Chihangare ZSU 40M “Nimrod” (Hungarian 40M Nimrod) Komabe osayembekezera kubwera kwa thanki ya Landsverk L-60B yomwe idagulidwa, oyang'anira chomera cha MAVAG, omwe adalandira chilolezo chopanga thankiyo, adalamula kuti chifaniziro chamfuti yodziyimira payokha ya anti-tank (wowononga tank) kuchokera ku Landsverk AB. kampaniyo mu March 1937. Maziko a L60B omwewo amayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Mfuti yodziyendetsa yokha iyenera kukhala ndi cannon 40 mm. Anthu a ku Sweden anakwaniritsa lamuloli: mu December 1938, mfuti yodziyendetsa yokha inafika ku Hungary popanda zida. Pa Marichi 30, oimira General Staff adakumana nazo. Ku MAVAG inali ndi mfuti yolimbana ndi ndege ya 40-mm yochokera ku Bofors, yopanga chilolezo yomwe idapangidwa pansi pa mtundu wa 36.M. Mayesero ankhondo a mfuti yodziyendetsa okha inachitika mu August-September 1939. Komiti Yosankhira idaganiza zoonjezera kuchuluka kwa kanyumba kokhala ndi zida kuti pakhale membala wachisanu wa ogwira nawo ntchito, kukhazikitsa mawonekedwe a telescopic owombera akasinja ndikusintha kwina. Pa Marichi 10, 1940, IVT idalimbikitsa mfuti zodziwombera zokha, zotchedwa 40.M, kuti zipangidwe mosalekeza. "Nimrode" amatchulidwa pambuyo pa kholo lodziwika bwino la Magyars ndi Huns - mlenje wamkulu. Mu Disembala, "Nimrod" adayikidwa ntchito ndipo mafakitale adapatsidwa dongosolo la magalimoto 46. Nimrodi mu nthano Nimrod (Nemrod, Nimrod) - mu Pentateuch, miyambo ya aggadic ndi nthano za ku Middle East, ngwazi, mlenje wankhondo komanso mfumu. Malinga ndi mzera wobadwira m’buku la Genesis, iye ndi mwana wa Kusi ndi mdzukulu wa Hamu. Amatchedwa “mpalu wamphamvu pamaso pa Yehova”; ufumu wake uli ku Mesopotamiya. Nthano zosiyanasiyana zimagogomezera chithunzi cha Nimrode wankhanza ndi womenyana ndi Mulungu; akunenedwa kuti ndi amene anamanga Nsanja ya Babele, nkhanza zoipitsitsa, kupembedza mafano, kuzunza Abrahamu, ndi kupikisana ndi Mulungu. Malinga ndi kunena kwa Baibulo, Nimrodi ndi Abrahamu analekanitsidwa ndi mibadwo isanu ndi iŵiri. Chidziŵitso chonena za Mfumu Nimrodi chilinso m’Korani. Nemrut, m’nthano ya ku Armenia, mfumu yachilendo imene inaukira dziko la Armenia. Pali nthano yakuti pofuna kudzikweza, Nemrud anamanga nyumba yachifumu yokongola kwambiri pamwamba pa phirilo. Nimrodi mu nthano Mfuti yodziyendetsa yokha yolimbana ndi ndege "Nimrod" Dinani chithunzi kuti muwone zazikulu Koma anthu a ku Sweden anaganiza zomanga angapo mwa mfuti zodziyendetsa okha (mtundu dzina L62, komanso "Landsverk Anti"; asilikali - LVKV 40). Injini ndi kufala L62 anali ofanana ndi thanki Toldi, zida - 40 mamilimita Bofors cannon ndi migolo kutalika 60 calibers. Kulimbana ndi kulemera - matani 8, injini - 150 HP, liwiro - 35 km / h. Ma L62 asanu ndi limodzi adagulitsidwa ku