Vladimir Kramnik ndiye ngwazi ya chess padziko lonse lapansi
Zamkatimu
Professional Chess Association (PCA) ndi bungwe la chess lomwe linakhazikitsidwa ndi Garry Kasparov ndi Nigel Short mu 1993. Chiyanjanocho chinapangidwa chifukwa cha Kasparov (pamenepo ngwazi yapadziko lonse) ndi Short (wopambana) osavomereza ndalama za mpikisano wapadziko lonse wa FIDE (International Chess Federation). Nigel Short ndiye anapambana masewera oyenerera FIDE, ndi machesi Otsatira anagonjetsa wakale ngwazi dziko Anatoly Karpov ndi Jan Timman. Atathamangitsidwa ku FIDE, Kasparov ndi Short adasewera masewera ku London mu 1993 omwe adatha mu kupambana kwa 12½: 7½ kwa Kasparov. Kuwonekera kwa SPS ndi kulinganiza kwa mpikisano wothamanga mutu wa ngwazi yapadziko lonse lapansi kudapangitsa kugawanika m'dziko la chess. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, masewera a mpikisano wapadziko lonse adakonzedwa m'njira ziwiri: ndi FIDE ndi mabungwe omwe adakhazikitsidwa ndi Kasparov. Vladimir Kramnik adakhala ngwazi yapadziko lonse ya Braingames (PCA continuation) mu 2000 atagonjetsa Kasparov. Mu 2006, machesi ogwirizana mutu wa ngwazi dziko, kenako Vladimir Kramnik anakhala wovomerezeka dziko Chess ngwazi.
1. Young Volodya Kramnik, gwero: http://bit.ly/3pBt9Ci
Vladimir Borisovich Kramnik (Russian: Vladimir Borisovich Kramnik) anabadwa pa June 25, 1975 ku Tuapse, m'chigawo cha Krasnodar, pamphepete mwa nyanja ya Black Sea. Bambo ake anaphunzira ku Academy of Arts ndipo anakhala wosemasema ndi wojambula. Amayi anamaliza maphunziro awo ku Lviv, ndipo pambuyo pake anagwira ntchito yophunzitsa nyimbo. Kuyambira ali wamng'ono, Volodya ankaonedwa ngati mwana wodabwitsa mumzinda wakwawo (1). Ali ndi zaka 3, adayang'ana masewera omwe mchimwene wake wamkulu ndi abambo ake ankasewera. Kuwona chidwi cha Vladimir wamng'ono, bambo anaika vuto losavuta pa chessboard, ndipo mwana mosayembekezera, pafupifupi nthawi yomweyo, molondola anathetsa. Posakhalitsa, Volodya anayamba kusewera chess kwa abambo ake. Ali ndi zaka 10, anali kale wosewera bwino kwambiri mu Tuapse yonse. Pamene Vladimir zaka 11, banja lonse anasamukira ku Moscow. Apo adapita kusukulu ya talente ya chess, adalengedwa ndikuyendetsedwa ndi yemwe adathandizirapo kale Garry Kasparov. Makolo ake nawonso anathandiza pa chitukuko cha talente Vladimir, ndipo bambo ake ngakhale anasiya ntchito kutsagana ndi mwana wake mu mpikisano.
Pa khumi ndi zisanu wosewera waluso wa chess amakhoza kusewera m'maso ndi otsutsa makumi awiri nthawi imodzi! Pokakamizidwa ndi Kasparov, Kramnik wamng'ono anaphatikizidwa mu gulu la chess la Russia ndipo ali ndi zaka 16 zokha, adaimira Russia pa Chess Olympiad ku Manila. Sananyenge ziyembekezo zake ndipo pamasewera asanu ndi anayi omwe adaseweredwa pamasewera a Olimpiki, adapambana eyiti ndikutulutsa chigoli chimodzi. Mu 1995, adapeza chigonjetso chake choyamba pa World Championship ku Dortmund popanda kugonja kamodzi pampikisanowo. M'zaka zotsatira, Kramnik adapitilizabe kuchita bwino kwambiri ndipo adapambana mpikisano wa 9 ku Dortmund.
Masewera a Braingames World Chess Championship
Mu 2000 ku London Kramnik adasewera mpikisano wapadziko lonse lapansi ndi Kasparov ndi Brainggames (2). Pamasewera ovuta kwambiri, omwe anali ndi masewera 16, Kramnik mosayembekezereka adagonjetsa mphunzitsi wake Kasparov, yemwe wakhala akukhala pampando wa chess mosalekeza kwa zaka 16 zapitazo.
