Tsekani denga lapamwamba, gawo 10

Kumapeto kwakukonzekera ndi kugula zinthu mu 1936-39. anali, mwa zina, odana ndege mfuti caliber 90 mm. Zida zomwe zimakulolani kuti muteteze bwino machitidwe otetezera mpweya m'matauni akuluakulu ndi mafakitale.

M'nkhani zotsatizana zomwe zafalitsidwa mu "Wojsko i Technika Historia" mu 2018 pansi pa mutu wakuti "Tsekani denga lapamwamba ...", pafupifupi mitu yonse yokhudzana ndi zida zankhondo zotsutsana ndi ndege za ku Poland, komanso momwe zimagwirizanirana. zida zothandizira moto zidakambidwa. Asilikali ankhondo aku Poland, omwe adalandilidwa ndi pulogalamu yofuna kusintha zinthu zatsopano, adadutsa muzokwera ndi zotsika zomwe zakhudza mwachindunji mawonekedwe awo munthawi yamtendere komanso kupambana kwawo pankhondo. M'nkhani yomwe imamaliza kuzungulira pamwambapa, wolembayo akuwonetsa zinthu zomaliza za dongosolo lamakono lachitetezo cha ndege la Second Polish Republic, lomwe linapangidwa kuyambira pachiyambi, ndikufotokozera mwachidule zoyesayesa zonse zomwe zidapangidwa mu 1935-1939.

Pamsonkhano wa National Welfare Service pa December 17, 1936, nkhani ya chitetezo cha ndege ya dera lapakhomo (OPL OK), yomwe inakambidwa kale pa February 7 ndi July 31 chaka chomwecho, inakambidwanso. Pakukambilana, mutu wa chitetezo ku ziwopsezo zochokera kumlengalenga wa mapangidwe, makamaka magawano a ana oyenda pansi, adakhudzidwanso. Malinga ndi ziwerengero zomwe zidavomerezedwa kale ndi KSUS, DP iliyonse idayenera kukhala ndi magulu anayi amfuti za 4-mm 40 iliyonse. Lingaliro lochititsa chidwi linapangidwa pano kuti kugawanika, kuti moto uwonjezeke pamtunda wapakati komanso pamtunda wopitilira mfuti za 2 mm, ayeneranso kukhala ndi batire lapadera lamfuti zam'manja za 40 mm. Nkhaniyi inkawoneka yolondola, chifukwa mwanjira imeneyi imayenera kuthana ndi ndege zoponya mabomba zokha, komanso kuzindikira zankhondo, zomwe zidayambitsa zovuta zogwira ntchito.

Asanapangidwe mfuti za Starachowice 75mm zotsutsana ndi ndege mu 75mm wz. 97/25 inapanga maziko a chitetezo cha ndege ku Poland.

Malingana ndi asilikali a ku Poland, magalimoto oyendetsa galimoto ankagwira ntchito pamtunda wa pafupifupi mamita 2000 ndipo anali mkati mwa mfuti za 40-mm (zongopeka za mfutiyo zinali 3 km). Vuto ndilokuti kuyang'ana kwa msinkhu womwe tatchulawu kunachitika pamtunda wa makilomita 4-6 kuchokera ku malo a adani. Mtunda umenewu unali woposa wz. 36. Kuti agwire ntchito mogwira mtima, mkulu wa batire la mfuti zazitali zazitali amayenera kukhala ndi malingaliro ake komanso malo operekera lipoti ngati mfundo yosonkhanitsira deta pamayendedwe aposachedwa ankhondo yankhondo ya mdani, osachepera ngati gawo la ntchitoyo. kwa iye kuphimba gawo lalikulu. Mfundo yaikulu apa inali njira yomwe inadutsa njira zamakono zowombera molunjika ndikulola kuwombera ndi khutu (zida zamayimbidwe). Chifukwa chake mawu oti mabatire odziyimira pawokha amayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ophunzitsidwa, ngakhale pamlingo uwu wa ntchito yoteteza ndege usiku sichinaganizidwe (kusowa kowoneka koyenera, zowunikira, ndi zina).

Tsoka ilo, kulimbikitsa chivundikiro chogwira ntchito cha airspace pa DP kuyenera kuchitika pomaliza, gawo lachitatu la pulogalamu yowonjezera. Yoyamba inali ndi cholinga chokonzekera mayunitsi akuluakulu ndi zida za 40 mm, ndipo chachiwiri chinali gawo la kubwezeretsanso chiwerengero cha mfuti mu mabatire mpaka zidutswa 6 kapena 8. Gawo lachitatu ndi kupereka kwa machitidwe a chitetezo cha ndege a 75 mm ndi zina zambiri kwa asilikali, ku SZ Reserve ndi kumapeto kwa DP. Pofotokoza gawo lachitatu, idadziwikanso ndi magawo ena a ntchito:

• • kukonzekera ndege chitetezo cha Warsaw ndi chiyambi cha ntchito pa bungwe la chitetezo mpweya zinthu zina zofunika m'munsimu;
  • kukonzekeretsa mapangidwe akuluakulu a ntchito ndi zida zotsutsana ndi ndege ndikupanga malo osungirako a SZ;
  • kukonzekera dziko lonse chitetezo cha ndege;
  • kukonzekeretsa zida zazikulu zaukadaulo ndi zida zowonjezera za 75-mm zotsutsana ndi ndege.

Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti kumapeto kwa 1936, kale asanakhazikitsidwe ndondomeko yolimbikitsa "Z", panali kugwirizana kwa gulu lamfuti la 33, kotero kuti kufunikira kunali motere: 264 40-mm mfuti za DP, 78 40 13-mm mfuti za BC, 132 75-mm mfuti za DP. Magalimoto amtundu (RM) sanaphatikizidwe m'mawerengedwe, ngakhale kuti kuwonjezeka kunakhalabe kotseguka.

BC manambala mpaka 15.

Zinthu zomwe zimatchedwa kuti mlingo sizinali zosangalatsa. gawo lalikulu la ntchito, i.e. gulu lapadera logwira ntchito kapena gulu lankhondo, chiwerengero chake pa nkhani ya N kapena R poyamba chinayikidwa pa 7. Aliyense wa iwo amayenera kukhala ndi 1-3 ya magawo ake osakanikirana, chiwerengero chake sichiyenera kupitirira 12. Mapangidwe a aliyense wa iwo anali motere: 3 mabatire 75-mamilimita mfuti - 4 mfuti, 1 kampani 150 masentimita zofufuzira magetsi - 12 masiteshoni, 1 batire la 40mm mfuti - 6 mfuti (3 platoons). Mfuti zokwana 144 75 mm, zofufuzira zofufuzira 144 150 cm, mizinga 72 40 mm ndi mfuti zolemera 144. Komabe, zatsopano zambiri zimawonekera pamlingo wa OK NW ndi VL, iliyonse yomwe imagawidwa kum'maŵa ndi kumadzulo, ndikuwunikira njira zazikulu zitatu za kayendetsedwe ka ndege za adani (Table 1). Mtsogoleri wamkulu, pankhani ya N kapena R, ayenera kukhala ndi zida zankhondo 5 zolimbana ndi ndege, ntchito yayikulu yomwe ndichitetezo cha malo owongolera omwe ali m'malo oopsa. Mzere uliwonse wosungira wa NW uyenera kukhala ndi mabatire atatu amfuti za 3-90 mm (mfuti 105), kampani imodzi ya zofufuzira zofufuzira za 12 mm ndi batire imodzi yamfuti 1 mm (mfuti 150).

Chiwerengero chonse: mizinga 60 90-105mm, 60 150cm zofufuzira, 30 40mm ndi mfuti zolemera 60 zamakina. Potsirizira pake, dera lamkati, lomwe linali lotha kufika pa ndege za adani, zomwe zinaphatikizapo 10 otchedwa. zigawo ndi 5 okhwima m'matauni malo. Zotsirizirazi zidaphatikizidwa mu dongosololi makamaka chifukwa chakuwononga malo olumikizirana komanso malo ofunikira a boma, omwe amayenera kukhala ndi chitetezo chocheperako pakuwopseza mlengalenga. Poganizira zosowa zapakhomo, zimayenera kupanga mitundu iwiri yamagulu: magulu opepuka ngati gulu lankhondo la 75-mm semi-stationary kapena mfuti zam'manja - mabatire 3, 1 kampani yowunikira - zolemba 12, batire imodzi ya 1- mamilimita mfuti ndi 40 zida; magulu aatali osiyanasiyana zikuchokera, koma 6-90-mamilimita odana ndi ndege mfuti ayenera m'malo mfuti 105 mm.

Pazonse, gawo lomaliza la ambulera yotsutsana ndi ndege ya Second Commonwealth inali ndi mizinga 336 75-mm, mizinga 48 90-105-mm, zofufuzira 300/384 150-masentimita ndi mfuti zolemera 384. Ponseponse, kukhazikitsidwa kwa lingaliro lonse la "New Organization of Anti-Aircraft Artillery" linali kukopa mfuti 1356 zotsutsana ndi ndege WP, 504/588 zofufuzira zotsutsana ndi ndege ndi 654 mfuti zamakina zolemera kuti ziteteze malo owombera mabatire pa kutalika. kutalika mpaka 800 m. kusintha gawo la mfuti ya NKM 20 mm yolemera. Mfundo zomwe zili m'nkhaniyi zinali zochititsa chidwi, pamene zaka za gawo loyamba la kukhazikitsidwa kwa bungwe latsopano lamtendere, losankhidwa osachepera 1937-1938, ziyenera kuti zinagwiritsidwa ntchito polandira zida za 40 mm ndikufulumizitsa. kuphunzitsa anthu ogwira ntchito.