Finland mu 1940, komwe adalandira dzina lakuti ITPSV 40. Chifukwa cha zosowa zawo, a Sweden anapanga 1945 ZSUs mu 17 ndi 40-mm LVKV fm / 43 cannon. Kupanga koyamba Nimrod anasiya chomera mu November 1941, ndipo mu February 1942, magalimoto asanu ndi awiri anapita kutsogolo. Dongosolo lonselo linamalizidwa kumapeto kwa 1942. Mwa dongosolo lotsatira la magalimoto 89, 1943 adapangidwa mu 77, ndipo 12 otsalawo mchaka chotsatira. Kwa "Nimrod" maziko a thanki "Toldi" adagwiritsidwa ntchito, koma kukulitsidwa ndi chodzigudubuza chimodzi (chachisanu ndi chimodzi).. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, gudumu lakumbuyo linakwezedwa kuchokera pansi. Kuyimitsidwa kwa odzigudubuza ndi munthu payekha, torsion bar. Chombocho, chopangidwa ndi zida zankhondo 6-13 mm wandiweyani, chinali ndi zida zankhondo ndi injini (kumbuyo). Kulemera okwana zida ndi 2615 makilogalamu. Pa magalimoto a mndandanda woyamba Mainjini aku Germany adayikidwa, ndipo chachiwiri - chololedwa kale Ma injini opangidwa ndi Hungary. Awa anali ma injini a carburetor opangidwa ndi ma silinda asanu ndi atatu. Kutumiza kuli kofanana ndi pa Toldi, i.e. ma gearbox othamanga asanu, ma multi-disc main friction clutch, zowomba zam'mbali. Makina mabuleki - Buku ndi phazi. Mafutawo adasungidwa m'matanki atatu. Mapangidwe a mfuti yodziyendetsa yekha "Nimrod" Kuti mukulitse - dinani chithunzicho 1 - 40-mamilimita basi mfuti 36M; 2 - makina amfuti; 3 - kanema wa 40 mm kuwombera; 4 - wailesi; 5 - nsanja; 6 - radiator; 7 - injini; 8 - kutopa chitoliro; 9 - magalasi; 10- cardan shaft; 11 - mpando woyendetsa; 12 - gearbox; 13 - kuwala kowala; 14 - chiwongolero Dalaivala anali kutsogolo kwa thupi kumanzere ndipo anali ndi mipata mu kapu ya pentagonal yokhala ndi ma prisms akuyang'ana kutsogolo ndi m'mbali. Mamembala asanu otsalawo - wolamulira, woyikira mawonedwe, owombera mfuti awiri ndi onyamula katundu - anali munyumba yamagudumu yokhala ndi ma slits atatu owonera okhala ndi midadada yamagalasi. Mfuti yolimbana ndi ndege ya 40-mm Bofors, yopangidwa ndi chilolezo pansi pa mtundu wa 36.M ndi chomera cha MAVAG ku Gyoshgyor, inali ndi ngodya yokwera ya 85 °, ngodya yotsika ya 4 °, ndi ngodya yopingasa ya 360 °. Zipolopolozo, zomwe zinali m'nyumba ya magudumu, zinaphatikizapo kugawanika kwa zida zophulika kwambiri, komanso zipolopolo zowunikira. Clips - 4 kuzungulira aliyense. Magalimoto a olamulira mabatire okha anali ndi wailesi, ngakhale magalimoto onse anali ndi malo. Powombera, ma ZSU awiri anali pamtunda wa 60 m, ndipo pakati pawo panali positi yolamulira ndi rangefinder (yokhala ndi maziko a 1,25 m) ndi chipangizo chogwiritsira ntchito makompyuta. Chitsanzo cha onyamula zida za Lehel Pamaziko a "Nimrod" mu 1943, chitsanzo cha chonyamulira zida pansi pa "Lehel" analengedwa