Tengani...sitima ya haidrojeni

Lingaliro lopanga sitima pa haidrojeni silatsopano monga momwe ena angaganizire. Komabe, m’zaka zaposachedwapa, lingaliro limeneli likuwoneka kuti lapangidwa mokangalika. Tikhoza kukhala tikudabwa kuti posachedwa tidzawonanso ma locomotive a hydrogen hydrogen. Koma mwina ndi bwino kusataya zinyalala.

Kumapeto kwa 2019, zidziwitso zidawonekera Bydgoska PESA pofika m'ma 2020, akufuna kukonzekera ndondomeko ya magawo a chitukuko cha teknoloji yoyendetsa galimoto yochokera ku maselo amafuta a haidrojeni m'magalimoto a njanji. Pakatha chaka, ayenera kuyamba kukhazikitsidwa mogwirizana ndi Mtengo wa PKN ORLEN mayeso oyamba oyendetsa magalimoto. Pamapeto pake, mayankho opangidwawo akuyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'ma locomoti onyamula katundu komanso m'masitima apamtunda omwe amayendera anthu.

Nkhawa yamafuta aku Poland idalengeza za kumangidwa kwa fakitale yoyeretsera ma hydrogen pa fakitale ya ORLEN Południe ku Trzebin. Kupanga mafuta oyera a haidrojeni, omwe azigwiritsidwa ntchito kuyatsa magalimoto, kuphatikiza ma locomotives a PESA, akuyenera kuyamba mu 2021.

Poland, inc. chifukwa cha PKN ORLEN, ndi amodzi mwa opanga ma haidrojeni akulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Malinga ndi oyang'anira kampaniyo, popanga, imapanga kale matani 45 pa ola limodzi. Imagulitsa zopangira izi zamagalimoto onyamula anthu pamasiteshoni awiri ku Germany. Posachedwapa, oyendetsa galimoto ku Czech Republic adzatha kuwonjezera mafuta a haidrojeni, monga UNIPETROL kuchokera ku gulu la ORLEN ayamba kumanga malo atatu a haidrojeni kumeneko chaka chamawa.

Makampani ena amafuta aku Poland nawonso akutenga nawo gawo pama projekiti osangalatsa a haidrojeni. LOTUS imayamba kugwira ntchito ndi Toyotapamaziko omwe akukonzekera kumanga malo odzaza mafuta achilengedwe. Chimphona chathu cha gasi chidatsogoleranso zokambirana zoyamba ndi Toyota, PGNiGyemwe akufuna kukhala m'modzi mwa atsogoleri pakukula kwaukadaulo wa hydrogen ku Poland.

Malo ophunzirira akuphatikizapo kupanga, kusungirako katundu, kuyendetsa galimoto ndi kugawa maukonde kwa makasitomala. Toyota mwina ikuganiza za luso la mitundu yake ya Mirai hydrogen, mtundu wotsatira womwe uyenera kugulidwa pamsika mu 2020.

Mu Okutobala, kampani yaku Poland PKP Energy Pogwirizana ndi Deutsche Bahn, selo yamafuta yakhazikitsidwa kuti ipereke njira ina ya injini ya dizilo ngati gwero lamphamvu ladzidzidzi. Kampaniyo ikufunanso kutenga nawo gawo pakupanga ukadaulo wa haidrojeni. Limodzi mwa malingaliro omwe atolankhani akukambirana ndikusintha kupita ku haidrojeni. Reda-Hel njanjim'malo mwa kukhazikitsa kwake magetsi.

Yankho lomwe linaperekedwa pachiwonetsero cha njanji ya TRAKO ndilotchedwa. Chidacho chimakhala ndi gulu la photovoltaic lomwe limalumikizana ndi cell yamafuta a methanol, yomwe imapereka magetsi osadalira gululi yamagetsi. Pamene kupanga mphamvu ya dzuwa kumakhala kosakwanira, selo yamafuta imayamba. Chofunika kwambiri, selo imathanso kuthamanga pamafuta a hydrogen.

