Kuyika kwamafuta mu injini zamafuta. Ubwino, kuipa ndi mavuto zotheka

Mtundu wa jakisoni umatengera magawo a injini ndi ndalama zogwirira ntchito. Zimakhudza mphamvu, kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta, kutulutsa mpweya komanso ndalama zoyendetsera galimoto.

Mbiri yakugwiritsa ntchito jekeseni wa petulo mu injini yoyaka mkati mwa zoyendera idayamba nthawi ya Nkhondo Yoyamba Yapadziko Lonse. Ngakhale pamenepo, oyendetsa ndege anali kufunafuna mwachangu njira zatsopano zomwe zitha kuwongolera magwiridwe antchito a injini ndikuthana ndi mavuto ndi mphamvu m'malo osiyanasiyana a ndege. Jekeseni wamafuta, yemwe adawonekera koyamba mu injini ya ndege yaku France V8 mu 1903, adakhala othandiza. Sizinafike mpaka 1930 pomwe Mercedes 1951 SL yojambulidwa ndi mafuta idayamba, yomwe imadziwika kuti ndi kalambulabwalo m'munda. Komabe, mu masewera Baibulo, inali galimoto yoyamba ndi jekeseni mwachindunji petulo.

Jekeseni wamafuta amagetsi adayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu 300 mu injini ya Chrysler ya 1958. Jekeseni wamafuta a Multipoint adayamba kuwonekera pamagalimoto m'ma 1981, koma amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamamodeli apamwamba. Mapampu amagetsi othamanga kwambiri anali atagwiritsidwa ntchito kale kuti atsimikizire kukakamizidwa koyenera, koma kuwongolera kunalibe udindo wa amakanika, omwe adangotsala pang'ono kuiwalika mu 600 ndi kutha kwa kupanga Mercedes XNUMX. Ma jakisoni anali akadali okwera mtengo ndipo sanasinthe kukhala magalimoto otsika mtengo komanso otchuka. Koma zitakhala zofunikira m'zaka za m'ma XNUMX kukhazikitsa zosinthira zosinthira pamagalimoto onse, mosasamala kanthu za gulu lawo, jakisoni wotchipa amayenera kupangidwa.

Kukhalapo kwa chothandizira kumafuna kuwongolera kolondola kwa kapangidwe kawo kuposa momwe ma carburetors angaperekere. Chifukwa chake adapangidwa jekeseni wamtundu umodzi, mtundu wocheperako wa "multi-point", koma wokwanira pazosowa zamagalimoto otsika mtengo. Kuyambira chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma nineties, idayamba kutha pamsika, m'malo mwake ndi majekeseni amitundu yambiri, omwe pakali pano ndiwodziwika kwambiri pama injini zamagalimoto. Mu 1996, jekeseni mwachindunji mafuta anapanga kuwonekera koyamba kugulu lake pa Mitsubishi Carisma. Ukadaulo watsopano umafunika kuwongolera kwambiri ndipo poyamba udapeza otsatira ochepa.

Komabe, poyang'anizana ndi kuchulukirachulukira kwa miyezo ya gasi yotulutsa mpweya, yomwe kuyambira pachiyambi idakhudza kwambiri kupita patsogolo kwamafuta amafuta agalimoto, opanga adayenera kupita ku jekeseni wolunjika wamafuta. M'mayankho aposachedwa, mpaka pano ochepa mu chiwerengero, amaphatikiza mitundu iwiri ya jekeseni wa petulo - osalunjika Mipikisano mfundo ndi mwachindunji.    

Indirect Single Point Injection

Mu machitidwe a jakisoni amodzi, injini imayendetsedwa ndi jekeseni imodzi. Imayikidwa panjira yolowera munjira zambiri. Mafuta amaperekedwa mokakamizidwa pafupifupi 1 bar. Mafuta a atomu amasakanikirana ndi mpweya kutsogolo kwa madoko olowera a njira zopita ku masilindala.