2. Vladimir Kramnyk - Garry Kasparov, masewera a mpikisano wapadziko lonse wa bungwe la Brainggames, gwero: https://bit.ly/3cozwoR
Vladimir Kramnyk - Garry Kasparov
Masewera a Mpikisano Wapadziko Lonse wa Braingames ku London, kuzungulira 10, Okutobala 24.10.2000, XNUMX, XNUMX
1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 e6 3.Sc3 Gb4 4.e3 O -O 5.Gd3 d5 6.Sf3 c5 7.OO c:d4 8.e:d4 d:c4 9.G:c4 b6 10.Gg5 Gb7 11.We1 Nbd7 12.Wc1 Wc8 13.Hb3 Ge7 14.G:f6 S:f6 15.G:e6 (chithunzi 3) q:e6 ndi? (Ndinayenera kusewera 15… Rc7 16.Sg5 N:d4 17.S:f7 Bc5 18.Sd6+ Kh8 19.S:b7 H:f2+ ndipo Black ali ndi malipiro a pawn yotayika) 16.H:e6+Kh8 17.H:e7 G:f3 18.g:f3 Q:d4 19.Sb5 H:b2? (bwino zinali 19…Qd2 20.W:c8 W:c8 21.Sd6 Rb8 22.Sc4 Qd5 23.H: a7 Ra8 zoyera pang'ono) 20.W: c8 W: c8 21.Nd6 Rb8 22.Nf7 + Kg8 23.Qe6 Rf8 24.Nd8 + Kh8 25.Qe7 1-0 (chithunzi 4).
3. Vladimir Kramnik - Garry Kasparov, udindo pambuyo pa 15.G: e6
4. Vladimir Kramnik - Garry Kasparov, kumaliza malo pambuyo pa kusuntha kwa 25 He7
Vladimir Kramnik sanataye masewera amodzi pamasewerawa, ndipo ali ndi ngongole yopambana, mwa zina, pogwiritsa ntchito mtundu wa "Berlin Wall", womwe umapangidwa pambuyo pakuyenda: 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5 Nf6 (chithunzi 5) 4.OO S:e4 5.d4 Sd6 6.G:c6 d:c6 7.d:e5 Sf5 8.H:d8 K:d8 (chithunzi 6).
5. Khoma la Berlin kuchokera ku mbali ya Spanish
6. Baibulo la "Berlin Wall" lolembedwa ndi Vladimir Kramnik.
Berlin Wall mu Spanish Party Imatchedwa dzina la sukulu ya chess ya m'zaka za zana la 2000 ku Berlin, yomwe idawunikira mozama izi. Anakhala pamithunzi kwa nthawi yayitali, osanyozedwa ndi osewera abwino kwambiri a chess kwazaka zambiri, mpaka XNUMX, pomwe Kramnik adamugwiritsa ntchito pamasewera olimbana nawo. Kasparov. Mukusiyana uku, Black sangathenso kuponya (ngakhale izi sizofunika kwambiri ngati palibe mfumukazi) ndipo zakhala ndi zidutswa ziwiri. Dongosolo la Black ndikutseka njira zonse zopita kumsasa wake ndikutenga mwayi kwa amithenga angapo. Kusintha kumeneku nthawi zina kumasankhidwa ndi Black pamene kujambula ndi zotsatira zabwino za mpikisano.
Kramnik adagwiritsa ntchito kanayi pamasewerawa. Kasparov ndi gulu lake sanapeze mankhwala ku Khoma la Berlin, ndipo wotsutsayo adapeza mosavuta. Dzina lakuti "Wall Berlin" limagwirizana ndi kudalirika kwa chiyambi chake, ndilo dzina la zitsulo kapena zitsulo zolimba za konkire zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poteteza maenje akuya ("Wall Berlin").
7. Vladimir Kramnik pa mpikisano wa Corus Chess, Wijk aan Zee, 2005, gwero: http://bit.ly/36rzYPc
Mu Okutobala 2002 Bahrain Kramnik jambulani masewera asanu ndi atatu motsutsana ndi Deep Fritz 7 chess kompyuta (liwiro lapamwamba: malo 3,5 miliyoni pamphindikati). Thumba la mphoto linali madola miliyoni imodzi. Onse kompyuta ndi munthu anapambana masewera awiri. Kramnik adatsala pang'ono kuti apambane masewerawa, mosadziwa adavomereza chikoka pamasewera achisanu ndi chimodzi. Mwamunayo anali ndi zipambano ziwiri m'malo osavuta, mwachitsanzo, pomwe makompyuta ndi otsika kwambiri kuposa anthu, ndipo adatsala pang'ono kupambana pamasewera achinayi. Anataya masewera amodzi chifukwa cha cholakwika chachikulu chaukadaulo, ndipo chinacho chifukwa chakuwongolera kowopsa pamalo opindulitsa kwambiri.
