjezera kwambiri kuchuluka kwa mapangidwe adothi;
- mphamvu yosinthira makokedwe a injini yamagetsi yamagetsi imachepetsedwa;
- ntchito ya mbale ya hydraulic imasokonekera, chifukwa zidutswa za dothi zimatseka ngalande zopyapyala ndikuchepetsa kutulutsa kwake.
Kupatsirana kwamadzimadzi
Njirazi zimachitika muzotengera zilizonse zodziwikiratu. Koma kulimba kwake kumavala, kumayambanso ndikudutsa mozama. Choncho, mtunda pamaso kusintha mafuta kufala latsopano basi ndi yaitali kwambiri kuposa wotopa kale.
Kusintha kwamafuta
Kusintha mafuta mu kufala basi ndi osiyana kwambiri ndi ndondomeko yomweyo, koma ikuchitika mu gearbox Buku: n'zosatheka kukhetsa buku lonse la lubricant. Zina zambiri zili mkati mwa donati, gawo laling'ono mu mbale ya hydraulic ndi actuators. Chifukwa chake, mitundu yotsatirayi yamafuta imagwiritsidwa ntchito:
- pang'ono (osakwanira);
- pawiri tsankho;
- zonse (hardware).
Ndi tsankho, pafupifupi theka lamadzimadzi limatsanulidwa, kenako lina limawonjezeredwa pamlingo wofunikira. Njira yapawiri imakhala yakuti choyamba kusintha kwamadzimadzi kumachitidwa, ndiye injini imayambitsidwa kwa kanthawi kochepa kuti mafuta asokonezeke, ndipo kusintha kwina kwapang'ono kumachitika. Njirayi imatha kulowa m'malo pafupifupi 70% yamadzimadzi.
Kusintha mafutawo kuti atumizidwe basi
The hardware njira limakupatsani m'malo 95-98% ya kufala, koma kumafuna alowererepo kwambiri mu dongosolo zodziwikiratu kufala mafuta ndi pawiri, ndipo nthawi zambiri ngakhale patatu kuchuluka kwa mafuta atsopano.
Kusintha pang'ono
Opaleshoniyi ndiye yayikulu chifukwa imaphatikizapo zonse zofunika:
- kukhetsa madzimadzi opatsirana;
- kusintha fyuluta;
- kuyeretsa pallet;
- kudzaza mafuta;
- kufala kwa madzimadzi mlingo kusintha.
Zochita izi zimatchedwa zofunikira chifukwa ziyenera kuchitidwa ndi njira iliyonse yosinthira mafuta.
Nazi zida ndi zida zomwe zidzafunikire kuti mugwire ntchitoyi:
- garaja yokhala ndi dzenje, overpass kapena kukweza;
- seti ya mawotchi otseguka ndi zitsulo;
- screwdriver set;
- ojambula;
- chidebe cha kukhetsa migodi;
- syringe kapena makina odzaza madzi atsopano (muyenera kusankha malinga ndi bokosi kapena galimoto).
Makina odzaza VAS 6262
Chida ichi ndi zida ndizofunikira kuti zigwire ntchito ndi kufala kulikonse.
Ndondomeko
Kuti muchite izi, chitani izi:
- Ikani makinawo pa dzenje, modutsa kapena mukweze ndikuchithandizira ndi ma wheel chock.
- Chotsani batire kuti muteteze injini ndi gearbox ECU, pamagalimoto ena ndibwino kuti muchotse, izi zidzapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kupeza pamwamba pa kufala kwa basi.
- Kufikira kwaulere kwa kufalikira kuchokera kumbali ya hood, izi ndizofunikira pokhapokha, pazifukwa zina, ndizosavuta kuti mudzaze mafuta kuchokera pamwamba, mwachitsanzo, kudzera mu dzenje la kupuma.
- Chotsani chitetezo chodziwikiratu, chikhoza kupangidwa ngati pepala limodzi ndi chitetezo cha injini, kapena kuyimirira padera.
- M'malo mwa chidebe ndikuchotsa pulagi yokhetsa, pamapaipi ena mumayeneranso kumasula chubu choyezera, popanda chomwe sichingathe kukhetsa mafuta.
- Madziwo akatha, chotsani poto kuti mupeze zosefera ndi mbale ya hydraulic.
- Sinthani fyuluta yamkati. Ngakhale kuti ambuye ena amalimbikitsa kutsuka, tikukulangizani kuti musinthe, chifukwa mtengo wa chinthu chatsopano sungafanane ndi zowonongeka zomwe fyuluta yotsuka ingayambitse.
- Bwezerani fyuluta yakunja ngati kufalitsa kwanu kuli ndi imodzi (ngati sichoncho, tikupangira kuyiyika, chifukwa mudzatalikitsa moyo wotumizira).
- Bwezerani gasket ndikuyikanso poto. Ena automakers, monga BMW, musagulitse gasket payokha, kokha ndi mphasa ndi zomangira latsopano. Chifukwa chake, zili ndi inu kusankha ngati mutenge choloweza mmalo, ndiko kuti, gasket yosakhala yoyambirira yamtundu wosadziwika, kapena kuyikabe zomwe wopanga amapereka.
- Limbikitsani pulagi ya drain, ngati bokosilo lili ndi chubu choyezera, kenaka piritsani kaye.
- Dzazani mafuta mpaka mulingo woyenera. Njira yowonera ndikusintha kuchuluka kwamafuta kumadalira kapangidwe ka bokosilo.
- Bwezerani ndi kulumikiza batire.
- Yambani injini ndikuyang'ananso mlingo, opaleshoniyi ikuchitika m'njira zosiyanasiyana, malingana ndi mapangidwe a kufala kwadzidzidzi.