Kusakaniza kwamafuta-mpweya kumayamwa munjira popanda kutengera kusakaniza kwa silinda iliyonse. Chifukwa cha kusiyana kwa kutalika kwa mayendedwe ndi ubwino wa mapeto awo, mphamvu zopangira magetsi zimakhala zosiyana. Koma palinso mapindu. Popeza njira ya kusakaniza kwa mafuta ndi mpweya kuchokera pamphuno kupita ku chipinda choyaka moto ndi yaitali, mafuta amatha kutuluka bwino pamene injini ikuwotcha bwino. M'nyengo yozizira, mafuta samatulutsa nthunzi, ma bristles amakhazikika pamakoma okhometsa ndipo pang'ono amapita m'chipinda choyaka moto ngati madontho. Mu mawonekedwe awa, sangathe kuwotcha kwathunthu pamayendedwe ogwirira ntchito, zomwe zimabweretsa kutsika kwa injini mu gawo lotentha.

Chotsatira cha izi ndikuchulukirachulukira kwamafuta komanso kuchuluka kwa kawopsedwe ka mpweya wotulutsa mpweya. Jekeseni imodzi ndiyosavuta komanso yotsika mtengo, safuna magawo ambiri, ma nozzles ovuta komanso machitidwe apamwamba owongolera. Mitengo yotsika yopangira galimoto imakhala yotsika mtengo, ndipo kukonza ndi jekeseni imodzi ndikosavuta. Jakisoni wamtunduwu sagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mainjini amakono amagalimoto onyamula anthu. Zitha kupezeka mu zitsanzo zokhala ndi mapangidwe ambuyo, ngakhale amapangidwa kunja kwa Ulaya. Chitsanzo chimodzi ndi Samand waku Iran.

mwayi

- Mapangidwe osavuta

- Ndalama zochepa zopangira ndi kukonza

- Kawopsedwe kakang'ono ka mpweya wotulutsa mpweya injini ikatentha

zopindika

- Kulondola kwa dosing kwamafuta ochepa

- Kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta ambiri

- Kuopsa kwakukulu kwa mpweya wotulutsa mpweya mu gawo lotentha la injini

- Kusagwira bwino ntchito kutengera mphamvu za injini

Indirect multipoint jakisoni

Kuwonjezedwa kwa jekeseni wa mfundo imodzi ndi jekeseni wamitundu yambiri ndi jekeseni pa doko lililonse lolowera. Mafuta amaperekedwa pambuyo pa throttle, pafupi ndi valavu yolowetsa, majekeseni ali pafupi ndi masilinda, koma njira yosakanikirana ndi mpweya ndi mpweya imakhala yayitali mokwanira kuti mafuta asungunuke pa injini yotentha. Kumbali inayi, gawo lotenthetsera limakhala ndi chizolowezi chocheperako pamakoma a doko lolowera, popeza mtunda pakati pa nozzle ndi silinda ndi waufupi. Muzinthu zambiri, mafuta amaperekedwa pamagetsi a 2 mpaka 4 bar.

Injector yosiyana pa silinda iliyonse imapatsa opanga mwayi watsopano potengera kuwonjezereka kwamphamvu kwa injini, kuchepetsa kuwononga mafuta komanso kuchepetsa kutulutsa mpweya. Poyamba, palibe njira zowongolera zapamwamba zomwe zidagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo ma nozzles onse adayesa mafuta nthawi imodzi. Yankho ili silinali loyenera, chifukwa nthawi ya jakisoni sinachitike mu silinda iliyonse panthawi yabwino kwambiri (pamene idagunda valavu yotsekera). Kukula kokha kwamagetsi kunapangitsa kuti pakhale zotheka kupanga machitidwe apamwamba kwambiri, chifukwa jekeseniyo inayamba kugwira ntchito molondola.

Poyamba, nozzles anatsegula awiriawiri, ndiye sequential mafuta jekeseni dongosolo, imene nozzle aliyense amatsegula payokha, pa mphindi akadakwanitsira kwa yamphamvu anapatsidwa. Njira imeneyi amalola kuti molondola kusankha mlingo wa mafuta sitiroko iliyonse. Dongosolo la serial multi-point ndizovuta kwambiri kuposa dongosolo la mfundo imodzi, zokwera mtengo kupanga komanso zokwera mtengo kuzisamalira. Komabe, zimakupatsani mwayi wowonjezera mphamvu ya injini ndikugwiritsa ntchito mafuta ochepa komanso kawopsedwe kakang'ono ka mpweya wotulutsa mpweya.

