Kuyendetsa galimoto Volvo FH16 ndi BMW M550d: lamulo Newton

Msonkhano wosangalatsa wopanda mitundu iwiri yamagalimoto achilendo

Tikulankhula za mphamvu - nthawi ina kusonyeza mathamangitsidwe, ndipo ina - pa tebulo. Msonkhano wosangalatsa wamakalata wamitundu iwiri yodabwitsa ya magalimoto, iliyonse mwa njira yakeyake ikuwonetsa kunyanyira kwa filosofi ya silinda sikisi.

Ma cylinders apamzere asanu ndi limodzi amadziwongolera mwakachetechete m'njira yomwe palibe injini ina yomwe ingafanane ndi kukhwima kwake. Chidziwitso chofananira ndi chowona pamizere iliyonse ya silinda sikisi. Komabe, awiriwa ndi amtundu wapadera - mwina chifukwa ndi omwe amaimira kwambiri mitundu yawo. Ndi 381 hp. ndi malita atatu okha a injini kuyaka kusamutsidwa, kuyendetsa BMW M550d kumapanga chithunzi chosayerekezeka mu nyama zamoto ndipo akhoza ngakhale kuonedwa ngati mafotokozedwe kwambiri downsizing (sitikudziwa momwe 4 turbocharger Baibulo adzagwira ntchito panobe). "Mwina" chifukwa BMW sinagwetse injini zamasilinda asanu ndi atatu m'dzina lakuchepetsa. Mphamvu ya unit N57S, ndithudi, si chuma - mmodzi wa mayesero atsopano a galimoto galimoto ndi masewera M 550d, ananena pafupifupi malita 11,2 mafuta. Ndipo izi zimachokera ku makina omwe amalemera matani awiri "ochepa". Zitha kuwoneka zochititsa chidwi poyerekeza ndi magalimoto ena onse, koma si kanthu poyerekeza ndi sitima ya matani 40 yomwe imayenda m'misewu. Chithunzi cha FH16. Ndi kumwa pafupifupi malita 39 a dizilo mafuta pa 100 Km. Kodi kuyerekezera kumeneku n'chiyani? Ndizosavuta - zonse za M550d ndi FH16 zimatengera filosofi ya silinda sikisi mopitirira muyeso, ndipo izi ndizochitika kawirikawiri, koma m'banja la mathirakitala olemera - kaya pamsewu kapena pamsewu.

40 matani si vuto makina awa. Ngakhale m'madera otsetsereka a msewu, FH16 ikupitirizabe "kuyenda" liwiro la 85 km / h, malinga ngati mapindikidwe a ngodya amalola kuyenda mofananamo. Komabe, muzochitika zotere, FH16 sagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri ndipo makamaka ndi makampani omwe amafunikira mayendedwe othamanga m'misewu yotsetsereka. Mphamvu zenizeni zagalimoto iyi sizilinso komanso zosachepera 750 hp. mphamvu ndi torque ya 3550 Nm, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chokoka chonyamula katundu wamkulu komanso wolemetsa monga zida zomangira kapena mizati yopangira ma distillation poyenga. Ku Sweden, kumene, mosiyana ndi ku Ulaya, malamulo amalola masitima olemera kuposa matani 40, pafupifupi matani 60 a katundu, monga matabwa, nthawi zambiri amanyamulidwa. Sikuti silingathe kuthana ndi matani 60 omwe akufunsidwa momasuka mofanana ndi zaka za m'ma 40, malinga ndi ogwira nawo ntchito kuchokera ku auto motor und sport magazine ndi bus subsidiary lastauto omnibus.

Zolemba malire makokedwe pa 950 rpm

Makina okhala ndi ma turbocharger atatu ochokera ku BMW amatha kukwaniritsa torque yayikulu ya 740 Nm pa 2000 rpm. Injini ya Volvo FH16 D16 sindingathe ngakhale kulota za liwiro lotere. Makina a 16,1-lita okhala ndi silinda imodzi yosamutsidwa yofanana ndi botolo la mowa wa 2,5-lita ndi mamililita ena 168 a bonasi, amafika torque yayikulu 3550 Nm pa ... 950 rpm. Ayi, palibe kulakwitsa, ndipo kwenikweni palibe njira ina yotulukira ndi pisitoni awiri a 144mm ndi sitiroko 165mm. Atangotsala pang'ono BMW injini kufika makokedwe ake pazipita, Volvo D16 injini kufika mphamvu yake pazipita - Ndipotu, likupezeka mu osiyanasiyana kuchokera 1600 kuti 1800 rpm.