Sitima ya Hydrail kapena haidrojeni

Zomwe zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito panjanji za hydrogen zikuphatikiza mitundu yonse yamayendedwe anjanji - apaulendo, okwera, zonyamula katundu, njanji zopepuka, zofotokozera, njanji zamigodi, masitima apamtunda wamafakitale, ndi njira zapadera zodutsa m'mapaki ndi malo osungiramo zinthu zakale.

Kusankhidwa "Sitima ya Hydrogen" () idagwiritsidwa ntchito koyamba pa Ogasiti 22, 2003 pakulankhula ku Volpe Transportation Systems Center ku US Department of Transportation ku Cambridge. Stan Thompson wa AT&T ndiye adapereka ulaliki pa Mooresville Hydrail Initiative. Kuyambira 2005, International Conference on Hydraulic Actuators yakhala ikuchitika chaka chilichonse ndi Appalachian State University ndi South Iredell Chamber of Commerce ku Mooresville mogwirizana ndi mayunivesite ndi mabungwe ena.

Zapangidwa kuti zibweretse pamodzi asayansi, mainjiniya, oyang'anira zomera, akatswiri amakampani ndi ogwira ntchito omwe amagwira ntchito kapena kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo uwu padziko lonse lapansi kuti agawane chidziwitso ndi zokambirana zomwe zimatsogolera ku kukhazikitsidwa mwachangu kwa mayankho a hydrogen - poteteza chilengedwe, kuteteza nyengo, mphamvu. chitetezo . ndi chitukuko chonse cha zachuma.

Poyambirira, ukadaulo wamafuta a haidrojeni unkadziwika bwino komanso umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ku Japan ndi California. Posachedwapa, ndalama zomwe zimakambidwa kwambiri zokhudzana ndi izi zili ku Germany.

Sitima zapamtunda za Alstom-Coradia iLint (1) - yokhala ndi ma cell amafuta omwe amasintha haidrojeni ndi okosijeni kukhala magetsi, motero amachotsa mpweya woipa wokhudzana ndi kuyaka mafuta, adagunda njanji ku Lower Saxony, Germany, koyambirira kwa Seputembala 2018. Makilomita 100 - adadutsa ku Cuxhaven, Bremerhaven, Bremerwerde ndi Buxtehude, m'malo mwa sitima za dizilo zomwe zilipo.

Masitima apamtunda aku Germany amawonjezeredwa ndi malo odzaza ma hydrogen. Mpweya wa haidrojeni udzaponyedwa m'sitima kuchokera m'chidebe chachitsulo chotalika mamita 12 chomwe chili pafupi ndi njanji pa siteshoni ya Bremerwerde.

Pa siteshoni imodzi yamafuta, masitima amatha kuyenda pa netiweki tsiku lonse, kuyenda makilomita 1. Malinga ndi ndondomekoyi, malo odzaza malo omwe amatumizidwa ndi kampani ya njanji ya EVB adzakhazikitsidwa mu 2021, pamene Alstom idzapereka masitima ena 14 a Coradia iLint ku. Othandizira a LNG.

Meyi watha, zidanenedwa kuti Alstom ipanga masitima enanso 27 a haidrojeni Wothandizira RMVyomwe idzasamukira kudera la Rhine-Main. Hydrogen ya depot ya RMV ndi projekiti yanthawi yayitali yoyambira mu 2022.

Mgwirizano woperekera ndi kukonza masitima apamtunda ndi ma euro 500 miliyoni kwazaka 25. Kampaniyo idzakhala ndi udindo wopereka haidrojeni Infraserv GmbH & Co Hoechst KG. Ndi ku Höchst pafupi ndi Frankfurt am Main pomwe malo opangira mafuta a haidrojeni akhazikitsidwa. Thandizo lidzaperekedwa ndi boma la Germany - lidzapereka ndalama zomanga siteshoni ndi kugula hydrogen ndi 40%.

