Hydrojeni kapena magetsi enieni: Ndi chiyani chomwe chili bwino pagalimoto yanu yotsatira yopepuka ya Ford Ranger, Toyota HiLux kapena Renault Trafic?

Ford F-150 Lightning idzakhala imodzi mwa magalimoto oyambirira amagetsi omwe akupezeka kuti agulidwe, koma pakadali pano, ndi a US okha.

Ponena za magalimoto, mphepo yakusintha ikuwomba mwamphamvu tsiku lililonse. Anthu ena angakhale atagula kale galimoto yawo yomaliza ya petulo kapena dizilo mosadziwa. Kwa ife tonse, ndi nkhani ya "liti", osati "ngati" titembenukira kumbuyo kwa injini zoyaka mkati.

Ngakhale zili choncho, pali mafunso ena. Magalimoto amagetsi (EVs) aposa magalimoto amagetsi a hydrogen fuel cell (FCEVs), magalimoto amagetsi akuyenda kuchokera kuzinthu zamagalimoto kupita kuzinthu zomwe amazilakalaka pazaka khumi zapitazi. Komabe, opanga ambiri akadali kubetcha kwakukulu kuti ma FCEV adzakhala gawo la tsogolo lathu lamagalimoto, ndipo ambiri aiwo amawona haidrojeni ngati gwero labwino lamagetsi pamagalimoto azamalonda amtsogolo.

Ndiye, kodi galimoto yanu yotsatira ya tani imodzi kapena galimoto yantchito idzakhala ndi batire yayikulu ikulendewera pansi, kapena m'malo mwake idzasewere cell yamafuta azaka zakuthambo ndi thanki ya haidrojeni? Palibe chifukwa chodabwitsidwa, chifukwa khulupirirani kapena ayi, magalimoto amtundu wamtunduwu ali pafupi kwambiri ndi zenizeni zachipinda chowonera kuposa momwe mungaganizire.

batire yamagetsi

Pakalipano, anthu ambiri amadziwa za magalimoto amagetsi a batri, ubwino ndi zovuta zawo. Magalimoto monga Tesla Model S, Model 3 ndi Nissan Leaf amagwira ntchito molimbika pano, ndipo m'zaka zaposachedwa adalumikizidwa ndi magalimoto monga Hyundai Ioniq, Mercedes EQC, Jaguar I-Pace ndi Audi E-Tron. Koma mpaka pano, pakhala pali magalimoto ochepa kwambiri ogulitsa magetsi onse m'dziko lino.

M'malo mwake, kupatula galimoto yonyamula mafuta ya Fuso yomwe yangotulutsidwa kumene, Renault Kangoo ZE ndiye hatchi yokhayo yamagetsi kuchokera kwa opanga ambiri omwe akugulitsidwa ku Australia mpaka pano, ndipo kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwake kwakhala…

Chifukwa chake ndi ndalama zokwana $50,290 musanapereke ndalama zoyendera komanso mtunda waufupi wa 200 km. Popeza kukula kwake ngati van yaing'ono, chiŵerengero cha mtengo ndi malipiro ndi chocheperapo, ndipo chiwerengero chochepa pa mtengo umodzi ndi cholepheretsa chachikulu pa chinthu chomwe chimaperekedwa ngati galimoto yobweretsera. Izi zitha kukhala zomveka m'mizinda ndi matauni ang'onoang'ono komanso ocheperako aku Europe, koma osati m'matawuni akulu aku Australia - pokhapokha zitapita kutali kwambiri ndi komwe amakhala.

Koma kukonza njira si ntchito yophweka, ndipo magalimoto ambiri amagetsi amayenera kutsatira njanji ya matayala a Kangoo. Ku US, Ford F-150 Mphezi yatsala pang'ono kugunda malo owonetserako ndipo imadzitamandira pamtunda wa makilomita 540 pa mtengo umodzi, matani 4.5 a mphamvu yokoka, mphamvu ya 420 kW, 1050 Nm ya torque komanso luso lokhala m'deralo batire paketi zida mphamvu.