mu buku limodzi kunyamula 10 infantrymen (kuwonjezera dalaivala). M'chaka chomwecho, makina awiri a sapper anamangidwa kuchokera kuzitsulo zopanda zida. Analinganizidwanso kuti asinthe 10 "Nimrod" kukhala zonyamulira zonyamula ovulala. Mawonekedwe a magalimoto okhala ndi zida zaku Hungary Mawonekedwe a akasinja ena ndi mfuti zodziyendetsa okha ku Hungary Toldi-1   "Toldi" ndi Chaka chopanga 1940 Kulimbana ndi kulemera, t 8,5 Crew, anthu 3 Kutalika kwa thupi, mm 4750 Kutalika ndi mfuti patsogolo, mm   Kutalika, mm 2140 Kutalika, mm 1870 Kusungitsa, mm   Thupi pamphumi 13 Hull bolodi 13 Tower pamphumi (wheelhouse) 13 + 20 Denga ndi pansi pa chombo 6 Armarm   Mfuti mtundu 36.m Caliber mu mm / mbiya kutalika mu calibers 20/82 Zipolopolo, zipolopolo   Nambala ndi mtundu (mu mm) wa mfuti zamakina 1-8,0 Anti-ndege mfuti - Zida zamfuti zamakina, makatiriji   Injini, mtundu, mtundu carb. "Busing Nag" L8V/36TR Mphamvu yamainjini, hp 155 Kuthamanga kwakukulu km / h 50 Kuchuluka kwamafuta, l 253 Kuyenda mumsewu waukulu, km 220 Kuthamanga kwapakati, kg / cm2 0,62 Toldi-2   "Toldi" II Chaka chopanga 1941 Kulimbana ndi kulemera, t 9,3 Crew, anthu 3 Kutalika kwa thupi, mm 4750 Kutalika ndi mfuti patsogolo, mm   Kutalika, mm 2140 Kutalika, mm 1870 Kusungitsa, mm   Thupi pamphumi 23-33 Hull bolodi 13 Tower pamphumi (wheelhouse) 13 + 20 Denga ndi pansi pa chombo 6-10 Armarm   Mfuti mtundu 42.m Caliber mu mm / mbiya kutalika mu calibers 40/45 Zipolopolo, zipolopolo 54 Nambala ndi mtundu (mu mm) wa mfuti zamakina 1-8,0 Anti-ndege mfuti - Zida zamfuti zamakina, makatiriji   Injini, mtundu, mtundu carb. "Busing Nag" L8V/36TR Mphamvu yamainjini, hp 155 Kuthamanga kwakukulu km / h 47 Kuchuluka kwamafuta, l 253 Kuyenda mumsewu waukulu, km 220 Kuthamanga kwapakati, kg / cm2 0,68 Turan-1   "Turan" ine Chaka chopanga 1942 Kulimbana ndi kulemera, t 18,2 Crew, anthu 5 Kutalika kwa thupi, mm 5500 Kutalika ndi mfuti patsogolo, mm   Kutalika, mm 2440 Kutalika, mm 2390 Kusungitsa, mm   Thupi pamphumi 50 (60) Hull bolodi 25 Tower pamphumi (wheelhouse) 50 (60) Denga ndi pansi pa chombo 8-25 Armarm   Mfuti mtundu 41.m Caliber mu mm / mbiya kutalika mu calibers 40/51 Zipolopolo, zipolopolo 101 Nambala ndi mtundu (mu mm) wa mfuti zamakina 2-8,0 Anti-ndege mfuti - Zida zamfuti zamakina, makatiriji   Injini, mtundu, mtundu Z-TURAN carb. Z-TURAN Mphamvu yamainjini, hp 260 Kuthamanga kwakukulu km / h 47 Kuchuluka kwamafuta, l 265 Kuyenda mumsewu waukulu, km 165 Kuthamanga kwapakati, kg / cm2 0,61 Turan-2   "Turan" II Chaka chopanga 1943 Kulimbana ndi kulemera, t 19,2 Crew, anthu 5 Kutalika kwa thupi, mm 5500 Kutalika ndi mfuti patsogolo, mm   Kutalika, mm 2440 Kutalika, mm 2430 Kusungitsa, mm   Thupi pamphumi 50 Hull bolodi 25 Tower pamphumi (wheelhouse)   Denga