Mitundu yolumikizirana

Kuphatikizika ndi chipangizo chapadera (chinthu chagalimoto) chomwe chimagwirizanitsa malekezero a shafts ndi magawo osuntha omwe ali pa iwo. Chofunika kwambiri cha kugwirizana koteroko ndikusamutsa mphamvu zamakina popanda kutaya kukula kwake. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, malingana ndi cholinga ndi mapangidwe, zophatikizana zimatha kugwirizanitsa ma shafts awiri omwe ali pafupi kwambiri.

Ntchito yolumikizira mafupa pakugwira ntchito kwagalimoto sikungaganiziridwe mopambanitsa: idapangidwa kuti ichotse zolemetsa zambiri pamakina, kusintha njira ya shafts, kuonetsetsa kulekanitsa ndi kulumikizana kwa ma shafts pakugwira ntchito, ndi zina zambiri.

Kuphatikizika kwamagulu

Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri yolumikizirana mumakampani amagalimoto imakhazikika masiku ano, komabe, pali zida zingapo zomwe zingapangidwe molingana ndi miyeso yamunthu pamtundu uliwonse wagalimoto. Poganizira cholinga chachikulu cha clutch (kutumiza kwa torque popanda kusintha mtengo wake), pali mitundu ingapo ya chipangizocho:

• malinga ndi mfundo ya controllability - yosayendetsedwa (yokhazikika, yosasunthika) komanso yodziyendetsa yokha (yokha);
• ndi magulu ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana m'galimoto - okhwima (izi zikuphatikizapo manja, flange ndi longitudinally couplings);
• kuti musinthe mawonekedwe a kulumikizana pakati pa ma coaxial shafts awiri, zolumikizira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito (mitundu yawo yayikulu ndi zida ndi unyolo);
• malinga ndi kuthekera kwa kubweza katundu poyendetsa (pogwiritsa ntchito nyenyezi, chala-chala ndi zinthu zokhala ndi chipolopolo);
• mwa chikhalidwe cha kugwirizana / kulekanitsa shafts awiri (cam, cam-disk, mikangano ndi centrifugal);
• zodziwikiratu, ndiye kuti, zimayendetsedwa mosasamala kanthu za zochita za dalaivala (kupitilira, centrifugal ndi chitetezo);
• pakugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zamagetsi (electromagnetic and just magnetic).

Kufotokozera kwa chinthu chilichonse

Kuti mumve zambiri za ntchito ndi mawonekedwe a kulumikizana kulikonse kophatikizana, kufotokozera kotereku kumaperekedwa.

Zosayendetsedwa

Amadziwika ndi malo awo osasunthika komanso mapangidwe osavuta. Ndi zotheka kuchita zoikamo zosiyanasiyana ndi kusintha ntchito yawo kokha mu utumiki wapadera galimoto ndi kuyimitsa wathunthu injini.

Kulumikizana kwakhungu ndikulumikizana kokhazikika komanso kokhazikika bwino pakati pa ma shafts. Kuyika kwamtunduwu kumafuna kukhazikika kwenikweni, chifukwa ngati cholakwika chimodzi chaching'ono chapangidwa, ntchito ya shafts idzasokonekera kapena zosatheka kwenikweni.

Mtundu wa manja ophatikizana umatengedwa kuti ndi wosavuta kwambiri pamitundu yonse yolumikizira akhungu. Chinthuchi chimapangidwa ndi chitsamba chokhala ndi zikhomo. Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa zolumikizira manja kwadzilungamitsa kwathunthu pamagalimoto omwe ntchito yake sikutanthauza katundu wolemetsa (ma sedan amtundu wa m'tawuni). Mwachizoloŵezi, zolumikizira za manja akhungu zimayikidwa pamiyendo yokhala ndi mainchesi ochepa - osapitilira 70 mm.

Kuphatikizika kwa flange kumaonedwa lero kuti ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zomwe zimalumikizana kwambiri pamagalimoto amitundu yonse. Amakhala ndi magawo awiri ofanana olumikizana, omwe amamangirirana wina ndi mzake.

Kuphatikizika kotereku kumapangidwira kulumikiza mashaft awiri ndi gawo la 200 mm. Chifukwa cha kukula kwawo kochepa komanso kapangidwe kake kosavuta, zolumikizira za flange zimawalola kuti azigwiritsidwa ntchito pamagalimoto a bajeti komanso magalimoto apamwamba.

