Nkhondo ya ma aligorivimu

Pankhani yogwiritsa ntchito nzeru zopangira usilikali, kuopsa kwa sayansi yopeka nthawi yomweyo kumadzuka, AI yopanduka ndi yakupha yomwe imaukira anthu kuti iwononge. Tsoka ilo, mantha ankhondo ndi atsogoleri akuti "mdani adzatipeza" ali amphamvu kwambiri pakupanga njira zankhondo.

Algorithmic Warfarezimene, malinga ndi kunena kwa ambiri, zikanatha kusintha mkhalidwe wankhondo monga tikudziŵira, makamaka chifukwa chakuti nkhondo ikakhala yachangu, yoposa kuthekera kwa anthu kupanga zosankha. General waku America Jack Shanahan (1), mkulu wa US Joint Center for Artificial Intelligence, akugogomezera, komabe, kuti tisanabweretse nzeru zopangira zida zankhondo, tiyenera kuonetsetsa kuti machitidwewa adakali pansi pa ulamuliro wa anthu ndipo sadzayambitsa nkhondo paokha.

"Ngati mdani ali ndi makina ndi ma aligorivimu, tidzataya mkanganowu"

Kukhoza kuyendetsa algorithmic nkhondo imachokera pakugwiritsa ntchito kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo wamakompyuta m'magawo atatu akulu. Choyamba zaka makumi angapo za kukula kwakukulu mu mphamvu zamakompyutaizi zathandizira kwambiri ntchito yophunzirira makina. Chachiwiri kukula mofulumira kwa chuma "Data yayikulu", ndiye kuti, yayikulu, nthawi zambiri imakhala yokhazikika, yoyendetsedwa komanso yopangidwa mosalekeza ma seti a data oyenera kuphunzira pamakina. Chachitatu chimadetsa nkhawa chitukuko chofulumira cha matekinoloje a cloud computing, kudzera momwe makompyuta amatha kupeza mosavuta zida za data ndikuzikonza kuti athetse mavuto.

War Algorithmmonga tafotokozera akatswiri, ziyenera kuwonetsedwa poyamba ndi kompyuta kodi. Kachiwiri, ziyenera kukhala chifukwa cha nsanja yomwe imatha kusonkhanitsa zidziwitso ndikupanga zisankho, kupanga zisankho zomwe, m'malingaliro, sizifunikira. kulowererapo kwa anthu. Chachitatu, chomwe chikuwoneka chodziwikiratu, koma sichoncho, chifukwa ndikuchitapo kanthu komwe kumawonekeratu ngati njira yopangira chinthu china ingakhale yothandiza pankhondo ndi mosemphanitsa, iyenera kugwira ntchito muzochitika. nkhondo yankhondo.

Kusanthula kwa mayendedwe omwe ali pamwambawa ndi kuyanjana kwawo kukuwonetsa izi algorithmic nkhondo si luso losiyana monga, mwachitsanzo. zida zamphamvu kapena mivi ya hypersonic. Zotsatira zake ndi zazikulu ndipo pang'onopang'ono zikukhala ponseponse mu nkhondo. Kwa nthawi yoyamba magalimoto ankhondo amakhala anzeru, zomwe zimatha kupanga magulu achitetezo omwe amawagwiritsa ntchito moyenera komanso mogwira mtima. Makina anzeru oterowo ali ndi malire omveka bwino omwe amafunika kuwamvetsetsa bwino.

"" Shanahan adatero kugwa komaliza poyankhulana ndi CEO wakale wa Google Eric Schmidt ndi wachiwiri kwa Purezidenti wa Google wapadziko lonse Kent Walker. "".

Lipoti la US National Security Council pa AI limatchula China nthawi zopitilira 50, ndikuwunikira cholinga cha China chokhala mtsogoleri wadziko lonse mu AI pofika 2030.onaninso: ).

Mawu awa adayankhulidwa ku Washington pamsonkhano wapadera womwe unachitika pambuyo poti Shanakhan Center yomwe tatchulayi idapereka lipoti lake loyamba ku Congress, yokonzedwa mogwirizana ndi akatswiri odziwika bwino pankhani yanzeru zopanga, kuphatikiza Microsoft Research Director Eric Horwitz, CEO wa AWS Andy Jassa ndi Wofufuza wamkulu wa Google Cloud Andrew Moore. Lipoti lomaliza lidzasindikizidwa mu Okutobala 2020.

