Dalaivala kudzera m'maso mwa katswiri wa zamaganizo
Mafunso ndi Dorota Bonk-Gyda, Mtsogoleri wa Dipatimenti ya Road Transport Psychology ku Transport Institute.
Department of Road Transport Psychology ndi bungwe lotsogola m’dziko muno lomwe limayang’anira nkhani zokhudzana ndi makhalidwe a anthu okonda misewu. 
Kodi mutu wa ntchito yofufuza mwatsatanetsatane ndi yotani?
Dorothy Bank-Gaida: Dipatimenti ya Psychology of Road Transport ya Motor Transport Institute imayang'ana zowunikira zomwe zimayambitsa ngozi zapamsewu ndi ngozi. Timapereka chidwi kwambiri pa kafukufuku wasayansi wamakhalidwe a madalaivala potengera momwe amagwirira ntchito pamagalimoto, kuyambira pamachitidwe omwe amaphwanya chitetezo cha apaulendo, ndikumaliza ndi zochitika zomwe zimawopseza moyo ndi thanzi la oyendetsa galimoto. otenga nawo mbali.
Mmodzi mwa mayendedwe a kusanthula kwathu ndi makhalidwe a maganizo a madalaivala aang'ono monga ochita ngozi zapamsewu kawirikawiri - (zaka 18-24). Kuonjezera apo, mu dipatimenti timachita ndi zinthu zosafunika, i.e. zochitika zaukali pamisewu ndi kuledzera kwa oyendetsa magalimoto. Chifukwa cha zomwe takumana nazo komanso mgwirizano wa gulu lathu ndi ma laboratories amisala ochokera ku Poland konse, timatha kusanthula mitundu yosiyanasiyana mosiyanasiyana. Pobwezera, timapeza gwero lapadera lachidziwitso chokhudza khalidwe ndi zizolowezi za oyendetsa galimoto. Ndikufuna kuzindikira kuti ndife bungwe lokhalo lofufuzira ku Poland lomwe limapanga njira zofufuzira zamaganizidwe a madalaivala, ndipo zofalitsa za dipatimentiyi ndizolemba zapadera pazambiri zama psychology.
Kufunika kwa gawo lathu kumatsimikiziridwa ndi mfundo yakuti kufufuza kwamaganizo kwa madalaivala kungatheke kokha ndi katswiri wa zamaganizo ndi chiyeneretso cha katswiri, wotsimikiziridwa ndi kulowa m'mabuku osungidwa ndi oyendetsa voivodeship. Choncho, pofuna kufalitsa chidziwitso pankhani ya chitetezo cha pamsewu, ogwira ntchito ku dipatimentiyi akugwira nawo ntchito yophunzitsa akatswiri a zamaganizo omwe akufuna kupeza chiyeneretso pochititsa makalasi ophunzirira ndi othandiza ndi ophunzira omaliza maphunziro a psychology. Njira ina yophunzitsira ndi masemina komanso maphunziro apadera. Olandira, mwa ena Apolisi apamsewu Achigawo, akatswiri azamalamulo, akatswiri azamisala zamagalimoto.
Kodi maphunziro omwe adachitika ku labu ya ZPT ndi zotsatira zake amatsimikizira chikhulupiliro chodziwika bwino chokhudza zizolowezi zoyipa za madalaivala aku Poland ndi kulimba mtima kwawo kwa banal?
Kafukufuku wasayansi wochitidwa pa dipatimentiyi amawonetsa zochitika zina kudzera mu kusanthula mwatsatanetsatane malingaliro ndi zolinga za oyendetsa. Zotsatira zake zidapangidwa kuti zithetseretu nthano za anthu okhudzana ndi magalimoto, monga momwe mowa umakhudzira kuyendetsa bwino. Monga asayansi, timatsutsa kuponyedwa kwa anthu oyendetsa misewu, monga oyendetsa galimoto motsutsana ndi oyendetsa njinga zamoto, chifukwa cholinga chathu chiri pamwamba pa zonse kulimbikitsa makhalidwe otetezeka ndikufalitsa mfundo za chikhalidwe cha kuyendetsa galimoto ndi kulemekezana pamsewu.
Kusanthula kwa zochitika zamaganizidwe mumayendedwe kumatilola kuwonetsa mwayi wokhudza kuwongolera chitetezo chamsewu. Payekha, dalaivala aliyense akuyesedwa mu labotale yamaganizo a Dipatimenti, atayesedwa, amalandira malingaliro amomwe angapangire chitonthozo chogwira ntchito pamsewu, poganizira mphamvu zawo ndi zofooka zawo. Komanso nthawi zambiri timakaonana ndi madokotala (ophthalmologists, neurologists) kuti aone ngati palibe kapena kukhalapo kwa zotsutsana ndi kuyendetsa galimoto monga gawo la kupewa mwa munthu wopatsidwa.
Kodi n'zotheka kuyesa, kutengera kusanthula kwa zotsatira zafukufuku zomwe zasonkhanitsidwa, kumene chiwawa cha magalimoto chimachokera?
