WWW ndi mayiko a Balkan pa intaneti

Webusaiti Yadziko Lonse, kapena WWW, kuyambira pachiyambi kwenikweni inali chabe mtundu wamagetsi wa bolodi, bukhu, nyuzipepala, magazini, i.e. kope lachikhalidwe, lopangidwa ndi masamba. Kumvetsetsa kwa intaneti ngati "ndandanda wamasamba" kwayamba kusintha posachedwa.

Kuyambira pachiyambi, mumafunikira msakatuli kuti musakatule intaneti. Mbiri ya mapulogalamuwa ndi yogwirizana kwambiri ndi mbiri ya intaneti. Ma Dinosaurs amakumbukira Netscape ndi mpikisano wake ndi Microsoft Internet Explorer, chidwi chake ndi Firefox ndi kubwera kwa Google Chrome. Komabe, kwa zaka zambiri, malingaliro ankhondo asakatuli achepa. Ogwiritsa ntchito mafoni sadziwa ngakhale msakatuli yemwe akuwawonetsa intaneti, ndipo zilibe kanthu kwa iwo. Iyenera kugwira ntchito ndipo ndi momwemo.

Komabe, ngakhale sakudziwa kuti asakatuli omwe amagwiritsa ntchito, amagwiritsabe ntchito pulogalamu yomwe imapereka intaneti yosalowerera ndale. Zomwezo sizinganenedwenso pamapulogalamu ena ambiri a foni yam'manja omwe amapereka ntchito zawo ndi zomwe zili "pa intaneti". Maukonde apa ndi mtundu wa nsalu zomwe zimagwirizanitsa ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Kuzindikiritsa intaneti ndi chikwatu cha WWW kwatha.

Kutenga sitepe m'tsogolo zomwe zikuchitika pamaso pathu, ndi maukonde - mmene ife kusuntha osati pafupifupi, komanso thupi ndithu, mu nkhalango ya Internet zinthu - ife nthawi zambiri kulankhulana osati kudzera mbewa kayendedwe, kudina ndi kugogoda pa kiyibodi, koma mawu, malinga ndi mayendedwe ndi manja. WWW yakale yabwino sikuzimiririka chifukwa imakhala imodzi mwazinthu zambiri pamoyo wathu, ntchito yomwe timagwiritsa ntchito nthawi zina. Sichifanananso ndi intaneti monga momwe zimamvekera zaka khumi ndi zisanu zapitazo.

Kutha kwa kusankha - nthawi yoti mupereke

Madzulo, kapena m'malo mwake kuwonongeka kwa Webusaiti Yadziko Lonse, kumalumikizidwa kwambiri ndi zomwe zikuchitika Kusalowerera ndale kwa intaneti, ngakhale sizofunikira komanso sizofanana. Mutha kulingalira za WWW zomwe sizikugwirizana ndi kusalowerera ndale, komanso intaneti yopanda ndale popanda WWW. Masiku ano, onse a Google ndi China ali ndi mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito intaneti yomwe amadziona kuti ndi yabwino kwa iwo eni, kaya ndi chifukwa cha kalembedwe kakhalidwe kapena malingaliro andale.

Ma logo opikisana a msakatuli

The Neutral Internet tsopano ikufotokozedwa ngati cyberspace yotseguka, malo a digito pomwe palibe amene amasankhidwa kapena kutsekedwa ndi oyang'anira. Ukonde wachikhalidwe, kwenikweni, unachita zomwezo. Mwachidziwitso, tsamba lililonse likhoza kupezeka mu injini yosakira. Zoonadi, chifukwa cha mpikisano pakati pa maphwando ndipo, mwachitsanzo, ma algorithms ofufuzira omwe adayambitsidwa ndi Google chifukwa cha zotsatira "zamtengo wapatali kwambiri", kufanana kwachidziwitso kumeneku kwakhala mwamphamvu ... zongopeka pakapita nthawi. Komabe, ndizovuta kukana kuti ogwiritsa ntchito intaneti amafuna izi okha, osakhutitsidwa ndi chipwirikiti komanso zotsatira zosaka mwachisawawa pazida zofufuzira zapaintaneti.

Olimbikitsa ufulu wapaintaneti adazindikira kuti chiwopsezo cha kusalowerera ndale m'malo akuluakulu otsekedwa a pa intaneti omwe amatengera zochitika zapagulu, monga Facebook. Ogwiritsa ntchito ambiri amawonabe malo ochezera a pa Intanetiwa ngati malo osalowerera ndale komanso mwayi waulere kwa aliyense. Zowonadi, pamlingo wina, ntchitozo, tinene, zapagulu, zimachitidwa ndi Facebook, koma tsamba ili latsekedwa momveka bwino komanso limayendetsedwa mosamalitsa. Izi ndizowona makamaka kwa ogwiritsa ntchito pulogalamu yam'manja ya Facebook. Kuphatikiza apo, pulogalamu yabuluu yomwe ikuyenda pa foni yam'manja imayamba kuwona ndikuwongolera mbali zina za moyo wa ogwiritsa ntchito pa intaneti. Dzikoli lilibe chochita ndikupeza ndikusankha masamba omwe tikufuna kupitako, monga momwe zidalili mu WWW yakale yabwino. "Izo" imadzikakamiza yokha, imakankhira ndikusankha zomwe tikufuna kuziwona molingana ndi algorithm.