Ogwira ntchito pa Google akutsutsa

Zaka zingapo zapitazo, Pentagon idalowa nawo. algorithmic nkhondo ndi mapulojekiti angapo okhudzana ndi AI pansi pa polojekiti ya Maven, kutengera mgwirizano ndi makampani aukadaulo, kuphatikiza Google ndi zoyambira monga Clarifai. Zinali makamaka za kugwira ntchito nzeru zochita kupangakuti atsogolere chizindikiritso cha zinthu pa.

Zitadziwika za kutenga nawo gawo kwa Google pantchitoyi kumapeto kwa chaka cha 2018, antchito masauzande ambiri a chimphona chachikulu cha Mountain View adasaina kalata yodzudzula motsutsana ndi zomwe kampaniyo ikuchita pazankhondo. Pambuyo pa miyezi ya chipwirikiti chantchito Google yatengera malamulo ake a AIzomwe zikuphatikizapo kuletsa kutenga nawo mbali pazochitika.

Google yadziperekanso kumaliza mgwirizano wa Project Maven kumapeto kwa 2019. Kutuluka kwa Google sikunathe Project Maven. Adagulidwa ndi Peter Thiel's Palantir. Air Force ndi US Marine Corps akukonzekera kugwiritsa ntchito magalimoto apadera osayendetsedwa, monga Global Hawk, monga gawo la polojekiti ya Maven, yomwe imayenera kuyang'anitsitsa mpaka ma kilomita 100.

Panthawi ya zomwe zikuchitika kuzungulira Project Maven, zidawonekeratu kuti asitikali aku US akufunika mtambo wawo. Izi ndi zomwe Shanahan adanena pamsonkhanowu. Izi zidawonekera pomwe makanema amakanema ndi zosintha zamakina zidakwera pamagalimoto kupita kumalo ankhondo amwazikana m'munda. Mukumanga ogwirizana cloud computing, zomwe zingathandize kuthetsa mavuto amtunduwu, monga gawo la polojekiti yogwirizana ya IT ya asilikali a Jedi, Microsoft, Amazon, Oracle ndi IBM. Google si chifukwa cha malamulo awo amakhalidwe abwino.

Zikuwonekeratu kuchokera ku mawu a Shanahan kuti kusintha kwakukulu kwa AI mu usilikali kukungoyamba kumene. Ndipo udindo wa likulu lake mu asilikali a US akukula. Izi zikuwoneka bwino mu bajeti yoyerekeza ya JAIC. Mu 2019, zidakwana $90 miliyoni. Mu 2020, iyenera kukhala kale $ 414 miliyoni, kapena pafupifupi 10 peresenti ya bajeti ya Pentagon ya $ 4 biliyoni ya AI.

Makinawa amazindikira msilikali wodzipereka

Asilikali a US ali ndi zida monga Phalanx (2), yomwe ndi mtundu wa chida chodziyimira pawokha chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazombo zapamadzi zaku US kuukira zida zomwe zikubwera. Chombo chikapezeka, chimangoyatsa chokha ndikuwononga chilichonse chomwe chili m'njira yake. Malinga ndi Ford, amatha kuukira ndi zida zinayi kapena zisanu mu theka la sekondi popanda kudutsa ndikuyang'ana chandamale chilichonse.

Chitsanzo china ndi semi-autonomous Harpy (3), kachitidwe kamalonda kopanda anthu. Harpy imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwononga ma radar a adani. Mwachitsanzo, mu 2003, pamene US adayambitsa chiwonongeko ku Iraq chomwe chinali ndi makina oyendetsa ndege, ma drones opangidwa ndi Israeli adathandizira kupeza ndi kuwawononga kuti aku America athe kuwuluka bwinobwino ku Iraq.

3. Kutulutsidwa kwa drone ya IAI Harpy system

Chitsanzo china chodziwika bwino cha zida zodzilamulira ndi Korea Samsung SGR-1 dongosolo, yomwe ili m'dera lopanda asilikali pakati pa North ndi South Korea, lopangidwa kuti lizindikire ndi kuzimitsa anthu omwe ali pamtunda wa makilomita anayi. Malinga ndi ndondomekoyi, dongosololi "limatha kusiyanitsa pakati pa munthu wodzipereka ndi munthu wosagonja" potengera malo a manja awo kapena kuzindikira malo a chida m'manja mwawo.