Mbiri ya D16 idayamba mchaka cha 1993, ndipo pazaka 22 zakukhalapo, mphamvu zake zakula pang'onopang'ono. Mtundu waposachedwa wa D16K tsopano uli ndi ma turbocharger awiri omwe akutuluka kuti akwaniritse muyeso wa Euro 6. Chifukwa cha iwo komanso kuchuluka kwa jakisoni mu unit injector system mpaka 2400 bar, imatha kuperekera makokedwe omwe atchulidwawa koyambirira kwambiri. M'dzina la kusanganikirana bwino kwa mafuta ndi mpweya, jakisoni angapo amachitidwa ndipo "mpweya wotulutsa utsi", womwe umakhala ndi fyuluta ya DPF, chosinthira chothandizira ndi gawo la SCR, uli ndi voliyumu yayikulu kuposa thunthu lonse la BMW.

Chifukwa cha stock M550d all-wheel drive system, palibe vuto kusamutsa mphamvu zonse pamsewu. Ngakhale m'madera amvula, okhalamo anayi sangathe kuchoka, ndipo chifukwa cha M-zikhazikiko za xDrive system, kukopana ndi kumbuyo kumaloledwa. Kuthekera kwenikweni kwa galimotoyo kumawonekera m'mawu omveka bwino a liwiro lopanda malire la msewu waukulu, pomwe madalaivala ambiri amakhala owonjezera. Zilibe kanthu kuti ndi magiya ati asanu ndi atatu omwe amayendetsa makinawo - kupitilira 2000 rpm, makina owonjezera akafika kupsinjika kokwanira (3,0 bar max), makokedwe owopsa amakugunda ndi mphamvu zake zonse ndipo M550d imayamba kusuntha. mwaukhondo komanso molondola kwambiri.

Injini yolemera makilogalamu 1325

Volvo FH47 yokhala ndi 16 HP / Sindingafanane ndi kuthamanga kwamphamvu kwa BMW ndi 127 hp. /l. Komabe, makina olemera omwe ali ndi zosankha zosiyanasiyana za kuchuluka kwa ma axles oyendetsa galimoto amapanga kumverera kwa mphamvu ya titanic, makamaka ikadzaza. Ulusi uliwonse m'thupi lanu umakhala ngati kuyambika kwa kusintha kwa matani 62 ndi kutumiza kwatsopano kwa I-Shift DC dual-clutch, yoyamba yamtundu wake pathirakitala wamsewu waukulu, mwa njira. Kwa magalimoto, makamaka FH16, mamangidwe a zotengera zodziwikiratu ndi zapawiri clutch ndizosiyana ndipo zimaphatikizapo makina oyambira atatu omwe ali ndi gulu lotchedwa osiyanasiyana / kugawanika magiya, kupereka magiya 12. Iwo ali pamzere ndi mwatsatanetsatane kwambiri ndi ndi hiss yochepa ya dongosolo pneumatic. Unyinji wonse umakankhidwira patsogolo, ndikukupangitsani kumva kuti ndi gawo lina la mphamvu ya Newton's equation. Si mathamangitsidwe, ndi misa. Kukwera motsetsereka kapena katundu wamkulu - Volvo FH16 imangowonjezera mapasa ake, jekeseni, yomwe siingapezekebe kwa injini zamagalimoto, imayamba kutsanulira mafuta ambiri a dizilo (kuthamanga kwakukulu ndi 105 l / 100 km), ndi pistoni zazikulu zimasinthasintha minofu yawo. . tengerani mtolo waukulu uwu pamapewa anu. Alibe mtendere, chifukwa posakhalitsa, pamene izi zonse ziyenera kuyimitsidwa, adzayenera kuthandizira dongosolo la braking lachikale. Tekinoloje ya VEB+ (Volvo Engine Break) yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito kuwongolera ma valve kuti igwiritse ntchito mawotchi opondereza ndi otulutsa mpweya kuti ipangitse 470kW ya braking torque. Ngati ndi kotheka, retarder yowonjezera imawonjezedwa kuti iwononge kulemera kwa equation.

