Kodi mukudziwa tanthauzo la zilembo izi?
Magalimoto amakono amangodzaza ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamakina, ntchito yake yayikulu ndikuwonjezera chitetezo komanso chitonthozo choyendetsa. Zotsirizirazi zimasonyezedwa ndi zilembo zochepa chabe zomwe nthawi zambiri zimatanthauza zochepa kwa ogwiritsa ntchito galimoto. M'nkhaniyi, tidzayesetsa osati kufotokoza tanthauzo lawo, komanso kufotokoza mfundo ya ntchito ndi malo mu magalimoto operekedwa ndi otchuka kwambiri opanga magalimoto.
Wamba, koma kodi amadziwika?
Chimodzi mwazinthu zodziwika bwino komanso zodziwika bwino zomwe zimakhudza chitetezo chagalimoto ndi anti-lock brake system, i.e. ABS (eng. Anti-lock braking system). Mfundo ya ntchito yake imachokera ku kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka magudumu, kochitidwa ndi masensa. Ngati mmodzi wa iwo atembenuka pang'onopang'ono kuposa ena, ABS imachepetsa mphamvu ya braking kuti ipewe kupanikizana. Kuyambira July 2006, magalimoto onse atsopano ogulitsidwa ku European Union, kuphatikizapo Poland, ayenera kukhala ndi ABS.
Dongosolo lofunikira lomwe limayikidwa pamagalimoto amakono ndi njira yowunikira matayala. TPMS (kuchokera ku eng. Tire pressure monitoring system). Mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito imachokera ku kuyang'anira kuthamanga kwa tayala ndi kuchenjeza dalaivala ngati ili yotsika kwambiri. Izi zimachitika nthawi zambiri ndi masensa opanda zingwe omwe amaikidwa mkati mwa matayala kapena pa ma valve, ndi machenjezo omwe akuwonetsedwa pa dashboard (njira yolunjika). Kumbali inayi, mumtundu wapakatikati, kuthamanga kwa tayala sikuyesedwa mosalekeza, koma mtengo wake umawerengedwa pamaziko a pulses kuchokera ku machitidwe a ABS kapena ESP. Malamulo aku Europe adapangitsa kuti ma sensor opanikizika azikhala ovomerezeka pamagalimoto onse atsopano kuyambira mu Novembala 2014 (kale TPMS inali yovomerezeka pamagalimoto okhala ndi matayala othamanga).
Dongosolo lina lodziwika lomwe limabwera mokhazikika pamagalimoto onse ndi Electronic Stability Program, yofupikitsidwa ESP (jap. Electronic stabilization program). Ntchito yake yayikulu ndikuchepetsa kutsetsereka kwagalimoto poyendetsa m'mphepete mwa misewu. Masensa akazindikira zinthu ngati zimenezi, makina amagetsi amaboola gudumu limodzi kapena angapo kuti ayende bwino. Kuphatikiza apo, ESP imasokoneza kuwongolera kwa injini pozindikira kuchuluka kwa mathamangitsidwe. Pansi odziwika chidule ESP, dongosolo ntchito ndi Audi, Citroen, Fiat, Hyundai, Jeep, Mercedes, Opel (Vauxhall), Peugeot, Renault, Saab, Skoda, Suzuki ndi Volkswagen. Pachidule china - DSC, angapezeke mu BMW, Ford, Jaguar, Land Rover, Mazda, Volvo magalimoto (pansi pa chidule pang'ono kukodzedwa - DSTC). Mawu ena a ESP omwe angapezeke m'magalimoto: VSA (yogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi Honda), VSC (Toyota, Lexus) kapena VDC - Subaru, Nissan, Infiniti, Alfa Romeo.
