The Great Revolt - mapeto a olumala?

Wina yemwe sanagwiritsepo ntchito chikuku angaganize kuti pali kusiyana pang'ono pakati pake ndi exoskeleton, kapena kuti ndi chikuku chomwe chimapereka kuyenda, kuyenda mofulumira komanso kothandiza kwambiri. Komabe, akatswiri ndi olumala okha amatsindika kuti ndizofunikira kwambiri kuti anthu olumala asamangoyendayenda, komanso kuti adzuke panjinga ya olumala ndikukhala olunjika.

June 12, 2014, itatsala pang'ono 17 koloko masana nthawi yaku Arena Corinthians ku São Paulo, wachinyamata wa ku Brazil m'malo mwa chikukukomwe nthawi zambiri amayenda, adalowa m'munda ndi mapazi ake ndipo adapanga pass yake yoyamba mu World Cup. Anali atavala chipolopolo chotchedwa exoskeleton (1). 

1. Mpira woyamba kumenya pa World Cup ku Brazil

Kapangidwe kameneka kanapangidwa chifukwa cha ntchito ya zaka zambiri ya gulu la asayansi lapadziko lonse lapansi lomwe limayang'ana kwambiri polojekiti ya Go Again. Kusungulumwa exkelekeleton Zapangidwa ku France. Ntchitoyi inagwirizanitsidwa ndi Gordon Cheng wa Technical University of Munich, ndipo luso lowerengera mafunde a ubongo linapangidwa makamaka ku United States, pamalo omwewo ku yunivesite ya Duke.

Aka kanali koyamba kuwonetsa kuwongolera malingaliro muzipangizo zamakina. Izi zisanachitike, ma exoskeletons adawonetsedwa pamisonkhano kapena kujambula m'ma laboratories, ndipo zojambulidwa nthawi zambiri zimapezeka pa intaneti.

exkelekeleton inamangidwa ndi Dr. Miguel Nicolelis ndi gulu la asayansi 156. Dzina lake ndi BRA-Santos-Dumont, dzina la Albert Santos-Dumont, mpainiya wa ku Brazil. Kuonjezera apo, chifukwa cha ndemanga, wodwalayo ayenera "kumva" zomwe akuchita kudzera muzitsulo zamagetsi zomwe zili mu zipangizo.

Lowetsani mbiri yakale ndi mapazi anu

Nkhani ya Claire Lomas (32) wazaka 2 ikusonyeza zimenezi exkelekeleton kungatsegule njira kwa munthu wolumala ku moyo watsopano. Mu 2012, mtsikana wina wa ku Britain, wolumala kuchokera m’chiuno kupita pansi, anatchuka atamaliza mpikisano wa London Marathon. Zinamutengera masiku khumi ndi asanu ndi awiri, koma adachita! Ntchitoyi idatheka chifukwa cha mafupa a Israeli ReWalk.

2. Claire Lomas atavala ReWalk exoskeleton

Kupambana kwa Mayi Claire kwatchulidwa kuti ndi chimodzi mwa zochitika zazikulu kwambiri zaumisiri mu 2012. Chaka chotsatira, anayamba mpikisano watsopano ndi zofooka zake. Panthaŵiyi, anaganiza zokwera njinga yamanja mtunda wa makilomita 400 kapena kupitirira makilomita 600.

Ali m’njira, anayesetsa kuyendera mizinda yambirimbiri. Panthawi yopuma, adayambitsa ReWalk ndipo adayendera masukulu ndi mabungwe osiyanasiyana, akulankhula za iye yekha ndikupeza ndalama zothandizira anthu ovulala msana.

Mafupa a Exoskeleton mpaka kusinthidwa zikuku. Mwachitsanzo, amachedwa kwambiri kuti munthu wolumala athe kuwoloka msewu bwinobwino. Komabe, nyumbazi zayesedwa posachedwa, ndipo zimatha kubweretsa kale mapindu ambiri.

Kuphatikiza pa kukwanitsa kuthana ndi zopinga komanso kutonthoza m'maganizo, mafupa amtunduwu amapereka mwayi kwa wogwiritsa ntchito njinga ya olumala kuti athe kukonzanso. Udindo wowongoka umalimbitsa mtima, minofu, kuzungulira ndi ziwalo zina za thupi zofooka ndi kukhala tsiku ndi tsiku.

Chigoba chokhala ndi joystick

Berkeley Bionics, yodziwika ndi pulojekiti yake yankhondo ya HULC, yomwe idaperekedwa zaka zisanu zapitazo exkelekeleton kwa anthu olumala amatchedwa eLEGS (3). Ndi yosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito mapangidwe opangira anthu olumala. Imalemera 20 kg ndipo imakulolani kuyenda pa liwiro la 3,2 km / h. kwa maola asanu ndi limodzi.

Chipangizocho chapangidwa kuti munthu woyenda pa njinga ya olumala azitha kuchivala ndikuyenda m’mphindi zochepa chabe. Amavala zovala ndi nsapato, zomangidwa ndi Velcro ndi zomangira, zofanana ndi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'matumba.

Kuwongolera kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito manja otanthauziridwa pakompyuta ya exoskeleton. Kuyenda kumachitidwa pogwiritsa ntchito ndodo kuti zikuthandizeni kusunga bwino. ReWalk ndi ma eLEGS aku America ofanana ndi opepuka. Ayenera kuvomereza kuti samapereka kukhazikika kwathunthu, motero kufunika kotchulidwa kudalira ndodo. Kampani yaku New Zealand ya REX Bionics yatenga njira ina.

