Nthawi zonse ma wheel drive, i.e. chithunzithunzi cha makina oyendetsa 4 × 4

Pazaka 20 zapitazi, kuyendetsa kwa 4 × 4 kwapanga ntchito yabwino. Anachoka ku ma SUV kupita ku magalimoto onyamula anthu. Werengani kalozera wathu wamakina onse a axle drive.

Magalimoto anayi, ofupikitsidwa ngati 4 × 4, amalumikizidwa makamaka ndi magalimoto apamsewu. Ntchito yake ndikuwongolera kuyenda, etc. kulimba mtima kwapamsewu, i.e. kutha kuthana ndi zopinga. Kuyendetsa kwa 4x4 kumagwiranso ntchito yofanana ndi galimoto wamba kapena SUV. Koma mu nkhani iyi, sitikulankhula za luso lodutsa dziko, koma kuchepetsa kuthekera kwa skidding, i.e. komanso za kuwongolera mayendedwe apamsewu.

Onaninso: Mitundu ya 4 × 4 zimbale - chithunzi

Komabe, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti pansi pa mawu akuti "drive 4 × 4" mitundu yambiri ya mayankho ndi machitidwe amabisika.

- Kuyendetsa kwa 4 × 4 kumagwira ntchito mosiyana m'galimoto yapamsewu yapamsewu, yapamsewu, komanso yapamsewu wamba, akufotokoza Tomasz Budny, wokonda magalimoto apamsewu komanso mawonekedwe apamsewu.

Kuchulukirachulukira kwa yankho ili pamagalimoto onyamula anthu kumayendetsedwa ndi mitundu iwiri: Subaru ndi Audi. Makamaka pamapeto pake, dzina la quattro, yankho la eni eni kuchokera kwa wopanga waku Germany, ladziwonetsa bwino.

- The quattro drive tsopano ndi mtundu wa Audi. Malingana ndi chitsanzo, njira zosiyanasiyana zamakono zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Pakalipano, Audi iliyonse yachinayi imagulitsidwa mu quattro version, akuti Dr. Grzegorz Laskowski, wamkulu wa maphunziro ku Kulczyk Tradex, yemwe ndi woimira Polish wa Audi.

Magalimoto omangika

Dongosolo la XNUMX-axle drive ndi nkhani yamagalimoto apamsewu. Ambiri mwa magalimotowa ali ndi magalimoto owonjezera. Ekseli imodzi yokha (nthawi zambiri kumbuyo) imayendetsedwa nthawi zonse, ndipo dalaivala amasankha kuyatsa drive kupita kutsogolo ngati kuli kofunikira.

Mpaka posachedwa, pafupifupi ma SUV onse anali ndi zingwe ziwiri zowongolera mu kanyumba - imodzi ndi bokosi la gear, ina yokhala ndi kusiyana pakati, yomwe ntchito yake ndi kulumikiza galimotoyo ku chitsulo china. M'ma SUV amakono, lever iyi yalandidwa ndi masiwichi ang'onoang'ono, ma knobs kapena mabatani omwe amatsegula 4 × 4 pakompyuta.

Onaninso: Turbo m'galimoto - mphamvu zambiri, koma zovuta zambiri. Wotsogolera

Kupititsa patsogolo kuyenda, SUV iliyonse yodzilemekeza imakhalanso ndi bokosi la gear, i.e. makina omwe amawonjezera torque yomwe imatumizidwa kumawilo chifukwa cha liwiro.

Pomaliza, kwa ma SUV omwe amati kwambiri, magalimoto okhala ndi masiyanidwe apakati ndi maloko osiyanitsira pama axles amapangidwa. Dongosolo loterolo limapezeka, mwachitsanzo, mu Jeep Wrangler.

- Chitsanzochi chili ndi mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito mitundu itatu yamagetsi yamagetsi - kutsogolo, pakati ndi kumbuyo. Yankholi limapereka kuyankha mwachangu pakusintha kwamayendedwe oyendetsa komanso kutumiza ma torque, akufotokoza Krzysztof Klos, Katswiri wa Zamalonda ku Jeep Poland.

Pulagi kutsogolo-gudumu pagalimoto ntchito, makamaka, mu Opel Frontera, Nissan Navara, Suzuki Jimny, Toyota Hilux.

Makina oyendetsa

Ngakhale kuti pali mphamvu zambiri zogonjetsa zopinga, plug-in drive ili ndi malire. Choyamba, sichingagwiritsidwe ntchito pamalo olimba, ndiko kuti, kunja kwa msewu. Kachiwiri, ndizolemera komanso sizoyenera magalimoto ang'onoang'ono. Okonzawo anayenera kuyang'ana chinthu china.

Njira yothetsera vutoli ndi ma multiplate clutches: viscous, electromechanical kapena electromagnetic. Amasewera gawo la kusiyanitsa pakati, ndipo mawonekedwe awo omwe amafanana ndi kuwongolera kwachangu kwa ma axle omwe amafunikira pakadali pano. Nthawi zambiri ekisi imodzi yokha ndiyo imayendetsedwa, koma masensa amagetsi akazindikira kutsetsereka pa ekisi yoyendetsa, torque ina imasamutsidwa kupita ku ekisi ina.

Lumikiza zolimba

Mpaka posachedwa, iyi inali njira yotchuka kwambiri ya 4x4 m'magalimoto okwera ndi ma SUV ena. Ubwino wake ndi kapangidwe kosavuta komanso mtengo wotsika wopanga.

