Ma bere a Crankshaft ndikusintha kwawo

Crankshaft ndi imodzi mwamagawo ofunikira agalimoto iliyonse yokhala ndi pisitoni. Chosiyana chimaperekedwa ku chipangizo ndi cholinga cha crankshaft. Tsopano tiyeni tikambirane zimene zimathandiza kuti ntchito bwino. Tiye tikambirane zoyikapo.

Zingwezo zimayikidwa pakati pa magazini akuluakulu a crankshaft ndi bedi mu chipika cha silinda, komanso pakati pa mapepala olumikiza ndodo ndi mkati mwa mitu yapansi ya ndodo zolumikizira. M'malo mwake, awa ndi ma bere owoneka bwino omwe amachepetsa kukangana pakuzungulira kwa shaft ndikuletsa kupanikizana. Ma rolling bearings sakugwira ntchito pano, sangathe kupirira zinthu zoterezi kwa nthawi yayitali.

Kuphatikiza pa kuchepetsa kukangana, ma liners amakulolani kuti muyike bwino ndikuyika magawo apakati. Ntchito ina yofunika ya iwo ndi kugawa lubricant ndi mapangidwe filimu mafuta pamwamba pa magawo kucheza.

Choyikacho ndi gawo limodzi la mphete ziwiri zosalala zachitsulo. Akaphatikizana, amaphimba nyuzipepala ya crankshaft. Pali loko pa imodzi mwa malekezero a mphete ya theka, ndi chithandizo chake mzerewu umakhazikika pampando. Ma thrust bearings ali ndi ma flanges - makoma am'mbali, omwe amalolanso kuti gawolo likhazikike ndikuletsa shaft kuti isasunthike mozungulira.

Pali bowo limodzi kapena awiri mu mphete zopangira, momwe mafuta amaperekera. Pazitsulo, zomwe zili pambali pa njira ya mafuta, groove yotalikirapo imapangidwa, yomwe mafuta amalowa m'dzenje.

Chovalacho chimakhala ndi mawonekedwe a multilayer opangidwa ndi mbale yachitsulo. Pambali yamkati (yogwira ntchito), chophimba chotsutsana ndi mikangano chimagwiritsidwa ntchito, nthawi zambiri chimakhala ndi zigawo zingapo. Pali mitundu iwiri yosiyana ya liners - bimetallic ndi trimetallic.

Kwa bimetallic, chophimba chotsutsana ndi 1 ... 4 mm chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazitsulo zachitsulo ndi makulidwe a 0,25 mpaka 0,4 mm. Nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi zitsulo zofewa - mkuwa, malata, lead, aluminiyamu mosiyanasiyana. Zowonjezera za zinki, faifi tambala, silicon ndi zinthu zina zimathekanso. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala aluminiyamu kapena chitsulo chamkuwa pakati pa maziko ndi anti-friction layer.

Chidutswa cha zitsulo zitatu chimakhala ndi chingwe china chopyapyala chosakanikirana ndi malata kapena mkuwa. Zimalepheretsa dzimbiri komanso zimachepetsa kuvala kwa anti-friction layer.

Kuti mupeze chitetezo chowonjezera panthawi yoyendetsa ndi kuthamanga-mkati, mphete za theka zimatha kuvala ndi malata kumbali zonse ziwiri.

Mapangidwe a ma crankshaft liners samayendetsedwa ndi miyezo iliyonse ndipo amatha kusiyanasiyana kuchokera kwa wopanga kupita kwa wopanga.

Liners ndi mbali zolondola zomwe zimapereka mipata mkati mwa malire ena panthawi ya crankshaft. Mafuta amadyetsedwa mumpata mopanikizika, zomwe, chifukwa cha kusamuka kwa shaft, zimapanga zomwe zimatchedwa wedge yamafuta. M'malo mwake, m'mikhalidwe yabwinobwino, crankshaft siyikhudza kunyamula, koma imazungulira pamphepete mwamafuta.

