Zothandizira zolondera zombo za Médoc ndi Pomerol

Wophulitsa bomba waku Germany akuwumiza ndi OF Médoc precision torpedo (yojambulidwa molakwika apa ndi mbali yolemba Pomerol). Kujambula ndi Adam Werka.

Dziko la France linasiya nkhondo yomwe inayamba pa May 10, 1940, patangodutsa masiku 43 kuchokera pamene Germany inaukira. Panthawi ya Blitzkrieg, yomwe inabweretsa kupambana kwakukulu kwa asilikali a Germany, Benito Mussolini, mtsogoleri wa gulu lachifasi ku Italy, adaganiza zolowa nawo dziko lake.

ndi Germany, kulengeza nkhondo pa Allies. “Lousy bulldog” ameneyu, monga momwe Adolf Hitler anatchulira Winston Churchill muukali wothedwa nzeru, anadziŵa kuti pofuna kulimbana ndi mkuntho wa Axis ndi kukhala ndi mwaŵi wakupambana komaliza, Britain sakanataya mwayi wake panyanja. A British adakhalabe malo okhawo omwe adatsimikiza kukana ziwawa za ku Germany, pokhala ndi ogwirizana okha okhulupirika panthawiyi: Czechs, Norwegians ndi Poles. Chilumbachi chinayamba kukonza chitetezo pamtunda ndi kulimbikitsa asilikali ake apanyanja ku English Channel ndi kum'mwera kwa North Sea. N'zosadabwitsa kuti British Admiralty inaganiza mwachangu kuti igwire ndikumaliza ngalawa iliyonse yomwe imayenera kugwira ntchito ngati sitima yankhondo komanso yokhala ndi mfuti ndi mfuti zotsutsana ndi ndege (pambuyo pake zimatchedwa mfuti zotsutsana ndi ndege), "zokonzeka" kumenyana ndi gulu lililonse lankhondo. .

Pa nthawi ya kugonja kwa France, madoko a kum'mwera kwa England - mu Plymouth ndi mbali ya Devonport, Southampton, Dartmouth ndi Portsmouth - anali oposa 200 French zombo zamitundu yosiyanasiyana, kuchokera zombo zankhondo kuti zombo zing'onozing'ono ndi formations ang'onoang'ono wothandiza. Iwo anafika mbali ina ya English Channel chifukwa cha kusamuka kwa madoko a kumpoto kwa France pakati pa mapeto a May ndi 20 June. Zimadziwika kuti mwa masauzande ambiri oyenda panyanja, ambiri mwa maofesala, maofesala omwe sanatumizidwe komanso amalinyero amathandizira boma la Vichy (2/3 la dzikolo linali pansi pa ulamuliro wa Germany) motsogozedwa ndi Wachiwiri kwa Prime Minister Pierre Laval, osafuna kutenga nawo mbali. ntchito zina zapamadzi pamodzi ndi Royal Navy.

Pa July 1, General de Gaulle anasankha Vadmus mkulu wa asilikali apamadzi a Free French. Émile Muselier, yemwe amayang'anira malamulo ankhondo apamadzi pansi pa mbendera ya tricolor ndi Cross of Lorraine.

Zikuoneka kuti kumapeto kwa June, lamulo la ku France linali kuganizira za kusamutsa zombozo ku North Africa. Kwa a British, chisankho choterocho sichinali chovomerezeka, chifukwa panali ngozi yaikulu kuti zina mwa zombozi zikhoza kukhala pansi pa ulamuliro wa Germany. Pamene zoyesayesa zonse zonyengerera zinalephera, usiku wa July 2-3, magulu ankhondo oyendetsa ngalawa ndi apanyanja achifumu adagwira zombo za ku France mokakamiza. Malinga ndi malipoti aku France, mwa asitikali pafupifupi 15, maofesala 000 okha ndi asitikali 20 omwe sanatumizidwe komanso amalinyero adalengeza kuti amathandizira Muselier. Oyendetsa ngalawa amene anachirikiza boma la Vichy anatsekeredwa ndi kubwezeredwa ku France.

Pofuna kuletsa dziko la Germany kulanda zombo zonse za ku France, Churchill analamula kuti amangidwe kapena, ngati atalephera kuwagwira, kumira kwa zombo zapamadzi zomwe zinaima pang’ono m’madoko a ku France ndi ku France. Gulu lankhondo la ku France ku Alexandria linadzipereka kwa a British, ndipo kulephera kwa asilikali otsala a Royal Navy 3-8 July 1940 anaukira.

ndipo anawononga pang’ono zombo za ku France ku Mers-el-Kebir pafupi ndi Oran; kuphatikiza. sitima yankhondo ya Brittany inamira ndipo mayunitsi ena angapo anawonongeka. Pazochita zonse zotsutsana ndi Royal Navy, oyendetsa sitima a ku France a 1297 adafera pamalowa aku Algeria, pafupifupi 350 adavulala.

