Mitundu, kapangidwe ndi mfundo za kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka chiwongolero

Kusintha mayendedwe agalimoto kumachitika potembenuza mawilo owongolera pogwiritsa ntchito chiwongolero. Komabe, pakati pa iye ndi mawilo pali chipangizo chimene chimasintha kuyesetsa kwa manja a dalaivala ndi malangizo ake kuti agwiritse ntchito mphamvu mwachindunji pamanja ogwedezeka. Imatchedwa njira yowongolera.

Chiwongolero cha chiyani?

Pachiwongolero chowongolera, makinawo amagwira ntchito zotsatirazi:

• amasintha kuzungulira kwa shaft yolowera, komwe gawo lowongolera limalumikizidwa, kukhala kasinthasintha womasulira kwa ndodo zowongolera za trapezium;
• imagwirizanitsa mphamvu yomwe dalaivala amatha kulenga ndi mphamvu yofunikira pazitsulo zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi ziwongolero zoyendetsa galimoto, pogwiritsa ntchito makina opatsirana omwe amapezeka mu kapangidwe kake ndi chiŵerengero cha gear;
• nthawi zambiri, amapereka ntchito olowa ndi chiwongolero mphamvu;
• imateteza manja a dalaivala kuti asakumane ndi zovuta zapamsewu.

Ndi mlingo wina wa kulondola, chipangizo ichi akhoza kuonedwa ngati gearbox, monga nthawi zambiri amatchedwa.

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamakina owongolera

Pali mitundu itatu yodziwika bwino ya zida:

• wodzigudubuza nyongolotsi;
• rack;
• mpira wononga mtundu.

Aliyense wa iwo ali ndi ubwino wake ndi madera ntchito.

Makina odulira nyongolotsi

Mtundu uwu unkagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mbuyomu pamagalimoto onse, koma tsopano uli ndi ntchito yochepa chifukwa cha zovuta zambiri poyerekeza ndi njira zina.

Mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito giya ya nyongolotsi ndikuyendetsa chodzigudubuza chamagulu chokhala ndi gudumu la nyongolotsi yozungulira pachiwongolero. Shaft yolowera ya chochepetsera imapangidwa ngati chidutswa chimodzi chokhala ndi nyongolotsi yozungulira yozungulira, ndipo imakhala ndi cholumikizira chopindika kapena cheji kuti chilumikizane ndi shaft. Gawo la odzigudubuza lili pamtundu wa bipod linanena bungwe, mothandizidwa ndi gearbox yolumikizidwa ndi ndodo zowongolera za trapezoid.

Nyumba yonseyi imayikidwa m'nyumba yolimba, yomwe imatchedwanso crankcase chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa mafuta. Izi kawirikawiri kufala mtundu wamadzimadzi mafuta. Mphepete mwa shaft kuchokera ku crankcase ndi yosindikizidwa ndi glands. The crankcase amangiriridwa ku chimango kapena injini bulkhead ya thupi.

Kuzungulira kwa shaft yolowetsa mu gearbox imasinthidwa kukhala nsonga ya mpira wa bipod wozungulira. Ndodo zimamangiriridwa ku mawilo ndi zowonjezera za trapezoid.

Makinawa amatha kutumizira mphamvu zazikulu ndipo amakhala ophatikizika ndi magiya akulu akulu. Koma nthawi yomweyo, ndizovuta kukonza zowongolera ndikubwerera pang'ono komanso kukangana kochepa momwemo. Chifukwa chake kuchuluka kwake - magalimoto ndi ma SUV, makamaka apangidwe osamala.

Zoyika zowongolera

Njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamagalimoto onyamula anthu. Choyikapo ndi pinion ndizolondola kwambiri, zimapereka mayankho abwino komanso zimagwirizana bwino mgalimoto.

The rack mechanism ili ndi:

• ziboliboli zomangirira kumutu waukulu wa thupi;
• choyikapo mano chili pa mayendedwe a magazini;
• giya yoyendetsa yolumikizidwa ndi shaft yolowera;
• thrust mechanism, kupereka chilolezo chochepa pakati pa giya ndi choyikapo.

Zolumikizira zamakina zopangira zida za rack zimalumikizidwa ndi zida za mpira wa ndodo zowongolera, zomwe zimagwira ntchito pamalangizowo mwachindunji ndi manja akugwedezeka. Mapangidwe awa ndi opepuka komanso ophatikizika kwambiri kuposa kulumikizana ndi chiwongolero cha nyongolotsi. Apa ndi pamene kulondola kwapamwamba kumachokera. Kuonjezera apo, chilolezo cha galimoto yoyendetsa galimoto ndicholondola kwambiri komanso chokhazikika kusiyana ndi mawonekedwe ovuta a wodzigudubuza ndi nyongolotsi. Ndipo kubwereranso kowonjezereka kwa chiwongolero kumalipidwa ndi amplifiers ndi dampers zamakono.

Chotsani ndi mpira mtedza

Bokosi la gear loterolo ndi lofanana ndi bokosi la mphutsi, koma zinthu zofunika zimayambitsidwa momwemo ngati gawo la rack yokhala ndi gawo la zida zomwe zikuyenda motsatira phula lolowera shaft pozungulira mipira yachitsulo. Gawo lachiwombankhanga limalumikizidwa ndi mano omwe ali pamtunda wa bipod.

Chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito njanji yaifupi, yomwe kwenikweni ndi mtedza wokhala ndi mipira pa ulusi, kukangana kumachepetsedwa kwambiri pansi pa katundu wambiri. Mwakutero, ichi chinali chinthu chomwe chimatsimikizira kugwiritsa ntchito makina onyamula katundu ndi magalimoto ena ofanana. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, kulondola ndi zovomerezeka zochepa zimawonedwa, chifukwa ma gearbox omwewo adapeza ntchito m'magalimoto akuluakulu okwera mtengo.

Kuchotsa ndi kukangana mumayendedwe owongolera

Ma gearbox onse amafunikira kusintha kwanthawi ndi nthawi kumagawo osiyanasiyana. Chifukwa cha kuvala, mipata yamagulu a gear imasintha, sewero likuwonekera pa chiwongolero, momwe galimotoyo imakhala yosalamulirika.

Magiya a nyongolotsi amawongoleredwa ndikusuntha gawo lamagiya molunjika ku shaft yolowera. Kusunga chilolezo pamakona onse owongolera ndikovuta kutsimikizira, chifukwa kuvala kumachitika mosiyanasiyana pamayendedwe omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pafupipafupi pakuyenda molunjika komanso kawirikawiri mosinthana mosiyanasiyana. Ili ndi vuto lofala pamakina onse, njanji zimathanso mosagwirizana. Ndi kuvala koopsa, zigawo ziyenera kusinthidwa, apo ayi, pamene chiwongolerocho chikuzunguliridwa, kusiyanako kumasanduka kusokoneza ndi kukangana kwakukulu, komwe sikungakhale koopsa.