Kutsika kwa kuthamanga kwamafuta kapena kukhuthala kosakwanira, kutenthedwa, kupatuka kwa magawo a magawo kuchokera kuzomwe mwadzina, kusalumikizana bwino kwa nkhwangwa, kulowetsedwa kwa tinthu tachilendo ndi zifukwa zina zimayambitsa kuphwanya kwamadzimadzi. Kenako m'malo ena magazini a shaft ndi zomangira zimayamba kukhudza. Kukangana, kutentha ndi kuwonongeka kwa ziwalo kumawonjezeka. M'kupita kwa nthawi, ndondomekoyi imabweretsa kulephera.

Pambuyo pochotsa ndi kuchotsa zingwe, zomwe zimayambitsa kuvala zimatha kuweruzidwa ndi maonekedwe awo.

Zomangamanga zotha kapena zowonongeka sizingakonzedwe ndipo zimangosinthidwa ndi zatsopano.

Mavuto omwe angakhalepo ndi ma liner adzanenedwa ndi kugogoda kwachitsulo kosasunthika. Zimamveka mokweza pamene injini ikuwotha kapena katundu ukuwonjezeka.

Ngati igunda pa liwiro la crankshaft, ndiye kuti magazini akulu kapena ma bere atopa kwambiri.

Ngati kugogoda kumachitika pafupipafupi kuwirikiza kawiri kuposa liwiro la crankshaft, ndiye kuti muyenera kuyang'ana magazini olumikizira ndodo ndi ma liner awo. Khosi lovuta limatha kudziwitsidwa bwino kwambiri pozimitsa mphuno kapena spark plug ya imodzi mwa masilindala. Ngati kugogodako kutha kapena kumakhala chete, ndiye kuti ndodo yolumikizira iyenera kudziwika.

Mwachindunji, mavuto a makosi ndi ma liner amasonyezedwa ndi kutsika kwamphamvu mu dongosolo la mafuta. Makamaka, ngati izi ziwonedwa popanda ntchito pambuyo poti unit yatenthedwa.

Bearings ndi ndodo yaikulu ndi yolumikizira. Zoyamba zimayikidwa pamipando mu thupi la BC, zimaphimba magazini akuluakulu ndikuthandizira kusinthasintha kosalala kwa shaft palokha. Zotsirizirazo zimayikidwa pamutu wapansi wa ndodo yolumikizira ndipo pamodzi ndi izo zimaphimba magazini ya ndodo yolumikizira ya crankshaft.

Osati ma fani okha omwe amatha kuvala, komanso magazini a shaft, kotero kuti m'malo mwa chimbalangondo chowonongeka ndi bushing yokhazikika kungapangitse kuti chilolezocho chikhale chachikulu kwambiri.

Ma bere okulirapo okhala ndi makulidwe okulirapo angafunikire kubweza mavalidwe amagazini. Monga lamulo, zingwe za kukula kotsatirako kotsatira ndi kotala la millimeter kuposa kale. Miyezo ya kukula kokonzekera koyamba ndi 0,25 mm wandiweyani kuposa kukula kwake, yachiwiri ndi 0,5 mm wandiweyani, ndi zina zotero. Ngakhale nthawi zina kukonza kukula sitepe kungakhale kosiyana.

Kuti mudziwe kuchuluka kwa mavalidwe a magazini a crankshaft, ndikofunikira osati kuyeza mainchesi awo, komanso kudziwa za ovality ndi taper.

Pakhosi lililonse, pogwiritsa ntchito micrometer, miyeso imapangidwa mu ndege ziwiri za perpendicular A ndi B m'magawo atatu - magawo 1 ndi 3 amasiyanitsidwa ndi masaya ndi kotala la kutalika kwa khosi, gawo 2 lili pakati.

Kusiyana kwakukulu kwa ma diameter omwe amayezedwa m'magawo osiyanasiyana, koma mu ndege yomweyi, kudzapereka taper index.