4. Chiwonetsero cha kudziwika kwa msilikali wodzipereka ndi dongosolo la Samsung SGR-1

Anthu aku America akuwopa kusiyidwa

Pakadali pano, mayiko osachepera 30 padziko lonse lapansi amagwiritsa ntchito zida zodziwikiratu zokhala ndi magawo osiyanasiyana achitukuko ndikugwiritsa ntchito AI. China, Russia ndi United States amawona luntha lochita kupanga ngati chinthu chofunikira kwambiri popanga tsogolo lawo padziko lapansi. "Aliyense amene adzapambana mpikisano wa AI adzalamulira dziko lapansi," Purezidenti wa Russia Vladimir Putin adauza ophunzira mu Ogasiti 2017. Purezidenti wa People's Republic of China, Xi Jinping, sananenepo mawu apamwamba ngati awa pawailesi yakanema, koma ndiye dalaivala wamkulu wamalangizo omwe akufuna kuti China ikhale yayikulu pagawo la AI pofika 2030.

Pali nkhawa ikukula ku United States ponena za "satellite effect", zomwe zasonyeza kuti United States ilibe zida zokwanira kuti zithetse mavuto atsopano obwera chifukwa cha nzeru zopanga. Ndipo izi zingakhale zoopsa kwa mtendere, ngati chifukwa chakuti dziko lomwe likuopsezedwa ndi ulamuliro lingafune kuthetsa ubwino wa mdani mwa njira ina, ndiyo nkhondo.

Ngakhale cholinga choyambirira cha pulojekiti ya Maven chinali kuthandiza kupeza omenyera achisilamu a ISIS, kufunikira kwake pakupititsa patsogolo machitidwe anzeru zankhondo ndi zazikulu. Nkhondo zamagetsi zozikidwa pa zojambulira, zowunikira ndi zowunikira (kuphatikiza mafoni, kuwuluka) zimalumikizidwa ndi kuchuluka kwakukulu kwazomwe zikuyenda mosiyanasiyana, zomwe zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera mothandizidwa ndi ma algorithms a AI.

Nkhondo yosakanizidwa yasanduka mtundu wankhondo wa IoT, zambiri zofunikira pakuwunika ziwopsezo zaukadaulo ndi njira ndi mwayi. Kutha kuyang'anira detayi mu nthawi yeniyeni kuli ndi ubwino waukulu, koma kulephera kuphunzira kuchokera ku chidziwitsochi kungakhale koopsa. Kutha kukonza mwachangu kutuluka kwa chidziwitso kuchokera pamapulatifomu osiyanasiyana omwe akugwira ntchito m'malo angapo kumapereka zabwino ziwiri zazikulu zankhondo: liwiro i kuthekera. Luntha lochita kupanga limakupatsani mwayi wosanthula zomwe zikuchitika pabwalo lankhondo munthawi yeniyeni ndikumenya mwachangu komanso moyenera, ndikuchepetsa chiwopsezo chankhondo zanu.

Nkhondo yatsopanoyi ilinso paliponse komanso. AI ili pamtima pa zomwe zimatchedwa drone swarms, zomwe zalandira chidwi kwambiri m'zaka zaposachedwa. Mothandizidwa ndi masensa omwe amapezeka paliponse, sikuti amalola kuti ma drones azitha kuyenda m'malo ovuta, koma pamapeto pake akhoza kulola kupanga mapangidwe ovuta a mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya magalimoto osayendetsa ndege omwe akugwira ntchito m'madera ambiri, ndi zida zowonjezera zomwe zimalola njira zamakono zomenyera nkhondo, nthawi yomweyo kusinthana ndi mdani. amawongolera kugwiritsa ntchito mwayi pabwalo lankhondo ndikuwonetsa kusintha kwanyengo.