Zosadziwika koma zofunika
Tsopano ndi nthawi ya machitidwe omwe akuyenera kukhala mugalimoto yanu. Mmodzi wa iwo ndi ASR (kuchokera ku English Acceleration Slip Regulation),ndi. dongosolo lomwe limalepheretsa kuthamanga kwa magudumu poyambira. ASR imatsutsana ndi kutsetsereka kwa mawilo omwe galimotoyo imatumizidwa, pogwiritsa ntchito masensa apadera. Womalizayo akazindikira skid (kutsetsereka) kwa limodzi la mawilo, dongosolo limatchinga. Pakachitika skid yonse ya axle, zamagetsi zimachepetsa mphamvu ya injini pochepetsa kuthamanga.Mumitundu yakale yamagalimoto, makina amatengera ABS, pomwe mumitundu yatsopano, ESP yatenga ntchito ya dongosololi. Dongosololi ndiloyenera kwambiri kuyendetsa m'nyengo yozizira komanso magalimoto okhala ndi mphamvu zamagetsi. Otchedwa ASR, dongosolo ili anaika pa Mercedes, Fiat, Rover ndi Volkswagen. Monga TCS, tidzakumana ku Ford, Saab, Mazda ndi Chevrolet, TRC ku Toyota ndi DSC ku BMW.
Dongosolo lofunikira komanso lofunikira ndi njira yothandizira ma braking mwadzidzidzi - BAS (kuchokera ku English Brake Assist System). Imathandiza dalaivala mumsewu womwe umafunika kuyankha mwachangu. Dongosolo limalumikizidwa ndi sensa yomwe imatsimikizira kuthamanga kwa kukanikiza chopondapo cha brake. Zikachitika mwadzidzidzi kuchokera kwa dalaivala, dongosolo limawonjezera kupanikizika mu dongosolo la brake. Pachifukwa ichi, mphamvu ya braking imafika mofulumira kwambiri. Mu mtundu wapamwamba kwambiri wa BAS system, magetsi owopsa amayatsidwanso kapena ma brake magetsi amawunikira kuchenjeza madalaivala ena. Dongosololi tsopano likukulirakulira kuwonjezereka kwadongosolo la ABS. BAS imayikidwa pansi pa dzina ili, kapena BA mwachidule, pamagalimoto ambiri. Mu magalimoto French, tikhoza kupeza chidule AFU.
Dongosolo lomwe limapangitsa kuti chitetezo chagalimoto chikhale bwino, ndiyenso dongosolo EBD (Eng. Electronic Brakeforce Distribution), chomwe ndi chowongolera chogawa ma brake force. Mfundo ntchito zachokera kukhathamiritsa basi kukhathamiritsa braking mphamvu ya munthu mawilo, kuti galimoto amasunga njanji anasankha. Izi ndizothandiza makamaka pochepetsa mapindikidwe amsewu. EBD ndi ABS booster system yomwe nthawi zambiri imakhala yokhazikika pamagalimoto atsopano.
Oyenera kuyamikiridwa
Pakati pa machitidwe omwe amatsimikizira chitetezo choyendetsa galimoto, tingapezenso machitidwe omwe amawonjezera chitonthozo cha kuyenda. Mmodzi wa iwo ndi ACC (English adaptive cruise control),ndi. yogwira cruise control. Iyi ndi njira yodziwika bwino yoyendetsa maulendo apanyanja, yowonjezeredwa ndi makina oyendetsa mofulumira malinga ndi momwe magalimoto alili. Ntchito yake yofunika kwambiri ndikukhala kutali ndi galimoto yomwe ili kutsogolo. Ikakhazikitsa liwiro linalake, galimotoyo imatsika pang'onopang'ono ngati palinso brake pamsewu wakutsogolo, ndipo imathamanga ikazindikira njira yaulere. ACC imadziwikanso ndi mayina ena. Mwachitsanzo, BMW amagwiritsa ntchito mawu akuti "active cruise control" pamene Mercedes amagwiritsa ntchito mayina Speedtronic kapena Distronic Plus.