Kusiyana kwa diameter mu ndege za perpendicular, zomwe zimayesedwa mu gawo lomwelo, zidzapereka mtengo wa ovality. Kuti mudziwe bwino za kuchuluka kwa kuvala kwa oval, ndi bwino kuyeza mu ndege zitatu pa madigiri 120 aliwonse.

Zilolezo

Mtengo wovomerezeka ndi kusiyana pakati pa mainchesi amkati a liner ndi mainchesi a khosi, ogawanika ndi 2.

Kutsimikiza kwa mainchesi amkati mwa liner, makamaka chachikulu, kungakhale kovuta. Choncho, poyezera ndi yabwino kugwiritsa ntchito calibrated pulasitiki waya Plastigauge (Plastigage). Njira yoyezera ili motere.

1. Chotsani mafuta m'khosi.
2. Ikani chidutswa cha ndodo yowongoka pamwamba kuti muyese.
3. Ikani kapu yonyamula pomangitsa zomangira kuti zikhale zovotera ndi torque wrench.
4. Osatembenuza crankshaft.
5. Tsopano masulani chomangira ndikuchotsa chivundikirocho.
6. Ikani template ya calibration ku pulasitiki yophwanyidwa ndikuwona kusiyana kwake kuchokera m'lifupi mwake.

Ngati mtengo wake sukugwirizana ndi malire ovomerezeka, makosi ayenera kukhala pansi mpaka kukula kwa kukonza.

Makosi nthawi zambiri amavala mosagwirizana, choncho miyeso yonse iyenera kutengedwa kwa aliyense wa iwo ndikupukutidwa, zomwe zimatsogolera kukula kumodzi kukonza. Pokhapokha mukhoza kusankha ndi kukhazikitsa liners.

Posankha zoyikapo kuti zisinthidwe, ndikofunikira kuganizira mtundu wa injini zoyatsira mkati, ndipo zimachitika kuti ngakhale mtundu wina wa injini yoyaka moto. Nthawi zambiri, ma bearings ochokera ku mayunitsi ena amakhala osagwirizana.

Miyeso yodziwika ndi kukonza, zovomerezeka, kulolerana kotheka, ma torque a bolt ndi magawo ena okhudzana ndi crankshaft angapezeke m'buku lokonzekera galimoto yanu. Kusankhidwa ndi kuyika kwa ma liner kuyenera kuchitidwa motsatana ndi bukhuli ndi zilembo zomwe zidasindikizidwa pa crankshaft ndi thupi la BC.

Njira yoyenera yosinthira ma bearings imaphatikizapo kung'ambika kwathunthu kwa crankshaft. Choncho, muyenera kuchotsa injini. Ngati muli ndi zikhalidwe zoyenera, zida zofunikira, chidziwitso ndi chikhumbo, ndiye mutha kupitiliza. Apo ayi, muli panjira yopita kuntchito yamagalimoto.

Musanachotse zivundikiro za ma liner, ziyenera kuwerengedwa ndikuziyika chizindikiro kuti zikhazikike m'malo awo oyambirira komanso pamalo omwewo poikapo. Izi zimagwiranso ntchito kwa ma liner, ngati ali bwino ndipo ntchito yawo yowonjezera ikuyembekezeredwa.

Tsinde lochotsedwa, zomangira ndi zingwe zokwerera zimatsukidwa bwino. Mkhalidwe wawo umayang'aniridwa, chisamaliro chapadera chiyenera kulipidwa pakuwunika ukhondo wa ngalande zamafuta. Ngati zomangirazo zili ndi zolakwika - scuffing, delamination, kusungunuka kapena kumamatira - ndiye kuti ziyenera kusinthidwa.

Kuphatikiza apo, miyeso yofunikira imapangidwa. Malingana ndi zotsatira zomwe zapezedwa, makosi amapukutidwa.

Ngati zingwe za kukula komwe mukufuna zilipo, mutha kupitiliza kukhazikitsa crankshaft.