Mu 2004 Kramnik adateteza dzina lake padziko lonse lapansi. bungwe la Braingames, lomwe linasewera ndi Hungary Peter Leko mumzinda wa Switzerland wa Brissago (malinga ndi malamulo a masewerawo, Kramnik adasunga mutuwo mojambula). Pakadali pano, adachita nawo masewera ambiri a chess ndi osewera abwino kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, kuphatikiza omwe amachitikira chaka chilichonse mumzinda wa Dutch. Dzukani Muwone, kawirikawiri mu theka lachiwiri la January kapena kumayambiriro kwa January ndi February (7). Mpikisano waposachedwa wa Wimbledon ku Wijk aan Zee wotchedwa Tata Steel Chess umaseweredwa ndi ma Poles awiri: i.
Menyani mutu wolumikizana wa World Chess Champion
Mu September 2006, mu Elista (likulu la Russian Republic of Kalmykia) machesi ogwirizana mutu wa Chess ngwazi unachitika pakati pa Vladimir Kramnik ndi Chibugariya Veselin Topalov (ngwazi dziko la International Chess Federation) (8).
8. Vladimir Kramnik (kumanzere) ndi Veselin Topalov pamasewera oyamba a mpikisano wa World Chess Championship wa 2006, gwero: Mergen Bembinov, Associated Press
Masewerawa adatsagana ndi otchuka kwambiri chess scandal (chomwe chimatchedwa "chimbudzi cham'chimbudzi"), chokhudzana ndi kukayikira chithandizo cha makompyuta chosaloledwa. Kramnik adatsutsidwa ndi manejala wa Topalov kuti adzithandiza yekha pulogalamu ya Fritz 9 m'chimbudzi chapadera. Pambuyo pa kutsekedwa kwa zimbudzi zosiyana, Kramnik, potsutsa, sanayambe masewera otsatirawa, achisanu (ndipo adatsogolera 3: 1) ndipo adataya mwa kugonjetsedwa kwaukadaulo. Zimbudzi zitatsegulidwa, machesi adatha. Pambuyo pa masewera akuluakulu 12 chigoli chinali 6:6, Kramnik adapambana 2,5:1,5 mu nthawi yowonjezera. Pambuyo pamasewerawa, pamipikisano yofunika kwambiri ya chess, osewera amawunikidwa ndi zowunikira zitsulo asanalowe muholo yamasewera.
Atapambana dziko lonse lapansi, Kramnik adasewera masewera asanu ndi limodzi motsutsana ndi pulogalamu yapakompyuta ya Deep Fritz 10 ku Bonn., November 25 - December 5, 2006 (9).
9. Kramnik - Deep Fritz 10, Bonn 2006, gwero: http://bit.ly/3j435Nz
10. Njira yachiwiri ya Deep Fritz 10 - Kramnik, Bonn, 2006
Kompyutayo idapambana ndi mphambu ya 4: 2 (kupambana kuwiri ndi kukopera 4). Uku kunali kugunda kwakukulu komaliza ndi makina a anthu, komwe kumakhala malo pafupifupi mamiliyoni asanu ndi atatu pamphindikati ndikuya kwapakati pamasewera mpaka 17-18. Pa nthawi imeneyo, Fritz anali 3 - 4 injini mu dziko. Kramnik adalandira ma euro 500 10 poyambira, akadatha kulandira miliyoni pakupambana. Pakujambula koyamba, Kramnik sanagwiritse ntchito mwayi wopambana. Masewera achiwiri adadziwika chifukwa chimodzi: Kramnik adalumikizana ndikuyenda kumodzi kofanana, komwe kumatchedwa kulakwitsa kosatha (mkuyu 34). Pamalo awa, Kramnik mosayembekezereka adasewera 3… He35 ??, kenako adapeza mnzake 7.Qh3 ≠. Pamsonkhano wa atolankhani womwe unakonzedwa pambuyo pa masewerawa, Kramnik sanathe kufotokoza chifukwa chake adalakwitsa, adanena kuti adamva bwino tsiku lomwelo, adasewera masewerawa molondola, adawerengera molondola kusiyana kwa HeXNUMX, kenako adayang'ana kangapo, koma monga adanenera. kuchedwetsa kadamsana wachilendo, kuzimiririka.
Masewero atatu otsatirawa adatha ali chifupi. M'masewera omaliza, achisanu ndi chimodzi, omwe sanataye chilichonse ndipo adayenera kupita njira yonse, Kramnik adasewera mwaukali. Najdorf zosiyanasiyana mu Chitetezo cha Sicilian, ndipo adatayanso. Kuchokera pamwambowu, dziko lonse la chess, makamaka othandizira, adazindikira kuti masewera otsatirawa adzaseweredwa mu cholinga chimodzi, chifukwa munthu wolumala alibe mwayi pa duel ndi kompyuta.
