Kusankha maikolofoni

Chinsinsi chojambulira bwino maikolofoni ndikukhazikitsa molondola gwero la mawu molingana ndi maikolofoni ndi ma acoustics a chipinda chomwe mukujambuliramo. M'nkhaniyi, njira yoyendetsera maikolofoni imakhala yotsimikizika.

Nthawi zambiri zimaganiziridwa kuti komwe ma acoustics amkati sali opindulitsa, timagwiritsa ntchito ma maikolofoni a mphukira, omwe samamva bwino kwambiri pamawu akumbali ndi kumbuyo. Komabe, munthu ayenera kukumbukira za kuyandikira kwawo, i.e. kuika mamvekedwe otsika pamene maikolofoni akuyandikira gwero la mawu. Chifukwa chake, kuyika maikolofoni kudzafuna kuyesa kwina pankhaniyi.

Ngati tili ndi chipinda chokhala ndi mawu omvera omwe tingafune kuphatikiza pakuwombera kwathu, maikolofoni ozungulira omwe amakhala ndi chidwi chofanana ndi ma siginecha ochokera mbali zonse amagwira bwino ntchito. Komabe, maikolofoni a XNUMX-note, amakana kwathunthu zomveka kuchokera kumbali, amangoyankha phokoso kuchokera kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo, zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala oyenera zipinda zomwe mbali imodzi yokha ya ma acoustics a chipinda imakhala yabwino kwambiri pa mawu.

Makhalidwe owerenga

Pogwiritsa ntchito mafupipafupi ndi kuyankha kwamayendedwe a AKG C-414 condenser maikolofoni mwachitsanzo, tiyeni tiwone momwe tingawerengere mitundu iyi ya ma graph. Iwo ndi ofunika kwambiri kwa ife chifukwa amatilola kulosera khalidwe la maikolofoni pazochitika zinazake.

Chikhalidwechi chikuwonetsa mulingo wa siginecha pakutulutsa kwa maikolofoni kutengera kuchuluka kwa siginecha yamayimbidwe. Kuyang'ana, tikuwona kuti mumitundu yofikira 2 kHz ndi yofananira (makhota obiriwira, abuluu ndi akuda amawonetsa mawonekedwe atatha kuyatsa fyuluta yotsika yamitundu yosiyanasiyana). Maikolofoni imatenga ma frequency pang'ono mumtundu wa 5-6kHz ndikuwonetsa kuchepa kwa magwiridwe antchito pamwamba pa 15kHz.

Khalidwe lolunjika, i.e. mtundu wa graph ya kukhudzika kwa maikolofoni, yowonedwa ndi maso a mbalame. Mbali yakumanzere ya graph ikuwonetsa mawonekedwe amayendedwe kuchokera ku 125 mpaka 1000 Hz, komanso momwemonso kuchokera pa 2 zikwi kupita kumanja. mpaka 16k Hz (mitundu yamtunduwu nthawi zambiri imakhala yofanana, kotero palibe chifukwa choyimira semicircle yachiwiri). Kutsika kwafupipafupi kumakhala kozungulira kwambiri. Pamene mafupipafupi akuwonjezeka, chikhalidwecho chimachepa ndipo kukhudzidwa kwa zizindikiro zochokera kumbali ndi kumbuyo kumatsika kwambiri.

Mkati mwake, maikolofoni yotere

Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa otchedwa Acoustic maikolofoni zishango sikumakhudza phokoso la maikolofoni kotero kumalola kuchepetsa mlingo wa chizindikiro chowonekera kuchokera ku makoma a chipindacho, ndipo potero kuthandizira kusokoneza maonekedwe a phokoso la mkati mwa pang'ono. chidwi pankhaniyi.

Ngati studio yanu ili ndi zinthu zambiri zowonongeka-makatani olemera, makapu, mipando ya fluffy, ndi zina zotero-mudzakhala ndi phokoso louma ndi losamveka. Izi sizikutanthauza kuti zipinda zoterezi sizoyenera kujambula, mwachitsanzo, mawu. Pali opanga ambiri omwe amalemba mwadala mawu awo m'zipinda zotere, ndikuzisiya kuti apange malo ofunikira pogwiritsa ntchito ma processor a digito. Komabe, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti malo amtunduwu amatha kusokoneza kwambiri ntchito ya oimba, zomwe sizoyenera kujambula bwino. Oimba amakonda kumva "mpweya pang'ono" mozungulira iwo, ndichifukwa chake oimba ena amakonda kuyimba m'zipinda zazikulu.

Maikolofoni ena ndi oyenererana ndi mapulogalamu enaake kuposa ena, ndiye ndikofunikira kuganizira ma maikolofoni omwe mungagwiritse ntchito musanayambe kujambula. Zinthu zomwe ziyenera kuganiziridwa ndi bandwidth ndi mawonekedwe a sonic a gwero la mawu, komanso kuchuluka kwa kuthamanga komwe amapanga. Nthawi zina chuma chimakhalanso pachiwopsezo - simuyenera kugwiritsa ntchito maikolofoni okwera mtengo pazinthu zomveka zomwe analogue yotsika mtengo komanso yopezeka mosavuta ndiyokwanira.