Njira yolipirira zolumikizira (zolumikizana zolimba) zapangidwa kuti zigwirizane ndi mitundu yonse ya malo okhala. Zirizonse zomwe shaft imayendera, zofooka zonse pakuyika kapena kuyendetsa galimoto zidzasinthidwa. Chifukwa cha ntchito yobwezera ziwombankhanga, katunduyo amachepetsedwa pazitsulo zokha komanso pazitsulo za axial, zomwe zimatsimikizira moyo wautali wautumiki wa makina ndi galimoto yonse.

Choyipa chachikulu pakugwiritsa ntchito mtundu uwu wa clutch ndikuti palibe chinthu chomwe chingachepetse kugwedezeka kwa msewu.

Cam-disc clutch ili ndi dongosolo ili: ili ndi magawo awiri a theka ndi disk imodzi yolumikizira, yomwe ili pakati pawo. Kugwira ntchito yake, diskiyo imasuntha pamabowo odulidwa mu halves yolumikizana ndipo potero imasintha magwiridwe antchito a ma coaxial shafts. Zoonadi, kukangana kwa disc kudzatsagana ndi kuvala kofulumira. Chifukwa chake, kudzoza kokhazikika kwa malo olumikizirana komanso kuwongolera modekha, kosachita zankhanza kumafunika. Kuonjezera apo, kuwonjezera moyo wautumiki wa ma Cam-disc clutches amapangidwa lero kuchokera kuzitsulo zachitsulo zosavala kwambiri.

Mapangidwe a giya ophatikizana amatsimikiziridwa ndi magawo awiri ophatikizana, omwe ali ndi mano apadera pamtunda wawo. Kuphatikiza apo, ma halves ophatikizana amakhalanso ndi kanema wokhala ndi mano amkati. Chifukwa chake, kuphatikiza magiya kumatha kutumiza torque kumano angapo ogwira ntchito nthawi imodzi, zomwe zimatsimikiziranso kunyamula katundu wambiri. Chifukwa cha kapangidwe kake, kuphatikiza uku kumakhala ndi miyeso yaying'ono kwambiri, yomwe imapangitsa kuti pafunike pamagalimoto amitundu yonse.

Zinthu zophatikizira zida zimapangidwa ndi zitsulo zodzaza ndi kaboni. Pamaso unsembe, zinthu ayenera kukumana kutentha mankhwala.

Kulipiritsa zolumikizira zotanuka, mosiyana ndi kubweza zolumikizira zolimba, sikuti kumangokonza masinthidwe, komanso kuchepetsa mphamvu yolemetsa yomwe imawoneka mukasuntha magiya.

Kuphatikizika kwa manja ndi pini kumapangidwa ndi zigawo ziwiri zogwirizanitsa, zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi zala. Malangizo opangidwa ndi pulasitiki amaikidwa kumapeto kwa zala kuti achepetse mphamvu yolemetsa ndikuifewetsa. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, makulidwe a nsonga okha (kapena bushings) ndi ochepa, choncho zotsatira za kasupe sizili zazikulu.

Zida zolumikizira izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'magawo amagetsi oyendetsa magetsi.

Kugwiritsa ntchito clutch yokhala ndi akasupe a njoka kumatanthawuza kufalikira kwa torque yayikulu. Mwamapangidwe, awa ndi magawo awiri ophatikizana, omwe ali ndi mano a mawonekedwe apadera. Pakati pa magawo ophatikizana pali akasupe amtundu wa njoka. Pankhaniyi, clutch imayikidwa mu kapu, yomwe, choyamba, imasunga malo ogwirira ntchito a akasupe aliwonse ndipo, chachiwiri, imagwira ntchito yopereka mafuta kuzinthu zamakina.

Clutch ndiyokwera mtengo kwambiri kupanga, koma kugwira ntchito kwake kwanthawi yayitali kumapangitsa makina amtunduwu kukhala oyenera pamagalimoto apamwamba.

Zoyendetsedwa

Kusiyanitsa kwakukulu kuchokera kwa osalamulirika ndikuti ndizotheka kutseka ndi kutsegula ma coaxial shafts popanda kuletsa ntchito ya propulsion unit. Pachifukwa ichi, mitundu yoyendetsedwa yolumikizira imafunikira njira yosamala kwambiri pakuyika kwawo ndikuwongolera makonzedwe a shaft.

The cam clutch tichipeza awiri theka-malumikizano amene akukumana ndi protrusions wapadera - makamera. Mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito zolumikizira zotere ndikuti, ikayatsidwa, kulumikiza theka limodzi ndi zotuluka zake molimba kumalowa m'mabowo a mnzake. Choncho, mgwirizano wodalirika pakati pawo umatheka.