Komanso ku US, mtundu wa Hummer posachedwa udzaukitsidwa ngati SUV yamagetsi onse. Kuthandiza kwake kwa amalonda kumatha kuchepetsedwa ndi thupi lake laling'ono, koma kuthekera kwake kopanda msewu kudzasangalatsa, ndipo pafupifupi mtunda wa 620 km uyenera kuchepetsa nkhawa za madalaivala ambiri. Kuthamangira ku 0 km / h mumasekondi atatu kuyeneranso kukhala kosangalatsa.

Kenako, pali Cybertruck ya Tesla, yomwe idaba chiwonetserochi chaka chatha ndi makongoletsedwe ake (kwenikweni) komanso lonjezo lopanga zipolopolo komanso magwiridwe antchito odabwitsa. Komabe, mosiyana ndi Ford ndi Hummer, sitinawonebe mtundu wopanga.

Rivian waku America wati mwina ikhazikitsidwa ku Australia, ndipo R1T yomwe idawonedwa posachedwa yafika ku Australia kuti iyesedwe kwanuko. Ndi 550 kW/1124 Nm ndi utali wautali pafupifupi 640 km, iyeneranso kukhala yosinthasintha komanso mphamvu kuti ntchitoyi ichitike.

Makina opanga magalimoto aku China a GWM atitumiziranso galimoto yamagetsi ya kukula kwa Hilux, koma mtundu womangidwa kwanuko ukubwera posachedwa ngati mawonekedwe a ACE EV X1 Transformer. Yopangidwa ndi oyambitsa ku Australia a ACE, X1 Transformer idzakhala yapadenga lamtunda wautali van 90kW, 255Nm, yolipira 1110kg ndi mtundu weniweni wa 215 mpaka 258km. Ndi liwiro lalikulu la 90 km / h, zikuwonekeratu kuti X1 Transformer imangoyenera kuyendetsedwa mugalimoto yobweretsera, ndipo palibe tsiku logulitsa, koma ngati mtengo uli wolondola, ukhoza kukhala wopikisana kwa ena. malonda. 

Ku Ulaya, ma vani monga Peugeot Partner Electric, Mercedes-Benz eSprinter ndi Fiat E-Ducato ndi zenizeni zopanga, zomwe zimasonyeza kuti teknoloji yamagetsi ya batri ndi yokhwima mokwanira kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito. Komabe, pali zolakwika zina.

Ngakhale ndikosavuta kupeza malo oti mulipirire - ingopezani malo aliwonse akale opangira magetsi - nthawi zolipiritsa magalimoto ambiri amagetsi amatha kukhala ankhanza pokhapokha chojambulira chodzipatulira chikugwiritsidwa ntchito. Pafupifupi maola 8 ndi chizolowezi, koma batire ikakula, m'pamenenso mumafunika kuti mukhale olumikizidwa, ndipo ngati zonse zomwe muli nazo ndi socket yapakhomo ya 230V, nthawi yolipira imatha mpaka tsiku lathunthu.

Nkhawa zambiri - kuopa kutsekeredwa kwinakwake ndi batire yakufa komanso nthawi yayitali yolipiritsa - ndichinthu chomaliza chomwe wogwiritsa ntchito wamalonda amafunikira, ndipo nthawi yomwe mumagwiritsa ntchito pa charger ndi nthawi yomwe galimoto yanu yogwirira ntchito sikuthandizani kuti mupeze ndalama. Mabatire a EV nawonso ndi olemetsa, amanyamula katundu ndipo - pankhani ya thupi-pa-frame - amawonjezera kulemera kwa gulu lagalimoto lolemera kale.

Ndiye njira ina ndi iti?

Mafuta a haidrojeni

Kuphatikiza pa kusadalira kwambiri zinthu zambiri zamtengo wapatali monga batri yamankhwala, selo yamafuta a hydrogen ilinso ndi maubwino awiri: kulemera kochepa komanso kuthamanga kwambiri.

Kuchotsa chilango cholemetsa kwa paketi yaikulu ya batri sikuti kumapangitsa kuti galimotoyo ikhale yowonjezereka, imathandizanso kuti galimotoyo ikhale yolemera kwambiri ponyamula katunduyo. Kupambana pankhani yamagalimoto amalonda, sichoncho?