31 December 2006 katswiri wa chess padziko lonse Vladimir Kramnik anakwatira mtolankhani wa ku France Marie-Laure Germont, ndipo ukwati wawo wa tchalitchi unachitika pa February 4 ku Alexander Nevsky Cathedral ku Paris (11). Mwambowo unapezeka ndi achibale ndi abwenzi apamtima, mwachitsanzo, woimira France kuyambira 1982, mtsogoleri wa khumi padziko lonse wa chess.
11. Mfumu ndi mfumukazi yake: Orthodox ukwati mu Alexander Nevsky Cathedral ku Paris, gwero: Zithunzi za ukwati wa Vladimir Kramnik | ChessBase
Vladimir Kramnik adataya udindo wake padziko lonse lapansi mu 2007 Vishwanatana Ananda mpikisano ku Mexico. Mu 2008 ku Bonn, adatayanso mpikisano kwa Viswanathan Anand yemwe anali mtsogoleri wadziko lonse lapansi 4½: 6½.
Kramnik wayimilira Russia kambirimbiri pamipikisano yatimu, kuphatikiza: kasanu ndi katatu ku Chess Olympiads (katatu złoty ngati timu komanso katatu złoty payekha). Mu 2013, adapambana mendulo ya golide pa World Team Championship yomwe inachitikira ku Antalya (Turkey).
Kramnik anakonza zothetsa ntchito yake ya chess ali ndi zaka 40, koma zikuoneka kuti akusewerabe pamlingo wapamwamba kwambiri, ali ndi zaka 41 zapamwamba kwambiri pa ntchito yake. October 1, 2016 ndi mphambu 2817 mfundo. Pakadali pano, idayikidwabe pakati pazabwino kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi komanso kusanja kwake kuyambira Januware 2763, 1 ndi 2021.
12. Vladimir Kramnik ku msasa wophunzitsira wa achinyamata odziwika bwino a ku India mumzinda wa Chen-sur-Leman ku France mu August 2019, chithunzi: Amruta Mokal
Pakalipano, Vladimir Kramnik amathera nthawi yambiri pa maphunziro a achinyamata a chess (12). Pa Januware 7-18, 2020, ngwazi wakale wapadziko lonse lapansi adatenga nawo gawo pamsasa wophunzitsira ku Chennai (Madras), India (13). Osewera achinyamata khumi ndi anayi omwe ali ndi luso la chess ochokera ku India azaka za 12-16 (kuphatikiza opambana kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi m'gulu lazaka zawo D. Gukesh ndi R. Praggnanandaa) adatenga nawo gawo mumsasa wophunzitsira wamasiku 10. Iye wakhalanso mphunzitsi wophunzitsa ana aang'ono abwino kwambiri padziko lapansi. Boris Gelfand - Agogo aakazi aku Belarus omwe akuyimira Israeli, vice-Champions of the world mu 2012.
13. Vladimir Kramnik ndi Boris Gelfand amaphunzitsa achinyamata aluso aku India ku Chennai, chithunzi: Amruta Mokal, ChessBase India
A Kramnik amakhala ku Geneva ndipo ali ndi ana awiri, mwana wamkazi Daria (wobadwa 2008) (wazaka 14) ndi mwana wamwamuna Vadim (wobadwa 2013). Mwina ana awo m’tsogolo adzatsatira mapazi a bambo wotchuka.
14. Vladimir Kramnik ndi mwana wake wamkazi Daria, gwero: https://bit.ly/3akwBL9
Mndandanda wa akatswiri a chess padziko lonse lapansi
Opambana adziko lonse
1. Wilhelm Steinitz, 1886-1894
2. Immanuel Lasker, 1894-1921
3. José Raul Kapablanca, 1921-1927
4 Aleksandr Alechin, 1927-1935 ndi 1937-1946
5. Max Euwe, 1935-1937
6. Mikhail Botvinnik, 1948-1957, 1958-1960 ndi 1961-1963
7. Vasily Smyslov, 1957-1958
8. Mikhail Tal, 1960-1961
9. Tigran Petrosyan, 1963-1969
10. Boris Spassky, 1969-1972
11. Bobby Fischer, 1972-1975
12. Anatoly Karpov, 1975-1985
13. Garry Kasparov, 1985-1993
PCA/Brainggames World Champions (1993-2006)
1. Garry Kasparov, 1993-2000
2. Vladimir Kramnik, 2000-2006
FIDE World Champions (1993-2006)
1. Anatoly Karpov, 1993-1999
2. Alexander Chalifman, 1999-2000
3. Vishwanathan Anand, 2000–2002.
4. Ruslan Ponomarev, 2002-2004
5. Rustam Kasymdzhanov, 2004-2005.
Veselin Topalov, 6-2005
Opambana Opambana Padziko Lonse (pambuyo pa mgwirizano)
14. Vladimir Kramnik, 2006-2007
15. Vishwanathan Anand, 2007–2013.
16. Magnus Carlsen, kuyambira 2013