2. Locomotive ya Hybrid haidrojeni yoyesedwa ku Los Angeles

Ku UK Alstom ndi chonyamulira wakomweko Eversholt Rail akukonzekera kusintha masitima apamtunda a Class 321 kukhala masitima apamtunda wa 1 km. Km, kusuntha pa liwiro pazipita 140 Km / h. Gulu loyamba la makina amakono amtunduwu liyenera kupangidwa ndikukonzekera kugwira ntchito koyambirira kwa 2021. Wopanga ku Britain adavumbulutsanso ntchito yake ya sitima yamafuta amafuta chaka chatha. Vivarail.

Ku France, kampani ya njanji ya boma SNCF yadzipangira cholinga chothetsa masitima a dizilo pofika 2035. Monga gawo la ntchitoyi, SNCF ikukonzekera kuyamba kuyesa magalimoto amtundu wa hydrogen mafuta mu 2021 ndipo akuyembekeza kuti azikhala akugwira ntchito pofika 2022.

Kafukufuku wa masitima apamtunda wa haidrojeni akhala akuchitika kwa zaka zambiri ku US ndi Canada. Mwachitsanzo, kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa locomotive yamtunduwu poyendetsa m’mabwalo a zombo zapamadzi kunalingaliridwa. Mu 2009-2010 adawayesa chonyamulira chapafupi BNSF ku Los Angeles (2). Posachedwapa kampaniyo idalandira kontrakiti yomanga sitima yoyamba yonyamula anthu pogwiritsa ntchito hydrogen ku United States (3). Stadler.

Mgwirizanowu umapereka mwayi wopanga makina ena anayi. Mothandizidwa ndi haidrojeni Flirt H2 ikuyembekezeka kukhazikitsidwa mu 2024 ngati gawo la projekiti yonyamula anthu Redlands, mzere wa 14,5 km pakati pa Redlands ndi Metrolink ku San Bernardino, California.

3. Zinthu zotsatsira sitima yoyamba yonyamula anthu ya haidrojeni ku US.

Pansi pa mgwirizanowu, Stadler apanga sitima ya haidrojeni yomwe idzakhala ndi magalimoto awiri mbali zonse za magetsi okhala ndi ma cell amafuta ndi matanki a haidrojeni. Sitimayi ikuyembekezeka kunyamula anthu opitilira 108, yokhala ndi malo owonjezera oyimirira komanso liwiro lapamwamba mpaka 130 km / h.

Ku South Korea Gulu la Magalimoto a Hyundai pakadali pano ikupanga masitima apamtunda amafuta, mtundu woyamba womwe ukuyembekezeka kutulutsidwa mu 2020. 

Mapulani akuganiza kuti azitha kuyenda 200 km pakati pa refueling, kuthamanga mpaka 70 km / h. M'malo mwake, ku Japan Kampani ya East Japan Railway Company. adalengeza mapulani oyesa masitima atsopano a haidrojeni kuyambira 2021. Dongosolo lidzapereka liwiro lalikulu la 100 km / h. ndipo akuyembekezeka kuyenda pafupifupi 140 km pa thanki imodzi ya haidrojeni.

Ngati njanji ya haidrojeni idzakhala yotchuka, idzafunika mafuta ndi zipangizo zonse zothandizira mayendedwe a njanji. Si njanji chabe.

Yoyamba idakhazikitsidwa posachedwa ku Japan. Liquefied hydrogen chonyamuliraSuiso Frontier. Ili ndi matani 8 zikwi za mphamvu. Amapangidwa kuti aziyenda panyanja mtunda wautali wa haidrojeni wambiri, utakhazikika mpaka -253 ° C, ndi kuchepetsedwa kwa voliyumu mu chiŵerengero cha 1/800 poyerekeza ndi mpweya woyambirira.

Sitimayo iyenera kukhala itakonzeka kumapeto kwa 2020. Izi ndi zombo zomwe ORLEN ingagwiritse ntchito kutumiza haidrojeni yomwe imapanga. Kodi ndi tsogolo lakutali?

4. Suiso Frontier pamadzi

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