Msonkhano

Zomwe zimayikidwa pa bedi la BC zimakhala ndi poyambira, ndipo mphete za theka zomwe zimayikidwa muzophimba sizikhala ndi mikwingwirima. Simungathe kusintha malo awo.

Musanayike ma liner onse, malo awo ogwirira ntchito, komanso magazini a crankshaft, ayenera kuthiridwa mafuta.

ndipo zonyamula zimayikidwa pabedi la silinda, ndipo crankshaft imayikidwa pa iwo.

Zivundikiro zazikulu zonyamula zimayikidwa molingana ndi zolembera ndi zolembera zomwe zimapangidwira pakutha. Maboti amamangika ku torque yofunikira pakudutsa kwa 2-3. Choyamba, chivundikiro chapakati chapakati chimalimbikitsidwa, ndiye molingana ndi chiwembu: 2, 4, kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo.

Zipewa zonse zikamangika, tembenuzani crankshaft ndikuwonetsetsa kuti kuzungulira ndikosavuta komanso kopanda kumamatira.

Kwezani ndodo zolumikizira. Chivundikiro chilichonse chiyenera kuikidwa pa ndodo yake yolumikizira, chifukwa fakitole yawo yotopetsa imachitikira pamodzi. Maloko am'makutu ayenera kukhala mbali imodzi. Mangitsani mabawuti ku torque yofunikira.

Pali malingaliro ambiri pa intaneti osinthira ma bearings popanda kufunikira kochotsa zovuta kwambiri. Njira imodzi yotere ndiyo kugwiritsa ntchito bolt kapena rivet yomwe imalowetsedwa mu dzenje lamafuta a khosi. Ngati ndi kotheka, mutu wa bawuti uyenera kuchotsedwa kuti usapitirire makulidwe a liner muutali ndikudutsa momasuka mumpata. Mukatembenuza crankshaft, mutu umapumira kumapeto kwa mphete ya theka ndikukankhira kunja. ndiye, m’njira yofananayo, choikamo chatsopano chimaikidwa m’malo mwa chochotsedwacho.

Zowonadi, njira iyi imagwira ntchito, ndipo chiwopsezo chowononga chilichonse ndi chochepa, muyenera kungofika ku crankshaft kuchokera pabowo loyendera. Komabe, zitha kukhala ndi zotsatira zosayembekezereka, chifukwa chake muzigwiritsa ntchito mwangozi komanso pachiwopsezo chanu.

Vuto la njira zamtunduwu ndikuti samapereka kuwongolera mwatsatanetsatane komanso kuyeza kwa crankshaft ndikupatula kugaya ndi kuyika makosi. Zonse zimachitika ndi maso. Zotsatira zake, vutoli likhoza kukhala lobisika, koma pakapita nthawi lidzawonekeranso. Izi ndizabwino koposa.

Ndizosayenera kwambiri kusintha ma liner olephera popanda kuganizira kuvala kwa magazini a crankshaft. Panthawi yogwira ntchito, khosi likhoza, mwachitsanzo, kukhala ndi mawonekedwe a oval. Ndiyeno kusintha kosavuta kwa liner kumakhala kotsimikizika kuti kutsogolere posachedwa. Zotsatira zake, padzakhala scuffs pa crankshaft ndipo iyenera kupukutidwa, ndipo ngati pazipita, kukonzanso kwakukulu kwa injini yoyaka mkati kudzafunika. Ngati itembenuka, ikhoza kulephera.

Chilolezo cholakwika chidzabweretsanso zotsatira zoyipa. Kubwerera kumbuyo kumadzadza ndi kugogoda, kugwedezeka komanso kuvala kochulukirapo. Ngati kusiyana, m'malo mwake, kuli kochepa kuposa kovomerezeka, ndiye kuti chiopsezo cha kupanikizana chikuwonjezeka.

Ngakhale pang'ono, mbali zina zokwerera zimatha pang'onopang'ono - mitu yolumikizira ndodo, bedi la crankshaft. Izinso tisaiwale.