Kuyang'ana mafoda okhala ndi mitundu yatsopano yamagalimoto, nthawi zambiri timapeza chidule chake AFL (Adaptive Forward Lighting). Awa ndi magetsi otchedwa adaptive headlights, omwe amasiyana ndi nyali zachikhalidwe chifukwa amakulolani kuti muwunikire ngodya. Ntchito yawo ikhoza kuchitidwa m'njira ziwiri: static ndi dynamic. M'magalimoto omwe ali ndi magetsi osasunthika, kuwonjezera pa nyali zanthawi zonse, magetsi othandizira (monga magetsi a chifunga) amathanso kuyatsidwa. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, m’makina ounikira amphamvu, nyali yakutsogolo imatsatira kayendedwe ka chiwongolero. Makina oyendera nyali akumutu amapezeka nthawi zambiri m'magawo ang'onoang'ono okhala ndi nyali za bi-xenon.
M'pofunikanso kulabadira kanjira chenjezo dongosolo. AFIL ndondomekochifukwa ndi za izo, akuchenjeza kuwoloka njira yosankhidwa pogwiritsa ntchito makamera omwe ali kutsogolo kwa galimotoyo. Amatsatira momwe magalimoto amayendera, kutsatira mizere yojambulidwa panjira, kulekanitsa mayendedwe apawokha. Pakagundana popanda chizindikiro chotembenukira, dongosolo limachenjeza dalaivala ndi phokoso kapena kuwala. Dongosolo la AFIL limayikidwa pamagalimoto a Citroen.
Nayenso, pansi pa dzina Kuthandizira Panjira titha kuzipeza mu Honda ndi magalimoto operekedwa ndi gulu la VAG (Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft).
Dongosolo loyenera kulangizidwa, makamaka kwa iwo omwe nthawi zambiri amayenda mtunda wautali, ndi Chenjezo la oyendetsa. Iyi ndi njira yomwe imayang'anira kutopa kwa dalaivala pofufuza mosalekeza momwe mayendedwe akuyenda komanso kusalala kwa mayendedwe a chiwongolero amasungidwa. Malingana ndi deta yomwe yasonkhanitsidwa, dongosololi limazindikira makhalidwe omwe angasonyeze kugona kwa oyendetsa galimoto, mwachitsanzo, ndiyeno amawachenjeza ndi kuwala ndi chizindikiro chomveka. Dongosolo la Driver Alert limagwiritsidwa ntchito ku Volkswagen (Passat, Focus), ndipo pansi pa dzina lakuti Attention Assist - ku Mercedes (makalasi E ndi S).
Iwo (pakadali pano) ndi zida chabe…
Ndipo potsiriza, machitidwe angapo omwe amawongolera chitetezo cha galimoto, koma ali ndi zovuta zosiyanasiyana - kuchokera ku luso mpaka pamtengo, choncho ayenera kuthandizidwa - osachepera pano - monga zida zosangalatsa. Chimodzi mwa tchipisi izi BLIS (Chingerezi Blind Spot Information System), amene ntchito yake ndi kuchenjeza za kukhalapo kwa galimoto mu otchedwa. "Dera lakhungu". Mfundo ya ntchito yake imachokera pa makamera omwe amaikidwa m'magalasi am'mbali ndikugwirizanitsa ndi kuwala kochenjeza komwe kumachenjeza magalimoto mu malo osaphimbidwa ndi magalasi akunja. Dongosolo la BLIS lidayambitsidwa koyamba ndi Volvo, ndipo tsopano likupezeka kuchokera kwa opanga ena - komanso pansi pa dzina Thandizo lotsatira. Choyipa chachikulu cha dongosololi ndi mtengo wake wokwera: ngati musankha chosankha, mwachitsanzo ku Volvo, mtengo wowonjezera ndi pafupifupi. zloti.