Kugwira ntchito kwa cam clutch kumayendera limodzi ndi phokoso lowonjezereka komanso ngakhale kugwedezeka, chifukwa chake ndi chizolowezi kugwiritsa ntchito ma synchronizer pakupanga. Chifukwa cha chiwopsezo cha kuvala mofulumira, ma halves ophatikizana okha ndi makamera awo amapangidwa ndi zitsulo zolimba, ndiyeno amawumitsa moto.

Ma friction couplings amagwira ntchito pamfundo yosinthira ma torque chifukwa champhamvu yobwera chifukwa cha kukangana pakati pa zinthu. Kumayambiriro kwa ntchito yogwira ntchito, kutsetsereka kumachitika pakati pa magawo ophatikizira, ndiye kuti, kuyatsa kosalala kwa chipangizocho kumatsimikizika. Kukangana mu mikangano zokokera zimatheka ndi kukhudzana angapo awiriawiri ma disks, amene ali pakati pa awiri ofanana kakulidwe theka-kuphatikizana.

wodzilamulira

Uwu ndi mtundu wolumikizira wokha womwe umagwira ntchito zingapo pamakina nthawi imodzi. Choyamba, imachepetsa kukula kwa katundu. Kachiwiri, imasamutsa katunduyo m'njira yodziwika bwino. Chachitatu, amayatsa kapena kuzimitsa pa liwiro linalake.

Mtundu wogwiritsidwa ntchito mobwerezabwereza wa clutch wodziletsa umatengedwa ngati chitetezo chotetezera. Zimaphatikizidwa mu ntchito panthawi yomwe katunduyo amayamba kupitirira mtengo wina wokhazikitsidwa ndi wopanga makinawo.

Zowongolera zamtundu wa Centrifugal zimayikidwa pamagalimoto kuti zitheke zoyambira. Izi zimathandiza kuti propulsion unit ikhale yothamanga kwambiri.

Koma ziwombankhanga zochulukirapo, m'malo mwake, sinthani torque munjira imodzi yokha. Izi zimakuthandizani kuti muwonjezere liwiro lagalimoto ndikuwongolera magwiridwe antchito ake.

Mitundu yayikulu yolumikizirana yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito masiku ano

Kuphatikizana kwa Haldex ndikotchuka kwambiri pamsika wamagalimoto. M'badwo woyamba wa clutch iyi yamagalimoto oyendetsa magudumu onse idatulutsidwa mu 1998. Clutch inali yotsekedwa pa chitsulo choyendetsa kutsogolo panthawi yomwe magudumu amayenda. Pachifukwa ichi, Haldex analandira ndemanga zoipa zambiri pa nthawi imeneyo, chifukwa ntchito ya clutch sikunakulolezeni kulamulira galimoto mofatsa pa kugwedezeka kapena slips.

Kuyambira 2002, m'badwo wachiwiri wa Haldex watulutsidwa, kuyambira 2004 - wachitatu, kuyambira 2007 - wachinayi, ndipo kuyambira 2012 adatulutsidwa m'badwo wotsiriza, wachisanu. Mpaka pano, kugwirizana kwa Haldex kumatha kukhazikitsidwa kumbuyo ndi kumbuyo. Kuyendetsa galimoto kwakhala kosavuta kwambiri chifukwa cha mawonekedwe a clutch ndi kusintha kwatsopano monga pampu yothamanga nthawi zonse kapena clutch yoyendetsedwa ndi ma hydraulics kapena magetsi.

Kuphatikizika kwamtunduwu kumagwiritsidwa ntchito mwachangu pamagalimoto a Volkswagen.

Komabe, zokopa za Torsen zimaonedwa kuti ndizofala kwambiri (zoikidwa pa Skoda, Volvo, Kia ndi ena). Clutch iyi idapangidwa ndi mainjiniya aku America makamaka pazida zochepa zosiyanitsira. Njira ya Torsen yogwirira ntchito ndiyosavuta: sikufanana ndi ma torque kumawilo otsetsereka, koma imangowongolera mphamvu zamakina ku gudumu lomwe limagwira modalirika pamsewu.

Ubwino wa zida zosiyanitsa ndi Torsen clutch ndi mtengo wawo wotsika komanso kuyankha pompopompo kusintha kulikonse kwa mawilo akuyendetsa. Kuphatikizikako kwakonzedwa mobwerezabwereza, ndipo lero kungatengedwe kuti ndi kotchuka kwambiri m'makampani amakono amagalimoto.

Kusunga zogwirira

Monga gawo lina lililonse kapena makina agalimoto, zida zolumikizira zimafunikira kusamalidwa bwino. Akatswiri a Favorit Motors Group of Companies akonza magwiridwe antchito amtundu uliwonse kapena kusintha chilichonse mwazinthu zawo.

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