Botswana Defense Force Air Force
Kumayambiriro kwa 1979 zida za BDF zidawonjezedwa ku zida ziwiri zonyamula zopepuka za Short SC7 Skyvan 3M-400. Chithunzichi chikuwonetsa ndegeyo ili ndi zizindikiro za fakitale ngakhale isanaperekedwe kwa wolandira wa ku Africa. Photo Internet
Dziko la Botswana, lomwe lili kum’mwera kwa Africa, n’lalikulu kuwirikiza kawiri kuposa dziko la Poland, koma lili ndi anthu mamiliyoni awiri okha. Poyerekeza ndi mayiko ena a kum'mwera kwa Sahara ku Africa, dziko lino lakhala lodekha panjira yopita ku ufulu wodzilamulira - lapewa mikangano yoopsa komanso yamagazi yomwe ili yodziwika kwambiri padziko lapansi.
Mpaka m’chaka cha 1885, m’mayikowa munali anthu a m’mayiko ena omwe ankakhala anthu a mtundu wa Bushmen, kenako Atswana. Mu theka lachiwiri la zaka za zana la khumi ndi zisanu ndi zinayi, boma lidasweka ndi mikangano ya mafuko, anthu ammudzi adakumananso ndi azungu omwe adabwera kuchokera kumwera, kuchokera ku Transvaal, Buroms. A Afrikaner nawonso adamenyera mphamvu ndi atsamunda ochokera ku Great Britain. Zotsatira zake, Bechuanaland, monga momwe boma linkatchulira nthawiyo, linaphatikizidwa muchitetezo cha Britain mu 50. M'zaka za m'ma 1966, magulu omenyera ufulu wadziko adakulirakulira m'gawo lake, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti dziko la Botswana likhazikike mu XNUMX.
Dziko lopangidwa kumene linali limodzi mwa mayiko ochepa amene anali ndi ufulu wodzilamulira kumwera kwa Africa panthawiyo. Ngakhale kuti inali m'dera "lotentha" panthawiyo, pakati pa South Africa, Zambia, Rhodesia (lero Zimbabwe) ndi South West Africa (tsopano Namibia), Botswana inalibe asilikali. Ntchito za paramilitary zinkachitidwa ndi magulu ang'onoang'ono apolisi. Mu 1967, panali maofesala 300 okha omwe anali muutumiki. Ngakhale kuti chiwerengerochi chinawonjezeka kangapo pofika m'ma XNUMX, sichinali chokwanira kutsimikizira chitetezo chamalire.
Kukula kwa ntchito kum'mwera kwa Africa m'zaka za m'ma XNUMX, komwe kumayenderana ndi kukula kwa magulu a "ufulu wadziko" m'derali, kudapangitsa kuti boma la Gaborone lipange gulu lankhondo lomwe lingathe kupereka chitetezo chokwanira kumalire. Ngakhale kuti dziko la Botswana linayesetsa kusaloŵerera m’mikangano imene inasakaza kum’mwera kwa Afirika m’zaka za m’ma XNUMX, XNUMX ndi XNUMX, inagwirizana ndi chikhumbo cha anthu akuda cha ufulu wodzilamulira. Panali nthambi za mabungwe olimbana ndi ulamuliro wa azungu m'mayiko oyandikana nawo, kuphatikizapo. African National Congress (ANC) kapena Zimbabwe People's Revolutionary Army (ZIPRA).
Ndizosadabwitsa kuti magulu ankhondo a Rhodesia, kenako a South African Defence Forces, nthawi ndi nthawi amawononga zinthu zomwe zili mdzikolo. Makonde omwe magulu a zigawenga amanyamulira asilikali kuchokera ku Zambia kupita ku South West Africa (ku Namibia lero) adadutsanso ku Botswana. Kumayambiriro kwa XNUMXs kudawonanso mikangano pakati pa magulu ankhondo aku Botswana ndi Zimbabwe.
Chifukwa cha zomwe zidachitika potsatira lamulo lomwe Nyumba yamalamulo idaperekedwa pa Epulo 13, 1977, maziko a gulu lankhondo adapangidwa - Gulu Lankhondo Lankhondo la Botswana (awa ndi mawu oti apange mapangidwe a ndege omwe amapezeka patsamba la boma) . , dzina lina lodziwika bwino ndi Air Wing of the Botswana Defense Force). Magawo oyendetsa ndege amapangidwa kutengera maziko a gulu la apolisi oyenda (PMU). Mu 1977, chigamulo chinapangidwa kugula Britten Norman Defender woyamba, wokonzedwa kuti aziyendera malire. M’chaka chomwecho, ogwira ntchito m’gululi anaphunzitsidwa ku UK. Poyamba mayunitsiwa ankagwira ntchito ku bwalo la boma la Gaborone, komanso ku Francistown ndi malo ang’onoang’ono otsikirako.
Mbiri ya gawo loyendetsa ndege la Botswana Defense Forces silinayambe bwino. Pamene adasamutsidwa ku UK kwa ndege yachiwiri ya BN2A-1 Defender, adakakamizika kuti apite mwadzidzidzi ku Maiduguri, Nigeria, komwe adamangidwa ndikusamutsidwa ku Lagos; bukuli linasweka mu May 1978. Pa October 31, 1978, Defender wina anafika ku Botswana, mwamwayi nthawi ino; adalandira dzina lofanana ndi lomwe adatsogolera (OA2). Chaka chotsatira, pa Ogasiti 9, 1979, pafupi ndi Francistown, BN2A iyi idawomberedwa ndi mizinga ya mamilimita 20 ndi helikopita ya Alouette III (K Car) ya gulu lachisanu ndi chiwiri la Rhodesian Air Force Squadron. Kenako ndegeyo idatenga nawo gawo polimbana ndi gulu la Rhodesian, pobwerera kuchokera kunkhondo yolimbana ndi zigawenga za ZIPRA - phiko lankhondo la Zimbabwe African People's Union (ZAPU). Oyendetsa ndegewa apulumuka, koma ngozi ya Defender inagwera kwambiri pa bwalo la ndege la Francistown. Aka kanali koyamba kuti helikoputala ya Rhodesian Air Force idawononga bwino ndege, ndipo imodzi mwa ochepa idapambana ndi rotorcraft motsutsana ndi ndege pankhondo.
Ochepa mwamwayi anali antchito a BN2A ina, yomwe idagwa pa Novembara 20, 1979 atangonyamuka kuchokera ku Kwando Airfield. Ngoziyi idapha anthu atatu (kuphatikiza mchimwene wake wa Purezidenti wa Botswana). Pautumiki wawo ndi Botswana Defense Force (BDF), ndege zamapiko apamwamba aku Britain zidagwiritsidwa ntchito poyang'anira malire, kuthamangitsidwa kwachipatala ndi zonyamula anthu ovulala. Ndege imodzi inali ndi chitseko chakumbali chotsetsereka kuti chizitha kutsitsa (OA12). Pazonse, ndege idalandira Oteteza khumi ndi atatu, olembedwa OA1 ku OA6 (BN2A-21 Defender) ndi OA7 ku OA12 (BN2B-20 Defender); monga tanenera kale, dzina la OA2 linagwiritsidwa ntchito kawiri.
