Dongosolo la utsi - chipangizo

Galimoto yokhala ndi injini yoyatsira mkati imafunikira njira yomwe mpweya wotulutsa mpweya umatulutsidwa. Dongosolo loterolo, lotchedwa exhaust, lidawonekera nthawi imodzi ndi kupangidwa kwa injiniyo ndipo, limodzi ndi izo, lakonzedwa bwino komanso lamakono kwazaka zambiri. Zomwe zimapangidwira galimoto zimapangidwira komanso momwe zigawo zake zimagwirira ntchito, tidzakuuzani m'nkhaniyi.

Mizati itatu ya ndondomeko yotulutsa mpweya

Pamene kusakaniza kwa mpweya wa mpweya kumatenthedwa mu silinda ya injini, mpweya wotulutsa mpweya umapangidwa, womwe uyenera kuchotsedwa kuti silindayo idzazenso ndi kuchuluka kofunikira kwa kusakaniza. Pazifukwa izi, akatswiri opanga magalimoto adapanga makina otulutsa mpweya. Amakhala ndi zigawo zikuluzikulu zitatu: utsi wochuluka, chothandizira chosinthira (chotembenuza), muffler. Tiyeni tikambirane mbali iliyonse ya dongosolo lino padera.

Chithunzi cha exhaust system. Pankhaniyi, resonator ndi wowonjezera muffler.

Utsi wochuluka unawonekera pafupifupi nthawi imodzi ndi injini yoyaka mkati. Ndi chowonjezera cha injini chokhala ndi machubu angapo omwe amalumikiza chipinda choyaka cha silinda ya injini iliyonse ku chosinthira chothandizira. Kutulutsa kotulutsa kumapangidwa ndi chitsulo (chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri) kapena ceramic.

Zosiyanasiyana

Popeza wosonkhanitsa nthawi zonse amakhudzidwa ndi kutentha kwakukulu kwa mpweya, osonkhanitsa opangidwa ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri amakhala "ogwira ntchito". Chotolera zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri ndichofunikanso, chifukwa condensate amaunjikana mu unit panthawi yozizira galimoto itayima. Condensation imatha kuwononga chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, koma dzimbiri sizichitika pazitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri. Ubwino wa ceramic manifold ndi kulemera kwake kochepa, koma sikungathe kupirira kutentha kwakukulu kwa mpweya kwa nthawi yaitali ndi ming'alu.

Haman anatulutsa mphamvu zambiri

Mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito makina otulutsa mpweya ndi yosavuta. Mipweya yotulutsa mpweya imadutsa mu valavu yotulutsa mpweya kupita kumagetsi ambiri ndipo kuchokera pamenepo kupita ku chosinthira chothandizira. Kuphatikiza pa ntchito yayikulu yochotsa mpweya wotulutsa mpweya, zochulukirapo zimathandizira kuyeretsa zipinda zoyaka moto za injini ndi "kusonkhanitsa" gawo latsopano la mpweya wotulutsa mpweya. Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kusiyana kwa kupanikizika kwa gasi m'chipinda choyaka moto komanso mosiyanasiyana. Kupanikizika muzinthu zambiri kumakhala kochepa kusiyana ndi chipinda choyaka moto, kotero kuti mafunde amapangidwa mu mipope yochuluka, yomwe, yomwe imawonekera kuchokera kumoto wamoto (resonator) kapena chosinthira chothandizira, imabwereranso ku chipinda choyaka moto, ndipo panthawiyi yotsatira. Kuthamanga kwa mpweya kumathandizira kuthetsa gawo lotsatira la mpweya.Kufulumizitsa kulengedwa kwa mafundewa kumadalira kuthamanga kwa injini: kuthamanga kwapamwamba, mofulumira mafunde "amayenda" pamodzi ndi wosonkhanitsa.

Kuchokera pamtundu wambiri wotulutsa mpweya, mpweya wotulutsa umalowa mu chosinthira kapena chosinthira chothandizira. Amakhala ndi zisa za ceramic, pamwamba pake pali wosanjikiza wa platinamu-iridium alloy.

Schematic ya catalytic converter

Mukakumana ndi wosanjikiza uwu, nayitrogeni ndi okosijeni wa okosijeni amapangidwa kuchokera ku mpweya wotulutsa mpweya chifukwa cha kuchepa kwamankhwala, komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pakuwotcha bwino zotsalira zamafuta pakutha. Chifukwa cha zochita za chothandizira reagents, chisakanizo cha nayitrogeni ndi carbon dioxide amalowa mu kutopa chitoliro.

Pomaliza, chinthu chachitatu chachikulu pautsi wagalimoto wagalimoto ndi chopondera, chomwe ndi chipangizo chochepetsera phokoso pomwe mpweya wotulutsa umatulutsa. Komanso, imakhala ndi zigawo zinayi: chubu chogwirizanitsa resonator kapena chothandizira ku silencer, silencer yokha, chitoliro chotulutsa mpweya ndi nsonga ya chitoliro.

Wotsutsa

Mipweya yotulutsa mpweya yoyeretsedwa ku zonyansa zovulaza imachokera ku chothandizira kupyolera mu chitoliro kupita ku muffler. The muffler thupi amapangidwa ndi magulu osiyanasiyana zitsulo: wamba (utumiki moyo - kwa zaka 2), aluminized (utumiki moyo - 3-6 zaka) kapena zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri (utumiki moyo - 10-15 zaka). Ili ndi mapangidwe a zipinda zambiri, chipinda chilichonse chimakhala ndi potsegula momwe mpweya wotulutsa mpweya umalowa m'chipinda chotsatira. Chifukwa cha kusefa kangapo uku, mipweya yotulutsa mpweya imachepetsedwa, mafunde amphamvu a mpweya wotulutsa mpweya amachepa. Mipweyayo imalowa mu chitoliro chotulutsa mpweya. Malingana ndi mphamvu ya injini yomwe imayikidwa m'galimoto, chiwerengero cha mipope yotopa imatha kusiyana ndi imodzi mpaka inayi. Chinthu chomaliza ndi nsonga ya chitoliro cha exhaust.

Magalimoto okhala ndi Turbocharged ali ndi zotchingira zing'onozing'ono kuposa magalimoto omwe amangolakalaka mwachilengedwe. Chowonadi ndi chakuti turbine imagwiritsa ntchito mpweya wotulutsa mpweya kuti ugwire ntchito, choncho ndi ena okha omwe amalowa muzitsulo zotayira; kotero zitsanzozi zimakhala ndi ma mufflers ang'onoang'ono.