Ngakhale kuti zombo zazikulu za ku France zinakhazikika m'madoko a Chingerezi, kwenikweni kupambana kwake kunakhala kopanda pake chifukwa cha kusowa kwa ogwira ntchito komanso osakhala ofunika kwambiri. Njira yokhayo yothetsera inali kusamutsira mbali ina ya magulu ankhondo apanyanja kupita ku zombo zogwirizana nazo. Malingaliro otere adalandiridwa, kuphatikiza Netherlands, Norway ndi Poland. Pankhani yomalizayi, adafuna kuti apite ku UK komwe kuli mbendera ya French squadron - sitima yankhondo "Paris". Ngakhale zimawoneka kuti mlanduwu utha, zomwe, zimatha kukweza kutchuka kwa WWI, pamapeto pake, Naval Command (KMV) idayamikira kuti, kuwonjezera pa propaganda dimension.

Ndalama zoyendetsera zombo zankhondo zosatha zomwe zakhala zikugwira ntchito kuyambira 1914 zidzapangitsa kuti zombo zazing'ono za ku Poland ziwononge ndalama zambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, pa liwiro lotsika kwambiri (mafundo 21), panali kuthekera kwakukulu koyimiza ndi sitima yapamadzi. Panalibenso maofesala okwanira ndi maofesala omwe sanatumizidwe (m'chilimwe cha 1940, PMW ku Great Britain anali ndi maofesala 11 ndi 1397 osatumizidwa ndi oyendetsa sitima) omwe amatha kudzaza chitsulo - chifukwa cha zinthu zaku Poland - colossus ndi kusamuka kwathunthu kwa oposa 25 matani, amene anatumikira pafupifupi 000 anthu.

Kumbuyo kwa Admiral Jerzy Svirsky, mtsogoleri wa KMW ku London, atataya wowononga ORP Grom pa May 4, 1940 ku Rombakkenfjord pafupi ndi Narvik, adapempha kuti apeze ngalawa yatsopano ku British Admiralty. Admiral Sir Dudley Pound, First Sea Lord ndi Commander-in-Chief wa Royal Navy kuyambira 1939-1943, poyankha mafunso ochokera kwa mutu wa KMW, analemba m'kalata ya 14 July 1940:

Wokondedwa admiral,

Ndikumvetsetsa momwe mukufunira kuwononga wowononga watsopanoyo ndi anthu anu, koma monga mukudziwa, tikuchita zonse zomwe tingathe kuti tipeze owononga ambiri momwe tingathere.

Monga momwe mwawonera bwino, ndikuwopa kuti pakadali pano ndizosatheka kugawa wowononga kuti athandize gulu latsopano.

Chifukwa chake, ndikukhudzidwa kuti sitingasamutsire kwa inu [wowononga - M.B.] "Galant" pazifukwa pamwambapa. Ponena za [wowononga waku France - M. B.] Le Triomphante, sanakonzekere kupita kunyanja ndipo pakadali pano akufuna kukhala mtsogoleri wa admiral wakumbuyo polamula owononga. Komabe, ndikufuna kunena kuti amuna omwe muli nawo atha kuyendetsedwa ndi sitima yapamadzi ya ku France yotchedwa Hurricane ndi zombo za ku France za Pomerol ndi Medoc, komanso zothamangitsa sitima zapamadzi za Ch 11 ndi Ch 15. Ngati ndi choncho kwa inu. , zingalimbikitse kwambiri mphamvu zathu m’madzi a m’mphepete mwa nyanja m’nyengo yoyambirira ino, yomwe ili yofunika kwambiri kwa ife. Tikulingalira za kuthekera kwakusamutsa sitima yankhondo yaku France ku Paris kwa inu, ngati palibe zotsutsana, zomwe sindikudziwa.

Sindikudziwa ngati mukudziwa kuti pankhani ya zombo za ku France zomwe zimayendetsedwa ndi ogwira ntchito ku Britain, adaganiza kuti zombozi ziziyenda pansi pa mbendera za Britain ndi France, ndipo ngati titakhala ndi sitima ya ku France ndi antchito a ku Poland, awiri. Mbendera za ku Poland ndi ku France ziyenera kuulutsidwa . .

Ndingakhale wokondwa ngati mungandidziwitse ngati mungathe kuyendetsa zombo zomwe zatchulidwa pamwambapa ndi antchito anu komanso ngati mungavomereze kuti mbendera ya dziko iwuluke monga pamwambapa.