Hyundai amaganiza choncho. Kampani yaku South Korea posachedwapa yalengeza mapulani ake otsogolera FCEVS, kulunjika makamaka gawo lazamalonda, makamaka magalimoto akuluakulu ndi apakatikati ndi mabasi, komanso magalimoto ochepa ndi ma vani. 

Hyundai ili kale ndi magalimoto opangidwa ndi hydrogen omwe akuyesedwa m'mikhalidwe yeniyeni ku Ulaya, kumene zipangizo za hydrogen zilipo kale, ndipo mpaka pano zotsatira zake ndi zolimbikitsa.

Komabe, teknoloji idakali yakhanda poyerekeza ndi magalimoto amagetsi, ndipo ngakhale Hyundai amavomereza kuti FCEVs ali kutali kwambiri ndi nthawi yoyamba. Komabe, kampaniyo ikuyembekeza kuti pofika kumapeto kwa zaka khumi izi idzatha kupereka galimoto yonyamula mafuta a hydrogen pamtengo wofanana ndi galimoto yamagetsi yofanana ndi yamagetsi, pomwe ma FCEV adzakhala otheka.

Ndipo imeneyo ndi nkhani yabwino kwa iwo omwe akuda nkhawa ndi nthawi ya EV recharge, popeza akasinja a FCEV amatha kudzaza nthawi yofanana ndi magalimoto amasiku ano a petulo ndi dizilo. Vuto lokhalo lomwe liyenera kuthetsedwa ndi zomangamanga: ku Australia, malo opangira ma haidrojeni kulibeko kunja kwa malo ochepa oyesera.

Komabe, Europe ili kale ndi magalimoto angapo opangira ma hydrogen omwe akupita kumalo owonetsera. Renault Master ZE Hydrogen, Peugeot e-Expert Hydrogen ndi Citroen Dispatch ndi okonzeka kupanga ndipo amapereka magwiridwe antchito ofanana ndi kuthekera kolemetsa kwa anzawo amagetsi onse ndi injini zoyaka.

Komabe, ponena za double cab FCEV, palibe zochitika zambiri. H2X Global yochokera ku Queensland ikukonzekera kukhazikitsa Warrego Ute yake kumapeto kwa chaka chino, pomwe galimoto yochokera ku Ford Ranger idzakhala ndi cell yamafuta ya 66kW kapena 90kW kuti ipangitse batire yakunyumba ndi injini ya 200kW/350Nm. 

Magwiridwe ake ndi avareji: liwiro lapamwamba la 110km/h la 66 kW version (150 km/h pa 90 kW version) ndi malipiro apamwamba a 2500 kg. Malipiro ake a 1000 kg ndi abwino kuposa magalimoto ena apawiri.

Komabe, H2X Global imati Warrego azitha kuyenda osachepera 500km pa thanki imodzi ya haidrojeni, ndipo cell yamafuta ya 90kW idzakankhira chiwerengerochi ku 750km. Kutha kwa gasi? Nthawi yowonjezera mafuta iyenera kukhala mphindi zitatu kapena zisanu, osati maola asanu ndi atatu kapena kuposa.

Ngakhale zikhala zokwera mtengo kwambiri. Mtundu wa 66kW Warrego woyambira ukuyembekezeka kuwononga $189,000, pomwe mitundu ya 90kW ikuyembekezeka kukhala pakati pa $235,000 ndi $250,000. Mabanja omwe ali ndi netiweki yocheperako potengera gasi komanso kuthekera kwa Warrego sizikuwoneka bwino.

Pakhala pali mphekesera kuti Toyota HiLux FCEV ikhoza kupititsa patsogolo luso la Toyota la haidrojeni ndi galimoto ya Mirai, komabe palibe chomwe chatsimikiziridwa. HiLux sanatengepo gawo lokonzekera kusakanizidwa, zomwe zikuyembekezeka kuchitika pofika 2025, mwina ndi dizilo-electric powertrain.

Komabe, mitengo ikatsika ndipo masiteshoni a haidrojeni achuluka, mungasankhe chiyani? Kodi nthawi yothamanga kwambiri pa haidrojeni ndi chinthu chomwe chikugwirizana ndi moyo wanu, kapena galimoto yamagetsi kapena galimoto yokongola kwambiri kubizinesi yanu? ...