Nyimbo ndi magitala

Akamajambulitsa mawu, mainjiniya ambiri amawu amakonda maikolofoni akuluakulu a diaphragm condenser okhala ndi kuyankha kwa impso. Maikolofoni a riboni akugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazifukwa izi. Ndikoyeneranso kuyesa kuwona momwe mawu anu amamvekera ndi maikolofoni yamphamvu ngati Shure SM57/SM58. Zomalizazi zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'ma studio pomwe mawu okweza kwambiri komanso ankhanza amajambulidwa, monga nyimbo za rock, zitsulo kapena za punk.

Pankhani yojambulira gitala amp, ma maikolofoni amphamvu ndiye yankho labwino kwambiri, ngakhale mainjiniya ena amawu amagwiritsa ntchito mitundu yaying'ono ya diaphragm condenser komanso maikolofoni akulu akulu a diaphragm.

Monga momwe zimakhalira ndi mawu, ma microphone a riboni akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kwa nthawi ndithu, zomwe, popanda kukokomeza kuwonekera kwa maulendo apamwamba, zimakulolani kuwombera mogwira mtima mu bass ndi mids. Pankhani ya maikolofoni ya riboni, malo ake olondola ndi ofunikira kwambiri - chowonadi ndichakuti sichingayikidwe mofananira ndi ndege ya zokuzira mawu, chifukwa izi zitha kuyambitsa kupotoza kwapang'onopang'ono, ndipo nthawi zambiri kuwononga maikolofoni ya riboni. (ma maikolofoni amtunduwu amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi ndege ya olankhula). kugunda molunjika).

Kujambula kwa bass nthawi zambiri kumachitika m'njira ziwiri - mzere-in, i.e. molunjika kuchokera ku chida, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito maikolofoni yolumikizidwa ndi amplifier, pamene ma microphone akuluakulu a diaphragm condenser ndi ma microphone amphamvu amagwiritsidwanso ntchito pojambula maikolofoni. Pamapeto pake, opanga amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito maikolofoni opangidwira ng'oma za kick, omwe mawonekedwe awo amagwiranso ntchito bwino pakujambula kwa bass.

Gitala wamayimbidwe

Maikolofoni amtundu wa AKG C414 ndi ena mwa maikolofoni osunthika kwambiri pamsika. Amapereka mawonekedwe asanu osinthika.

Ma gitala acoustic ndi zida zina za zingwe ndi zina mwa zokongola kwambiri komanso nthawi yomweyo zovuta kwambiri kujambula magwero amawu. Kwawo, ma mics osinthika sagwira ntchito ndendende, koma zojambulira zokhala ndi ma condenser mics — zazikulu ndi zazing’ono zojambulidwa —nthawi zambiri zimagwira ntchito bwino. Pali gulu lalikulu la mainjiniya amawu omwe amagwiritsa ntchito maikolofoni pamagawo otere, koma si onse omwe ali ndi luso lothana ndi izi. Kwa gitala lomveka bwino, ma maikolofoni awiri akuyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito - imodzi yokhala ndi diaphragm yayikulu yomwe imatha kukwezedwa patali pang'ono ndi chidacho kuti tipewe kumveka kwa bass kumabwera kudzera pabowo la bokosi, ndi diaphragm yaying'ono yomwe nthawi zambiri imalunjika. XNUMX fret wa gitala.

Zoyeserera zikuwonetsa kuti m'ma studio apanyumba, ma maikolofoni ang'onoang'ono a diaphragm ndiye yankho labwino kwambiri, chifukwa amapereka kumveka kokwanira komanso kuthamanga kwa mawu. Kuyikanso sikulinso vuto ngati ma diaphragm mics akulu. Zomalizazi, m'malo mwake, ndizabwino mu studio yojambulira akatswiri, m'zipinda zokhala ndi ma acoustics abwino. Magitala amawu ojambulidwa motere nthawi zambiri amamveka momveka bwino, ndi kuchuluka koyenera kwakuya ndi tanthauzo.

zida zamphepo

Pojambulitsa zida zowulutsira mawu, maikolofoni ya riboni ndiyomwe amaikonda kwambiri mainjiniya ambiri amawu. Popeza kuyankha kwa chipinda ndikofunikira kwambiri pakumveka kwa chida chamtunduwu, mawonekedwe ake a octal directional ndi mawu enieni omwe samakokomeza ma toni apamwamba amagwira bwino ntchito pano. Maikolofoni akuluakulu a diaphragm condenser angagwiritsidwenso ntchito, koma zitsanzo zokhala ndi octal response (ma microphone osinthika ndi omwe amapezeka kwambiri) ayenera kusankhidwa. Ma Tube mics amagwira ntchito bwino muzochitika izi.

piyano

chida chomwe sichimajambulidwa kawirikawiri mu studio yakunyumba. Ndikoyenera kudziwa kuti njira yake yolondola ndi luso lenileni, makamaka chifukwa cha malo akuluakulu omwe phokoso limapangidwira, maulendo afupipafupi ndi machitidwe. Pazojambula za piyano, ma maikolofoni ang'onoang'ono ndi akuluakulu a diaphragm condenser amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, ndi maikolofoni awiri a omnidirectional, kutali pang'ono ndi chida, chokhala ndi chivindikiro, amapereka zotsatira zabwino. Mkhalidwe, komabe, ndi mawu abwino a chipinda chojambulira. Mwezi wamawa, tiwona njira zojambulira ng'oma zamawu kuchokera pa maikolofoni. Mutuwu ndi umodzi mwamagawo omwe amakambidwa kwambiri pantchito ya studio.