ndi pansi pa chombo 8-25 Armarm   Mfuti mtundu 41.m Caliber mu mm / mbiya kutalika mu calibers 75/25 Zipolopolo, zipolopolo 56 Nambala ndi mtundu (mu mm) wa mfuti zamakina 2-8,0 Anti-ndege mfuti - Zida zamfuti zamakina, makatiriji 1800 Injini, mtundu, mtundu Z-TURAN carb. Z-TURAN Mphamvu yamainjini, hp 260 Kuthamanga kwakukulu km / h 43 Kuchuluka kwamafuta, l 265 Kuyenda mumsewu waukulu, km 150 Kuthamanga kwapakati, kg / cm2 0,69 Zrinyi-2   Zrinyi II Chaka chopanga 1943 Kulimbana ndi kulemera, t 21,5 Crew, anthu 4 Kutalika kwa thupi, mm 5500 Kutalika ndi mfuti patsogolo, mm 5900 Kutalika, mm 2890 Kutalika, mm 1900 Kusungitsa, mm   Thupi pamphumi 75 Hull bolodi 25 Tower pamphumi (wheelhouse) 13 Denga ndi pansi pa chombo   Armarm   Mfuti mtundu 40 / 43.M Caliber mu mm / mbiya kutalika mu calibers 105/20,5 Zipolopolo, zipolopolo 52 Nambala ndi mtundu (mu mm) wa mfuti zamakina - Anti-ndege mfuti - Zida zamfuti zamakina, makatiriji   Injini, mtundu, mtundu carb. Z-TURAN Mphamvu yamainjini, hp 260 Kuthamanga kwakukulu km / h 40 Kuchuluka kwamafuta, l 445 Kuyenda mumsewu waukulu, km 220 Kuthamanga kwapakati, kg / cm2 0,75 Nimrodi   "Nimrodi" Chaka chopanga 1940 Kulimbana ndi kulemera, t 10,5 Crew, anthu 6 Kutalika kwa thupi, mm 5320 Kutalika ndi mfuti patsogolo, mm   Kutalika, mm 2300 Kutalika, mm 2300 Kusungitsa, mm   Thupi pamphumi 13 Hull bolodi 10 Tower pamphumi (wheelhouse) 13 Denga ndi pansi pa chombo 6-7 Armarm   Mfuti mtundu 36. M Caliber mu mm / mbiya kutalika mu calibers 40/60 Zipolopolo, zipolopolo 148 Nambala ndi mtundu (mu mm) wa mfuti zamakina - Anti-ndege mfuti - Zida zamfuti zamakina, makatiriji   Injini, mtundu, mtundu carb. L8V / 36 Mphamvu yamainjini, hp 155 Kuthamanga kwakukulu km / h 60 Kuchuluka kwamafuta, l 253 Kuyenda mumsewu waukulu, km 250 Kuthamanga kwapakati, kg / cm2   Mwala   "Mwala" Chaka chopanga   Kulimbana ndi kulemera, t 38 Crew, anthu 5 Kutalika kwa thupi, mm 6900 Kutalika ndi mfuti patsogolo, mm 9200 Kutalika, mm 3500 Kutalika, mm 3000 Kusungitsa, mm   Thupi pamphumi 100-120 Hull bolodi 50 Tower pamphumi (wheelhouse) 30 Denga ndi pansi pa chombo   Armarm   Mfuti mtundu 43.m Caliber mu mm / mbiya kutalika mu calibers 75/70 Zipolopolo, zipolopolo   Nambala ndi mtundu (mu mm) wa mfuti zamakina 2-8 Anti-ndege mfuti - Zida zamfuti zamakina, makatiriji   Injini, mtundu, mtundu carb. Z-TURAN Mphamvu yamainjini, hp 2 × 260 Kuthamanga kwakukulu km / h 45 Kuchuluka kwamafuta, l   Kuyenda mumsewu waukulu, km 200 Kuthamanga kwapakati, kg / cm2 0,78 Mawonekedwe a magalimoto okhala ndi zida zaku Hungary Kulimbana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mfuti yodziyendetsa yokha ya Nimrodi “Nimrode” anayamba kulowa usilikali mu February 1942. Popeza mfuti zimenezi kudziletsa ankaona odana thanki, iwo