Kutsogola pakusankhidwa kwa chandamale chothandizidwa ndi AI ndikuwongoleranso mwayi wogwira ntchito m'njira zosiyanasiyana zodzitchinjiriza, makamaka chitetezo cha mizinga, pokonza njira zodziwira, kutsatira ndi kuzindikira zomwe mukufuna.

kumawonjezera mphamvu zoyerekeza ndi zida zamasewera zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pofufuza zida za nyukiliya ndi wamba. Kupanga misala ndi kuyerekezera kudzakhala kofunikira kuti pakhale dongosolo lambiri lamitundu ingapo la machitidwe omenyera nkhondo ndi mishoni zovuta. AI imathandiziranso kuyanjana kwamagulu ambiri (5). AI imalola osewera kuti awonjezere ndikusintha masinthidwe amasewera kuti awone momwe mikhalidwe yamphamvu (zida, kuphatikizirapo, magulu ankhondo owonjezera, ndi zina zambiri) zingakhudzire magwiridwe antchito ndi kupanga zisankho.

Kwa asitikali, chizindikiritso cha chinthu ndi chiyambi chachilengedwe cha AI. Choyamba, kufufuza mwatsatanetsatane komanso mofulumira kwa chiwerengero chowonjezeka cha zithunzi ndi mauthenga omwe amasonkhanitsidwa kuchokera ku ma satelayiti ndi ma drones amafunika kuti apeze zinthu zofunikira zankhondo, monga mizinga, kayendedwe ka asilikali ndi zina zokhudzana ndi nzeru. Masiku ano, nkhondoyi ikuchitika padziko lonse lapansi, monga nyanja, nthaka, mpweya, mlengalenga, ndi malo ochezera a pa Intaneti.

Cyberspacemonga gawo la digito, ndiloyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamu a AI. Kumbali yokhumudwitsa, AI imatha kuthandizira kupeza ndikuyang'ana ma node amtundu uliwonse kapena maakaunti apaokha kuti asonkhanitse, kusokoneza, kapena kulakwitsa. Zowukira za cyber pa zomangamanga zamkati ndi maukonde olamula zitha kukhala zowopsa. Pankhani ya chitetezo, AI ikhoza kuthandizira kuzindikira zosokoneza zotere ndikupeza zolakwika zowononga m'machitidwe ankhondo ndi ankhondo.

Kuthamanga koyembekezeka komanso koopsa

Komabe, kupanga zisankho mwachangu ndikuchita mwachangu sizingakhale bwino. pofuna kuthana ndi mavuto. Ubwino wa nzeru zopangapanga ndi machitidwe odziyimira pawokha pankhondo sangalole nthawi ya zokambirana, zomwe, monga tikudziwira kuchokera m'mbiri yakale, nthawi zambiri zakhala zikuyenda bwino ngati njira yopewera kapena kuwongolera zovuta. M’zochita zake, pang’onopang’ono, kupuma, ndi nthaŵi yokambitsirana kungakhale mfungulo ya chipambano, kapena kupeŵa tsoka, makamaka pamene zida za nyukiliya zili pangozi.

Zosankha zokhudza nkhondo ndi mtendere sizingasiyidwe ku kafukufuku wolosera. Pali kusiyana kwakukulu momwe deta imagwiritsidwira ntchito pazinthu zasayansi, zachuma, zoyendetsera zinthu komanso zolosera. khalidwe laumunthu.

Ena amatha kuona AI ngati mphamvu yomwe imafooketsa chidwi chogwirizana ndikuwonjezera chiopsezo chankhondo. Zomwe zawonongeka mwangozi kapena mwadala zimatha kupangitsa makina a AI kuchita zinthu zomwe sizinali zoyembekezeka, monga kusazindikira komanso kuloza zomwe zili zolakwika. Kuthamanga kwa zochitika zomwe zimaperekedwa pakupanga ma algorithms ankhondo kungatanthauze kukwera msanga kapena kosafunikira komwe kumalepheretsa kuyendetsa bwino kwavutoli. Kumbali inayi, ma algorithms nawonso sadzadikirira ndikufotokozera, chifukwa akuyembekezekanso kukhala othamanga.

Mbali yosokoneza ntchito ya Artificial Intelligence Algorithms zoperekedwanso ndi ife posachedwa ku MT. Ngakhale akatswiri sadziwa ndendende momwe AI imatsogolera ku zotsatira zomwe timawona pazotulutsa.

Pankhani ya ma algorithms ankhondo, sitingakwanitse kusadziwa za chilengedwe komanso momwe "amaganizira" iwo. Sitikufuna kudzuka pakati pausiku kuphulika kwa nyukiliya chifukwa nzeru za "zathu" kapena "zawo" zaganiza kuti ndi nthawi yoti tithetse masewerawo.