Onaninso: Ma brake system - nthawi yoti musinthe mapepala, ma disc ndi madzimadzi - kalozera

Dongosololi lili ndi ma multi-disc viscous clutch odzazidwa ndi mafuta wandiweyani. Ntchito yake ndikutumiza torque ku ekisi yachiwiri. Izi zimachitika pokhapokha ngati pali kusiyana kwakukulu mu liwiro la kasinthasintha wa mawilo kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo. Kuipa kwa njira iyi ndi kuthekera kwa kutenthedwa kwa makinawo.

Electromechanical clutch

Zamagetsi zimayimba violin yoyamba pano. Woyang'anira wapadera amaikidwa mu dongosolo la galimoto, ntchito yomwe ndi kulamulira clutch pogwiritsa ntchito deta ya sensor yomwe imayang'anira kayendetsedwe ka galimoto.

Dongosololi limatha kupirira zolemetsa zambiri kuposa kulumikizana kwa viscous. Fiat ndi Suzuki (mitundu ya Fiat Sedici ndi Suzuki SX4) ikugwirizana ndi yankho ili.

Electromagnetic clutch

Pankhaniyi, makina opangira ma multi-disk amagwira ntchito molingana ndi mfundo yamagetsi. Itha kusamutsa torque ku ma axles 50 peresenti mpaka 50 peresenti. Dongosolo limayatsidwa pamene pali kusiyana kwa liwiro pakati pa mawilo akutsogolo ndi kumbuyo.

Chitsanzo cha izi mu mawonekedwe ovuta ndi dongosolo la BMW xDrive. Kuyendetsa kumathandizidwa ndi ESP system ndi braking system yomwe imatha kutseka ma axle onse awiri.

Kuipa kwa magulu awiriwa - electromechanical ndi electromagnetic - ndi mapangidwe ovuta, omwe amawonjezera mtengo wa kupanga ndipo, motero, mtengo wa galimoto. Zimakhala zolimba, koma zikawonongeka, ndalama zokonzanso zimakhala zofunikira.

Onaninso: xenon kapena halogen? Ndi nyali ziti zomwe mungasankhe pagalimoto - kalozera

Kuphatikiza pa BMW, Fiat ndi Suzuki, 4 × 4 drive imagawira torque pakati pa ma axles, kuphatikiza. B: Honda CR-V, Jeep Compass, Land Rover Freelander, Nissan X-Trail, Opel Antara, Toyota RAV4.

Haldex, Thorsen ndi 4Matic

Machitidwe a Haldex ndi Torsen ndi chitukuko cha lingaliro la kugawa kokha kwa galimoto pakati pa ma axles.

haldex

Mapangidwewo adapangidwa ndi kampani yaku Sweden ya Haldex. Kuphatikiza pa ma multiplate clutch, makina ochulukirapo a hydraulic amagwiritsidwa ntchito kusamutsa mphamvu pakati pa ma axles. Ubwino wa yankho ili ndi kuthekera kwa kuyanjana kwake ndi injini yomwe ili mozungulira. Komanso, ali ndi kulemera pang'ono, koma n'zovuta kukonza.

Haldex ndi makina a Volvo ndi Volkswagen omwe amakonda kwambiri ma wheel drive.

masewera

Mtundu uwu wa 4 × 4 pagalimoto umachokera ku gearbox yokhala ndi magiya atatu a nyongolotsi, omwe amagawira torque pakati pa ma axles. Poyendetsa bwino, kuyendetsa kumasamutsidwa ku ma axles mu chiŵerengero cha 50/50 peresenti. Kukachitika skid, makina amatha kusamutsa mpaka 90% ya torque kupita ku ekseli komwe kulibe skid.

Thorsen ndi njira yothandiza, koma ilinso ndi zovuta zake. Chachikulu ndi dongosolo lovuta komanso kukwera mtengo kwa kupanga. Ichi ndichifukwa chake Torsen amapezeka m'magalimoto apamwamba, kuphatikiza. ku Alfa Romeo, Audi kapena Subaru.

Onaninso: Clutch - mungapewe bwanji kuvala msanga? Wotsogolera

Mwa njira, mawu akuti Torsen ayenera kufotokozedwa. Mosiyana ndi zomwe anthu ambiri amakhulupirira, sizichokera ku dzina, koma ndi chidule cha magawo oyambirira a mawu awiri a Chingerezi: Torque ndi Sensing.

Komanso tiyenera kutchula dongosolo 4Matic ntchito Mercedes, amene amagwiritsa ntchito zosiyana zitatu. Kuyendetsa kosatha pa ma axle onse awiri kumagawidwa mu gawo la 40 peresenti. kutsogolo, 60 peresenti kumbuyo.

Chochititsa chidwi n'chakuti, vuto la loko losiyana linathetsedwa. M'dongosolo lino, ntchito ya maloko imaperekedwa kwa mabuleki. Ngati mawilo amodzi ayamba kutsetsereka, amabowoka kwakanthawi ndipo torque yochulukirapo imasamutsidwa kumawilo ndikugwira bwino. Chilichonse chimayendetsedwa ndi makompyuta.

Ubwino wa 4Matic dongosolo ndi kulemera kwake kochepa, popeza okonza adatha kuthetsa mbali zambiri zamakina. Komabe, kuipa kwake ndikokwera mtengo. Mercedes amagwiritsa ntchito, mwa zina, dongosolo la 4Matic. m'kalasi C, E, S, R ndi SUVs (kalasi M, GLK, GL).

Wojciech Frölichowski