Ntchito za dipatimentiyi zikuphatikizanso kupanga mapologalamu ophunzitsira ndikuwaphunzitsanso magulu enaake a madalaivala kapena odziwa zamayendedwe. Ntchito yophunzitsa ya dipatimentiyi imathandiziranso kutchuka kwa zotsatira za kafukufuku wathu pamisonkhano yasayansi ndi masemina. Timasanthula kuchuluka kwa madalaivala aku Poland motengera momwe amakhudzira malingaliro awo, kuphatikiza chizolowezi chochita zoopsa pamagalimoto.
Timayesa kufalitsa chidziwitso chathu mwa kutenga nawo mbali mwachangu m'misonkhano yamagulu, mwachitsanzo mwa kuchenjeza za kuyendetsa galimoto moledzeretsa kapena kulankhula mwachindunji ndi madalaivala achichepere ndi khalidwe lawo pamsewu. Ndipo potsiriza, kupyolera muzochita zathu, timayesetsa kufikira onse akatswiri a chitetezo cha pamsewu komanso kwa madalaivala osiyanasiyana, onse akatswiri ndi amateur, kuphatikizapo kudzera pawailesi yakanema, kupereka kafukufuku wa akatswiri omwe amafotokoza zomwe zimayambitsa ndi zotsatira za zochitika zenizeni pamsewu.
Kodi n'zotheka, malinga ndi malamulo amakono, kuchotseratu anthu omwe alibe mwayi woyendetsa galimoto asanakhale dalaivala?
Malamulo omwe alipo panopa pa mayesero a maganizo a madalaivala amaika udindo umenewu pa gulu linalake la ofunsidwa. Mayeso oterowo ndi ovomerezeka kwa madalaivala (malori, mabasi), onyamula, oyendetsa taxi, oyendetsa ma ambulansi, alangizi oyendetsa galimoto, oyesa ndi oyendetsa osankhidwa ndi madokotala.
Kafukufukuyu akukhudzanso anthu omwe atumizidwa mokakamizidwa ndi apolisi kuti akafufuzidwe. Izi ndi izi: oyambitsa ngozi, madalaivala omwe amamangidwa chifukwa choyendetsa galimoto ataledzera kapena kupitirira malire omwe amalepheretsa. Dipatimenti yathu imapanga njira zoyesera zamaganizidwe a madalaivala, i.e. mayeso ndi malangizo ofunikira kuti adziwe zolondola komanso zolondola zamagalimoto oyendetsa omwe ali pamwambapa. Tsoka ilo, timangoyang'ana madalaivala aku Poland ndi kutumizidwa ndi dokotala. Chifukwa chake, tilibe mwayi wovomerezeka wowongolera madalaivala a novice, ndipo ndiwo oyambitsa ngozi zambiri (madalaivala azaka 18-24).
Zotsatira zake, ziphaso zoyendetsa galimoto zimaperekedwa kwa anthu omwe amadziwa malamulo oyendetsa galimoto, koma angakhale osakhwima m'maganizo, osagwirizana ndi anthu, odana ndi ampikisano, kapena amantha mopambanitsa motero akhoza kukhala owopsa. Kusapezeka kwa mayeso amalingaliro a anthu ofuna kuyendetsa galimoto kumatanthauza kuti ufulu woyendetsa galimoto umaperekedwa kwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto lamalingaliro ndi malingaliro. Cholakwika china chofunikira pamalamulo aku Poland ndi kusowa kwa mayeso ovomerezeka a okalamba ndi okalamba. Madalaivala awa nthawi zambiri amakhala pachiwopsezo kwa iwo eni ndi ena, chifukwa sangathe kuwunika bwino momwe angayendetsere kuyendetsa galimoto.
Ngati adzipereka kuti akafufuze, angaphunzire zambiri zamtengo wapatali ponena za zolephera zawo, zomwe zingawathandize kusankha ngati apitirize kuyendetsa okha kapena ayi. M'malingaliro anga, kukhazikitsidwa kwa kuyesa kovomerezeka kwa oyendetsa galimoto ndi anthu opitirira zaka XNUMX kudzawonjezera kuzindikira kwa anthuwa ndipo kungachepetse kwambiri chiwerengero cha ngozi zapamsewu zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi magulu a madalaivalawa.
Udindo woonetsetsa kuti munthu ali woyenera kuyendetsa galimoto uyenera kupitilira osati kwa anthu okhawo omwe amayendetsa galimoto kuti apeze phindu, komanso kwa anthu onse okhudzidwa ndi magalimoto apamsewu, mwachitsanzo, kwa oyendetsa magalimoto onyamula anthu, oyendetsa njinga zamoto, ndi zina zotero. ya oyendetsa amitundu yonse yamagalimoto, ndipo kuyesa mwadongosolo kulimbitsa thupi kumagwira ntchito yodzitetezera komanso yophunzitsa kudzera mu chitsogozo cha akatswiri azamisala zamagalimoto.
Dorothy Bank-Guide, Massachusetts
Mtsogoleri wa Dipatimenti ya Psychology of Road Transport ku Road Transport Institute ku Warsaw.
Anamaliza maphunziro awo ku Faculty of Psychology ku yunivesite ya Cardinal Stefan Wyshinsky ku Warsaw. Omaliza Maphunziro a Postgraduate mu Transport Psychology. Mu 2007 adamaliza maphunziro ake a udokotala pazachuma pa University of Entrepreneurship and Management. Leon Kozminsky ku Warsaw. Katswiri wa zamaganizo amaloledwa kuchita mayesero amaganizo a madalaivala.