mwayi

- Kulondola kwa dosing kwamafuta ambiri

- Kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta ochepa

- Zotheka zambiri potengera mphamvu za injini

- Kawopsedwe wochepa wa mpweya wotulutsa mpweya

zopindika

- Kuvuta kwa mapangidwe

- Ndalama zopangira ndi kukonza zokwera

Jekeseni mwachindunji

Mu njira iyi, jekeseni imayikidwa mu silinda ndikulowetsa mafuta mwachindunji mu chipinda choyaka moto. Kumbali imodzi, izi ndizopindulitsa kwambiri, chifukwa zimakulolani kuti musinthe mwachangu mtengo wamafuta-mpweya pamwamba pa pisitoni. Kuphatikiza apo, mafuta omwe amakhala ozizira kwambiri amaziziritsa korona wa pisitoni ndi makoma a silinda bwino, kotero ndizotheka kukulitsa chiŵerengero cha kuponderezana ndikupeza injini yabwino kwambiri popanda kuopa kuyaka koyipa.

Ma injini ojambulira mwachindunji amapangidwa kuti aziwotcha mpweya wowonda kwambiri / mafuta osakanikirana ndi injini zotsika kuti agwiritse ntchito mafuta ochepa. Komabe, zinapezeka kuti izi zimayambitsa mavuto ndi owonjezera nayitrogeni oxides mu mpweya utsi, kuthetsa chimene m`pofunika kukhazikitsa yoyenera kuyeretsa machitidwe. Okonza amalimbana ndi nitrogen oxides m'njira ziwiri: powonjezera mphamvu ndi kuchepetsa kukula kwake, kapena kukhazikitsa dongosolo lovuta la ma nozzles awiri. Zoyeserera zikuwonetsanso kuti ndi jekeseni wamafuta mwachindunji, chodabwitsa cha ma depositi a kaboni m'mapaipi olowera ma silinda ndi ma valve olowera (kuchepa kwamphamvu kwa injini, kuwonjezeka kwamafuta).

Izi zili choncho chifukwa madoko onse olowera ndi mavavu olowera satenthedwa ndi kusakaniza kwa mpweya/mafuta monga ndi jakisoni wosalunjika. Chifukwa chake, samatsukidwa ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono tamafuta tomwe timalowa munjira yoyamwa kuchokera ku crankcase ventilation system. Mafuta odetsedwa amauma chifukwa cha kutentha, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti matope osafunikira achuluke.

mwayi

- Kulondola kwa dosing kwamafuta okwera kwambiri

- Kuthekera kowotcha zosakaniza zowonda

-Ma injini abwino kwambiri okhala ndi mafuta ochepa

zopindika

- Mapangidwe ovuta kwambiri

- Mtengo wokwera kwambiri wopangira ndi kukonza

- Mavuto ndi ma nitrogen oxide ochulukirapo mumipweya yotulutsa mpweya

- Madipoziti a kaboni m'dongosolo lakudya

Jakisoni wapawiri - molunjika komanso mosalunjika

Mapangidwe a jakisoni wosakanikirana amatengera mwayi pa jakisoni wachindunji komanso wolunjika. Jekeseni wachindunji amagwira ntchito injini ikazizira. Kusakaniza kwamafuta ndi mpweya kumayenda molunjika pa pistoni ndipo condensation imachotsedwa. Injini ikatenthedwa ndikugwira ntchito mopepuka (kuyendetsa mwachangu nthawi zonse, kuthamangitsa kosalala), jekeseni wachindunji imasiya kugwira ntchito ndipo jekeseni wa multipoint indirect amatenga udindo wake. Mafuta amasanduka nthunzi bwino, majekeseni okwera mtengo kwambiri sagwira ntchito ndipo satha, ma valve olowa amatsuka ndi kusakaniza kwa mpweya, kotero madipoziti sapanga pa iwo. Pazambiri zamainjini (kuthamanga kwamphamvu, kuyendetsa mwachangu), jakisoni wachindunji amayatsidwanso, zomwe zimatsimikizira kudzazidwa mwachangu kwa masilinda.

mwayi

- Mlingo wolondola kwambiri wamafuta

- Kutumiza koyenera kwa injini muzochitika zonse

-Ma injini abwino kwambiri okhala ndi mafuta ochepa

- Palibe ma depositi a kaboni m'dongosolo lakudya

zopindika

- Kuvuta kwakukulu kwapangidwe

- Ndalama zopangira ndi kukonza zokwera kwambiri