Kusintha kwamafuta pang'ono pamagwiritsidwe basi
Ikaninso zigawo zomwe zachotsedwa.
Kusintha kawiri pang'ono
Chitani kusintha kwamafuta kotere mubokosi lodziwikiratu molingana ndi algorithm yomwe tafotokozazi. Pokhapokha m'malo oyamba, yambitsani injini ndikuyisiya kwa mphindi 5-10 kuti madzi onse amadzimadzi azisakanizidwa, komanso kusinthana ndi chowongolera kangapo m'malo onse. Kenako zimitsani injini ndikusinthanso mafuta.
Kusintha kwa Hardware
Njirayi ndiyothandiza kwambiri, koma iyenera kuchitidwa ndi katswiri yemwe amadziwa bwino ma transmissions. Kwa njirayi, mzere wobwereranso wamafuta umathyoledwa ndipo zinyalala zimatsitsidwa, ndiye mpopeyo imalumikizidwa ndi chidebe chokhala ndi madzi oyera opatsirana ndipo bokosilo limadzazidwa nalo, ndikutsuka zotsalira zamafuta akale. Kutsuka koteroko kumachotsa osati migodi yokha, komanso dothi lomwe lakhazikika muzitsulo. Njirayi idatchedwa dzina lake chifukwa imatha kuchitidwa mothandizidwa ndi choyimira chapadera (zida), ndipo zoyesayesa zonse kuti zitheke ndi njira zotsogola zimachepetsa kwambiri magwiridwe antchito.
Kusintha kwa Hardware kwamafuta mu automatic transmission
Kuti mutsirize makinawo, kuchuluka kwa mafuta kumafunika 3-4 kuchulukitsa kuchuluka kwamadzimadzi opatsirana mudongosolo. Pambuyo pa kusintha kulikonse, bokosilo lidzafunika kusintha kuti ECU yotumizira basi izolowere kugwira ntchito ndi mafuta atsopano.
Njira iti yomwe ili yabwino pazosiyana
Kusankha njira yabwino kwambiri yosinthira mafuta panjira yodziwikiratu zimatengera momwe unit ilili. Ngati madziwa ali oyera ndipo bokosi likugwira ntchito moyenera, koma malinga ndi malamulo, nthawi yafika yoti asinthe mafuta (makilomita 30-60 zikwi), ndiye kuti m'malo mwake ndikwanira. Ndi kuthamanga kwa makilomita 70-120 zikwi, kusintha kawiri tsankho madzimadzi kusintha, ndipo pamene kuthamanga ndi 150-200 zikwi, kuchita hardware m'malo. Kenako bwerezani kuzungulira konseko, ndikuchita chilichonse ndi nthawi ya makilomita 20-40, mpaka gawo litayamba kumenya kapena kugwira ntchito molakwika. Ndi kuthamanga kwa zikwi mazana awiri, zizindikiro zoterezi zimasonyeza kufunikira kokonzanso, mosasamala kanthu za mtundu kapena fungo la madzi opatsirana.
Momwe mungasinthire mafuta munjira yodziwikiratu kuti musankhe
Chitani zomwezo ngati, ndi mtunda wochepa (120 kapena kuchepera makilomita zikwi), mafuta omwe amatumizidwa ndi akuda kapena opangidwa ndi emulsified, koma palibe fungo lamphamvu lamoto. Ngati, ndi kuthamanga pang'ono, kumanunkhiza kwambiri kutentha, ndiye mosasamala kanthu za njira yosinthira, chipangizocho chidzafunika kukonza mwamsanga. Kupatula apo, ziwombankhanga zake, ndipo mwina osati zokhazo, zatha kwambiri, kotero kuti sangathenso kuchita bwino ntchito yawo.
Kodi mungasinthe mafutawo nokha?
Mukhoza m'malo kufala mu zodziwikiratu kufala nokha m'njira ziwiri zoyambirira, mwachitsanzo, tsankho ndi pawiri tsankho. Pachifukwa ichi, garaja iliyonse yokhala ndi dzenje kapena yodutsa ndi yoyenera, komanso zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza galimoto. Ngati inu nokha mukuchita mtundu wina wa kukonza makina, ndiye kuti mutha kuthana ndi ntchitoyi. Chinthu chachikulu ndikutsata malamulo osavuta:
- musagwiritse ntchito sealant m'malo mwa gasket wokhazikika;
- phunzirani malangizo ogwiritsira ntchito magalimoto ndi ma forum omwe ogwiritsa ntchito amasiya ndemanga ndi ndemanga zosiyanasiyana;
- penyani makanema angapo pomwe katswiri akuwonetsa momwe angachitire chinthu china;
- ngati chitetezo chodzitchinjiriza chodziwikiratu ndi injini chimapangidwa ndi zinthu zakuda ndipo chimapangidwa ngati pepala limodzi, ndiye kuti musachotsere nokha, funsani wina kuti akuthandizeni;
- kukonza unit, kuyang'ana osati pa mtunda, komanso chikhalidwe chake;
- ngati simukutsimikiza kuti mutha kuchita zonse bwino, lemberani osakhala apadera, koma ntchito yabwino yamagalimoto.
Malamulowa adzakuthandizani kupewa zolakwika zazikulu ndikusunga bwino kufalikira.
Pomaliza
Kusintha kwapanthawi yake kwamafuta pakutumiza zodziwikiratu, komanso kugwira ntchito moyenera kwagalimoto, ndiye chinsinsi chautumiki wautali komanso wopanda cholakwika wa kufala kwadzidzidzi. Kusankha kolondola kwa njira yochitira opaleshoniyi kumatalikitsa moyo osati kungotumiza kokha, komanso makina onse.