Zolemba: mainjiniya a Georgy Kolev

BMW N 57S

Dongosolo lolipiritsa la BMW ndi mgwirizano pakati pa kampani ya Bavaria ndi BorgWarner Turbo System ndipo sichimatchedwa R3S. M'malo mwake, uku ndikukweza kwa R2S turbocharger yogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi kampani yomweyi. Kusiyanitsa pakati pa ziwirizi ndikuti chachitatu, chaching'ononso, turbocharger chimayikidwa munjira yodutsa utsi wolumikiza turbocharger yaying'ono ndi yayikulu. Ndi iyo, dongosololi limakhala lofanana - popeza turbocharger yachitatu imayitanitsa mpweya kwa wamkulu. Crankcase imalumikizidwa ndi zida zamutu - kamangidwe kameneka kamawonjezera mphamvu ya injini. Crankshaft ndi ndodo zolumikizira zimalimbikitsidwanso kuti zipirire kuthamanga kwa 535d kuchokera pa 185 mpaka 200 bar. Kuthamanga kwa jekeseni wamafuta kwakwezedwanso mpaka 2200 bar ndipo makina otsogola amadzi amaziziritsa mpweya woponderezedwa.

Chithunzi cha D16K

Injini ya Volvo D16, yomwe imapangitsanso banja la Penta la zinthu zam'madzi, imapezeka mu mphamvu za 550, 650 ndi 750 hp. Mtundu waposachedwa wa K umalowa m'malo mwa VTG variable geometry turbocharger ndi ma cascade turbocharger awiri. Izi zimalola kukakamiza kwakudzaza kuchuluke pamayendedwe osiyanasiyana. Kuchulukitsa mphamvu kwapakatikati pozizira ndikuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa kupanikizika. Izi zimachepetsa kutentha kwa kuyaka ndi mpweya wa nitrogen oxides. Ngakhale makina osinthidwa ndi Bosch a BM57 a N2200S sangathe kupikisana ndi bar yawo 2400 ndi Volvo yokhala ndi bala la 1325. Kulemera kouma kwa chimphona chachikulu ichi ndi XNUMX kg.

DATA YAUMISILI BMW M 550d

Thupi

4910-seater sedan, kutalika x m'lifupi x kutalika 1860 x 1454 x 2968 mm, wheelbase 1970 mm, net weight 2475 kg, total permissible weight XNUMX kg

Kuyimitsidwa koyima kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo, MacPherson strut kutsogolo wokhala ndi mfuti zolakalaka ziwiri, kumbuyo ndi zopingasa komanso zazitali, coaxial coil akasupe opitilira ma telescopic oyamwa, kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo, mabuleki amkati opumira, kutsogolo / kutsogolo 245, 50 kumbuyo, kumbuyo kumbuyo 19/275 R 35

Kutumiza mphamvu

Bokosi lamagetsi lamagetsi awiri, othamanga eyiti othamanga

Injini

Injini ya dizilo yamizere isanu ndi umodzi yokhala ndi ma turbocharger atatu ndi ma intercoolers, kusamutsidwa kwa 2993 cm³, mphamvu 280 kW (381 hp) pa 4000 rpm, torque yayikulu 740 Nm pa 2000 rpm.

Makhalidwe olimba

0-100 km / h 4,7 gawo

Liwiro lalikulu 250 km / h

Avereji ya mafuta (pakuyesa kwa AMS)

dizilo 11,2 L / 100 Km

VOLVO FH16 ZOCHITIKA

Thupi

Volvo Globetrotter XL, kabati yachitsulo yodzaza ndi zitsulo zapamwamba, zonse zokhala ndi malata. Kuyimitsidwa kwa mpweya wa magawo anayi. Chimango chokhala ndi zinthu zopingasa komanso zotalika zimamangidwa ndi mabawuti ndi ma rivets. Ma stabilizer akutsogolo ndi kumbuyo. Awiri masamba parabolic akasupe kutsogolo, pneumatic ndi mapilo anayi kumbuyo. Mabuleki a disk okhala ndi mphamvu zamagetsi

Kutumiza mphamvu

4 × 2 kapena 6 × 4 kapena 8 × 6, 12-liwiro wapawiri-zowalamulira kufala kapena zodziwikiratu

Injini

Injini ya dizilo yamizere isanu ndi umodzi yokhala ndi ma turbocharger awiri ndi intercooler, unit injector, kusunthira 16 cc, mphamvu 100 kW (551 hp) pa 750 rpm, torque yayikulu 1800 Nm pa 3550 rpm

Makhalidwe olimba

Liwiro lalikulu 250 km / h

Avereji ya mafuta (pamayeso a Lastauto Omnibus) 39,0 l

dizilo / 100 km