chidwi yankho kwambiri. Chitetezo cha mzindawo, ndiko kuti, makina oyendetsa mabasiketi. Malingaliro ake ndikuletsa kugunda kapena kuchepetsa zotsatira zake mpaka liwiro la 30 km / h. Zimagwira ntchito pamaziko a ma radar omwe amaikidwa m'galimoto. Ikazindikira kuti galimoto yomwe ili kutsogoloyo ikuyandikira mofulumira, galimotoyo imangogwira mabuleki. Ngakhale yankholi liri lothandiza pamagalimoto akumidzi, choyipa chake chachikulu ndikuti chimangopereka chitetezo chokwanira pa liwiro la 15 km / h. Izi zikuyenera kusintha posachedwa pomwe wopanga akuti mtundu wotsatira upereka chitetezo pa liwiro la 50-100 km/h. City Safety ndi muyezo pa Volvo XC60 (poyamba ntchito kumeneko), komanso S60 ndi V60. Mu Ford, dongosololi limatchedwa Active City Stop ndipo pankhani ya Focus ndalama zowonjezera 1,6 zikwi. PLN (imapezeka m'mitundu yolemera ya Hardware).
Chida chodziwika bwino ndi makina ozindikira zizindikiro zamagalimoto. TSR (Chizindikiritso cha zilembo zamagalimoto mu Chingerezi). Iyi ndi njira yomwe imazindikira zizindikiro za pamsewu ndikudziwitsa dalaivala za izo. Izi zimatenga mawonekedwe a machenjezo ndi mauthenga omwe akuwonetsedwa pa dashboard. Dongosolo la TSR limatha kugwira ntchito m'njira ziwiri: potengera zomwe zalandilidwa kuchokera ku kamera yomwe idayikidwa kutsogolo kwagalimoto, kapena mu mawonekedwe owonjezera ndi kufananiza kwa data kuchokera ku kamera ndi GPS navigation. Chotsalira chachikulu cha dongosolo lozindikiritsa zizindikiro za magalimoto ndi kusalondola kwake. Dongosololi likhoza kusocheretsa dalaivala, mwachitsanzo, ponena kuti n’zotheka kuyendetsa pa liwiro lapamwamba kwambiri m’gawo linalake kuposa mmene zisonyezedwera ndi zizindikiro zenizeni za m’misewu. Dongosolo la TSR limaperekedwa, mwa zina, mu Renault Megane Gradcoupe yatsopano (yokhazikika pamalingo apamwamba kwambiri). Itha kupezekanso m'magalimoto ambiri apamwamba, koma pamenepo, kuyika kwake kosankha kungawononge ma zloty masauzande angapo.
Yafika nthawi yomaliza ya machitidwe a "gadget" omwe akufotokozedwa m'nkhani ino, yomwe - ndiyenera kuvomereza - ndinali ndi vuto lalikulu pamene ndikuyiyika m'magulu othandiza. Izi ndiye mgwirizano NV, nawonso achidule NVA (kuchokera ku English Night Vision Assist), yotchedwa dongosolo la masomphenya a usiku. Iyenera kupangitsa kuti dalaivala aziwona msewu mosavuta, makamaka usiku kapena nyengo yoipa. Mayankho awiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu machitidwe a NV (NVA), omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zotchedwa passive or active night vision. Mayankho a Passive amagwiritsa ntchito kuwala komwe kulipo koyenera. Njanji zogwira ntchito - zowunikira zowonjezera za IR. Muzochitika zonsezi, makamera amajambula chithunzicho. Kenako imawonetsedwa paziwonetsero zomwe zili mu dashboard kapena mwachindunji pagalasi lagalimoto lagalimoto. Panopa, kachitidwe masomphenya usiku angapezeke ambiri apamwamba mapeto ngakhale m'ma osiyanasiyana operekedwa ndi Mercedes, BMW, Toyota, Lexus, Audi ndi Honda. Ngakhale kuti amawonjezera chitetezo (makamaka poyendetsa kunja kwa madera okhala anthu), drawback yawo yaikulu ndi mtengo wokwera kwambiri, mwachitsanzo, muyenera kulipira ndalama zomwezo kuti mubwereze BMW 7 Series ndi dongosolo la masomphenya a usiku. ngati 10 zikwi zlo.
Mutha kudziwa zambiri zamakina ndi machitidwe omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamagalimoto athu Oyeretsa magalimoto: https://www.autocentrum.pl/motoslownik/