4. Rex Bionics exoskeleton

REX yomwe adamanga imalemera 38kg koma ndiyokhazikika (4). Amatha kupirira ngakhale kupatuka kwakukulu kuchokera pakuyima ndikuyima pa mwendo umodzi. Imagwiridwanso mosiyana. M'malo molinganiza thupi, wogwiritsa ntchito amagwiritsa ntchito chokoka chosangalatsa chaching'ono. Robotic exoskeleton, kapena REX mwachidule, idatenga zaka zinayi kuti ipangidwe ndipo idawonetsedwa koyamba pa Julayi 14, 2010.

Zimatengera lingaliro la exoskeleton ndipo imakhala ndi miyendo ya robotic yomwe imakulolani kuyimirira, kuyenda, kusuntha chammbali, kutembenuka, kutsamira ndipo potsiriza kuyenda. Izi ndi za anthu omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala achikhalidwe tsiku ndi tsiku. chikuku.

Chipangizocho chalandira zofunikira zonse zapaderalo ndipo zidapangidwa poganizira malingaliro a akatswiri angapo okonzanso. Kuphunzira kuyenda ndi miyendo ya robotic kumatenga milungu iwiri. Wopanga amapereka maphunziro ku REX Center ku Auckland, New Zealand.

Ubongo umayamba kugwira ntchito

Posachedwapa, injiniya wa yunivesite ya Houston José Contreras-Vidal anaphatikiza mawonekedwe a ubongo a BCI mu New Zealand exoskeleton. Chifukwa chake m'malo mwa ndodo, REX imathanso kulamulidwa ndi malingaliro a wogwiritsa ntchito. Ndipo, ndithudi, uwu si mtundu wokhawo wa exoskeleton umene umalola "kulamulidwa ndi ubongo."

Gulu la asayansi aku Korea ndi Germany apanga zovomerezeka exoskeleton control system mayendedwe a m'munsi m'munsi pogwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe a ubongo pogwiritsa ntchito chipangizo cha electroencephalographic ndi ma LED.

Zambiri za yankho ili - zodalirika kwambiri kuchokera kumalingaliro a, mwachitsanzo, ogwiritsa ntchito njinga za olumala - zidawonekera miyezi ingapo yapitayo m'magazini apadera "Journal of Neural Engineering".

Dongosololi limakupatsani mwayi wopita patsogolo, kutembenukira kumanzere ndi kumanja, ndikukhalabe osasunthika. Wogwiritsa ntchito amayika "mahedifoni" a EEG pamutu pawo ndikutumiza ma pulse oyenera kwinaku akuyang'ana ndikuyang'ana ma LED asanu osiyanasiyana.

LED iliyonse imawunikira pafupipafupi, ndipo munthu amene amagwiritsa ntchito exoskeleton amayang'ana pa LED yosankhidwa pafupipafupi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti EEG iwerengere zomwe zimachitika muubongo.

Monga momwe mungaganizire, dongosololi limafunikira kukonzekera, koma, monga momwe opanga akutsimikizira, limagwira bwino zomwe zikufunika kuchokera kuphokoso lonse laubongo. Nthawi zambiri zimatengera mayeso pafupifupi mphindi zisanu kuti aphunzire momwe angayendetsere bwino exoskeleton yomwe imasuntha miyendo yawo.

Kupatula ma exoskeletons.

Exoskeletons m'malo mwake zikuku - ukadaulo uwu sunayende bwino, ndipo ngakhale malingaliro atsopano akuwonekera. Ngati mutha kuwongolera zinthu zamakina a inert ndi malingaliro anu exkelekeletonndiye bwanji osagwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe ngati BCI pamitsempha yopumira ya munthu wolumala?

5. Munthu wopuwala amayenda ndi BCI popanda exoskeleton.

Njira yothetsera vutoli inafotokozedwa kumapeto kwa September 2015 mu nyuzipepala ya NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation Specialists kuchokera ku yunivesite ya California ku Irvine, motsogoleredwa ndi Dr. An Do, adakonzekeretsa munthu wazaka 26 wolumala kwa zaka zisanu ndi woyendetsa ndege wa EEG. pamutu pake ndi maelekitirodi omwe amanyamula mphamvu zamagetsi m'minofu yozungulira mawondo ake osasunthika (5).

Asanagwiritsenso ntchito miyendo yake atatha zaka zosasunthika, mwachiwonekere anayenera kudutsa maphunziro achizolowezi kwa anthu omwe amagwiritsa ntchito ma BCI. Anaphunzira mu zenizeni zenizeni. Ankafunikanso kulimbikitsa minofu ya m’miyendo yake kuti ichirikize kulemera kwa thupi lake.

Anatha kuyenda mamita 3,66 ndi woyenda, zomwe zinamupangitsa kuti asamayende bwino ndikusintha zina mwa kulemera kwake kwa thupi. Mosasamala kanthu kuti zingamveke modabwitsa ndi zododometsa chotani, iye anakhoza kulamulira miyendo yake!

Malinga ndi asayansi omwe adayesa izi, njira iyi, limodzi ndi chithandizo chamakina ndi ma prosthetics, imatha kubwezeretsa gawo lalikulu lakuyenda kwa olumala komanso olumala komanso kupereka kukhutitsidwa kwamaganizidwe kuposa ma exoskeletons. Mulimonse momwe zingakhalire, kupanduka kwakukulu kwa ngolo kukuwoneka kuti kwayandikira.