anapanga maziko a 51 thanki wowononga Battalion 1 Panzer Division, amene anali mbali ya 2 Hungary Army, amene anayamba kumenyana ndi Soviet Union m'chilimwe cha 1942. Pa 19 "Nimrod" (makampani 3 a mfuti 6 odziyendetsa okha ndi galimoto mkulu wa asilikali), pambuyo kugonjetsedwa kwa asilikali Hungary mu January 1943, 3 okha anabwerera kwawo. Monga chida chotsutsana ndi thanki, "Nimrods" adakumana ndi "fiasco" yathunthu.: Sanathe kulimbana ndi akasinja a Soviet a Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse T-34 ndi KB. Pomaliza, "Nimrods" adapeza ntchito yawo yeniyeni - ngati chida choteteza mpweya ndipo idakhala gawo la 1st (yobwezeretsedwa mu 1943) ndi 2nd TD ndi 1st CD (m'mawu amasiku ano - apakavalo onyamula zida). TD yoyamba inalandira 1, ndipo yachiwiri inali ndi ZSU 7 mu April 2, pamene nkhondo zinayambika ndi Red Army ku Galicia. Mwa magalimoto 1944 otsirizawa anali m'gulu la antchito a 37nd tanker battalion, ndipo makampani 17 a magalimoto 52 aliyense anapanga chitetezo cha ndege. M'chilimwe kampani yachisanu ndi chimodzi idawonjezedwa. Kapangidwe ka kampani: anthu 5, mfuti 4 zodziyendetsa, magalimoto 40. Pambuyo pa nkhondo zomwe sizinapambane, TD yachiwiri idakumbukiridwa kuchokera kutsogolo, ndikusunga 4 Nimrods. Mu June 1944, onse 4 a Nimrod a CD yoyamba adaphedwa pankhondo. Mu September, ku Hungary kunachitika nkhondo. Magawo onse atatu ndiye anali ndi ma Nimrodi 1 (80 mu ma TD onse ndi 39 mu CD). Ana a Nimrod anamenya nawo nkhondo mpaka kumapeto kwa nkhondoyo. Pa December 4, 3, kum’mwera kwa Budapest m’dera la Perbal Vali, gulu la akasinja la Lieutenant Colonel Horvath, limene linali ndi ma Nimrod 1944, linagwira ntchito. Pa Disembala 4, TD yachiwiri idapangidwa ndi ZSU 7, ndipo pa Marichi 2-26, 18, 19 "Nimrods" wa Lieutenant Colonel Maslau adachita nkhondo m'dera la Lake Balaton panthawi yankhondo yankhondo ya IV yankhondo yaku Germany. . Pa Marichi 1945, m'dera la Bakonyoslor, gulu lankhondo la Nemeth linataya mfuti zake zonse zodziwombera zokha. Amadziwika kuti angapo "Nimrod" anamenya nkhondo yozungulira Budapest. "Nimrods" anakhala mmodzi wa ZSU bwino ndi ogwira pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World. Kugwira ntchito kunja kwa zida zankhondo zotsutsana ndi akasinja, zidapereka chitetezo chamlengalenga kwa akasinja ndi magalimoto oyenda paulendo komanso kunkhondo. Pakadali pano, makope awiri a ZSU awa asungidwa: imodzi mumyuziyamu yankhondo ku Budapest, ina mu nyumba yosungiramo zida zankhondo ku Kubinka. Zotsatira: M. B. Baryatinsky. Tanki ya Honvedsheg. (Zosonkhanitsa Zida No. 3 (60) - 2005); I.P. Shmelev. Magalimoto ankhondo a ku Hungary (1940-1945); G.L. Kholyavsky "Complete Encyclopedia ya akasinja a dziko 1915-2000"; Peter Mujzer: The Royal Hungarian Army, 1920-1945.