Hydrogen ndi low carbon hydrogen
Zamkatimu
Hydrogen Yobiriwira kapena Decarbonated: Kodi Imasintha Chiyani Poyerekeza ndi Gray Hydrogen
Amadziwika kuti ndi mphamvu zongowonjezedwanso poyerekeza ndi mafuta oyambira pansi
Ngakhale kuti mayiko padziko lonse lapansi amayesetsa kuchepetsa mpweya woipa, kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mphamvu kumafufuzidwa, makamaka pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zowonjezera (hydraulic, mphepo ndi dzuwa), koma osati kokha.
Choncho, hydrogen nthawi zambiri imawonetsedwa ngati mphamvu yowonjezera mphamvu yokhala ndi tsogolo lowala pazifukwa zingapo: kuyendetsa bwino kwamafuta poyerekeza ndi mafuta, zinthu zambiri, komanso kusowa kwa mpweya woipa. Imawonedwanso ngati njira yosungiramo mphamvu pomwe maukonde amapaipi omwe amanyamulidwa nawo akuyamba kukula (mapaipi odzipereka a 4500 km padziko lonse lapansi). Ichi ndichifukwa chake nthawi zambiri amawonedwa ngati mafuta a mawa. Kuphatikiza apo, Europe ikuyika ndalama zambiri mmenemo, monga France ndi Germany, zomwe zayambitsa ndondomeko zothandizira chitukuko cha haidrojeni pamtengo wa 7 biliyoni euro ndi 9 biliyoni iliyonse.
Komabe, hydrogen sadziwika. Ngakhale kuti panopa sakugwiritsidwa ntchito pamlingo waukulu ngati mafuta opangira mafuta m'magalimoto amagetsi, amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale. Ndi chinthu chofunika kwambiri pa ntchito zina monga kuyenga kapena kuchotsa sulphurization ya mafuta. Amagwiranso ntchito mu metallurgy, agribusiness, chemistry ... Ku France kokha, matani 922 a haidrojeni amapangidwa ndikudyedwa chaka chilichonse kuti apange dziko lapansi matani 000 miliyoni.
M'mbiri yakale kuwononga kwambiri haidrojeni
Koma tsopano chithunzicho sichinali chowoneka bwino. Chifukwa ngati haidrojeni saipitsa chilengedwe, ndi chinthu chomwe sichipezeka monga momwe chilili m'chilengedwe, ngakhale kuti magwero angapo osowa apezeka. Chifukwa chake, pamafunika kupanga kwapadera, mwanjira yomwe imayipitsa kwambiri chilengedwe, chifukwa imatulutsa CO2 yambiri ndipo mu 95% yamilandu imachokera kumafuta.
Masiku ano, pafupifupi ma hydrogen onse amapangidwa chifukwa cha kutuluka kwa mpweya wachilengedwe (methane), kutsekemera kwapang'ono kwamafuta, kapena pakupanga makala. Mulimonsemo, kupanga kilogalamu imodzi ya haidrojeni kumapanga pafupifupi 10 kg ya CO2. Kumbali ya chilengedwe, tibwereranso, chifukwa kuchuluka kwa mpweya wa haidrojeni padziko lonse lapansi (matani 63 miliyoni) motero kumatulutsa mpweya wofanana ndi mpweya wa CO2 kuchokera pamaulendo onse apandege!
Kupanga kwa electrolysis
Ndiye kodi haidrojeni imeneyi ingakhale yabwino bwanji kuipitsa mpweya ngati imangochotsa kuipitsa kumtunda?
Palinso njira ina yopangira haidrojeni: electrolysis. Kupanga mphamvu zamagetsi kumatchedwa gray hydrogen, pomwe madzi a electrolysis amatulutsa mpweya wa hydrogen wochepa kapena wochepa.
Monga momwe dzinalo likusonyezera, njira yopangira iyi imalola kuti haidrojeni ipangidwe ndikuchepetsa mpweya wake, ndiye kuti, popanda kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zamagetsi komanso mpweya wochepa wa CO2. Izi zimafuna madzi okha (H2O) ndi magetsi, zomwe zimathandiza kuti dihydrogen (H2) ndi mpweya (O) particles asokonezeke.
Apanso, haidrojeni yopangidwa ndi electrolysis ndi "low carbon" pokhapokha ngati magetsi omwe amamupatsa mphamvu alinso "carbonated".
Pakalipano, mtengo wopangira haidrojeni ndi electrolysis ndi wokwera kwambiri, pafupifupi kawiri kapena kanayi kuposa wa kupanga nthunzi, malingana ndi magwero ndi kafukufuku.
Mafuta agalimoto zamawa?
Ndi haidrojeni yopanda kaboni iyi yomwe ikulimbikitsidwa ndi mapulani aku France ndi Germany. Poyambirira, haidrojeni iyi iyenera kukwaniritsa zosowa zamakampani komanso kupereka njira yosunthira kwambiri yomwe mabatire sangasankhe. Izi zikugwiranso ntchito pamayendedwe apanjanji, magalimoto, zoyendera mitsinje ndi nyanja, kapenanso zoyendera ndege ...
Ziyenera kunenedwa kuti selo yamafuta a haidrojeni imatha kuyendetsa galimoto yamagetsi kapena kulipiritsa batire yolumikizidwa nayo ndi kudziyimira pawokha kwakukulu pakatha mphindi zochepa, ngati injini yoyaka mkati, koma osatulutsa CO2 kapena tinthu tating'ono ndi nthunzi yamadzi yokha. Koma kachiwiri, popeza mtengo wopangira ndi wokwera kuposa mtengo woyenga mafuta ndi injini, zomwe pakali pano ndizokwera mtengo kwambiri, selo yamafuta a hydrogen sichikuyembekezeka kukula mwachangu pakanthawi kochepa, ngakhale kuti Hydrogen Council ikuyerekeza kuti mafutawa amatha mphamvu. Magalimoto 10 mpaka 15 miliyoni mzaka khumi zikubwerazi.