Mpanda wa intaneti

Akatswiri akhala akulimbikitsa mfundoyi kwa zaka zingapo tsopano. Balkanization ya intaneti. Izi nthawi zambiri zimatanthauzidwa ngati njira yokonzanso malire a mayiko ndi mayiko pa intaneti padziko lonse lapansi. Ichi ndi chizindikiro china cha kuchepa kwa Webusaiti Yadziko Lonse monga lingaliro lomwe poyamba linkamveka ngati network yapadziko lonse lapansi, yapadziko lonse lapansi komanso yapadziko lonse lapansi yomwe imagwirizanitsa anthu onse popanda zoletsa. M'malo mwa intaneti yapadziko lonse lapansi, intaneti ya Germany, intaneti ya Japan, malo ochezera a pa Intaneti ku Chile, ndi zina zotero. Nthawi zina tikulankhula za chitetezo ku ukazitape, nthawi zina za malamulo m'deralo, nthawi zina polimbana ndi otchedwa.

Ma firewall omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi akuluakulu aku China ndi Russia amadziwika kale padziko lonse lapansi. Komabe, mayiko ena akugwirizana ndi omwe ali okonzeka kumanga malire ndi madamu. Mwachitsanzo, Germany ikulimbikitsa mapulani oti apange netiweki yolumikizirana ku Europe yomwe ingadutse ma node aku US ndikuletsa kuyang'aniridwa ndi aku America odziwika. National Security Agency ya Supreme Administrative Court ndi wochepa wake wodziwika Mnzake waku Britain - GCHQ. Angela Merkel posachedwapa analankhula za kufunika kokambirana "makamaka ndi opereka mautumiki a ku Ulaya omwe adzawonetsetse chitetezo cha nzika zathu kuti maimelo ndi zidziwitso zina zisatumizidwe kudutsa nyanja ya Atlantic ndi kumangidwa kwa maukonde." ku Europe."

Kumbali ina, ku Brazil, malinga ndi zomwe zafalitsidwa posachedwapa mu IEEE Spectrum, pulezidenti wa dziko, Dilma Rousseff, akuti akufuna kuyika "zingwe zapansi pamadzi zomwe sizidzadutsa ku United States."

Zachidziwikire, zonsezi zimachitika pansi pa mawu akuti kuteteza nzika kuti zisamawunikidwe ndi mabungwe aku US. Vuto ndilakuti kudzipatula kumayendedwe anu onse pa intaneti sikukhudzana ndi lingaliro lenileni la intaneti ngati tsamba lotseguka, losalowerera ndale, lapadziko lonse lapansi. Ndipo monga momwe zochitika zikuwonetsera, ngakhale kuchokera ku China, kufufuza, kulamulira ndi kuletsa ufulu nthawi zonse kumayendera limodzi ndi "mpanda" wa intaneti.

Kuchokera kumanzere kupita kumanja: woyambitsa Internet Archive - Brewster Kahle, bambo wa intaneti - Vint Cerf komanso wopanga maukonde - Tim Berners-Lee.

Anthu akugwiriridwa

Tim Berners-Lee, yemwe anayambitsa ntchito yapaintaneti komanso m'modzi mwa olimbikitsa kwambiri kusalowerera ndale komanso kumasuka, adanena muzoyankhulana ndi atolankhani Novembala watha kuti munthu amatha kumva "zosasangalatsa" pa intaneti. Malingaliro ake, izi zikuwopseza maukonde apadziko lonse lapansi, komanso malonda ndikuyesera kusalowerera ndale. kuchuluka kwa nkhani zabodza komanso zabodza.

Berners-Lee amadzudzula pang'ono nsanja zazikulu za digito monga Google ndi Facebook chifukwa chofalitsa nkhani zabodza. Amakhala ndi njira zogawira zomwe zili ndi kutsatsa m'njira yokopa chidwi cha ogwiritsa ntchito.

 imakopa chidwi cha wopanga malowa.

Dongosololi lilibe chochita ndi machitidwe, chowonadi kapena demokalase. Kuyang'ana kwambiri ndi luso palokha, ndipo kuchita bwino komweko kumakhala cholinga chachikulu, chomwe chimamasulira kukhala ndalama kapena zolinga zobisika zandale. Ichi ndichifukwa chake anthu aku Russia adagula zotsatsa zomwe zimayang'ana ovota aku America pa Facebook, Google ndi Twitter. Monga momwe makampani owunikira adanenera pambuyo pake, incl. Cambridge Analytica, mamiliyoni a anthu atha kusinthidwa motere "khalidwe microtargeting".

 Berners-Lee adakumbukira. M'malingaliro ake, izi sizili choncho, chifukwa pa sitepe iliyonse pali anthu amphamvu omwe amawongolera mwayi wopezeka pa intaneti m'njira zambiri ndipo nthawi yomweyo amawopsyeza zatsopano.