Omanga Aakulu - Gawo 2

Timapitiliza nkhani ya okonza ndi akatswiri odziwika kwambiri m'mbiri yamakampani opanga magalimoto. Mwa zina, mudzaphunzira omwe anali opanduka a British "ogwira ntchito m'galimoto", omwe anamanga makina odziwika bwino a Alfa ndi Ferrari, ndi omwe "Bambo Bender" anali. Zophatikiza".

Polish chozizwitsa cha luso

Tadeusz Tanski ndiye tate wa galimoto yayikulu yoyamba yaku Poland.

Kwa gulu la opanga magalimoto odziwika bwino azaka makumi angapo zoyambirira chitukuko chagalimoto palinso injiniya waku Poland Tadeusz Tanski (1892-1941). Mu 1920 anamanga mu nthawi yochepa kwambiri galimoto yoyamba yankhondo yaku Poland Ford FT-B, yozikidwa pa galimoto ya Ford T. Chipambano chake chachikulu chinali Mtengo wa CWS T-1 - galimoto yoyamba yopangidwa ndi anthu ambiri. Anapanga izo mu 1922-24.

Zinali zosowa padziko lonse lapansi komanso mpikisano waumisiri kuti galimotoyo imatha kupasuka ndikulumikizidwanso ndi kiyi imodzi (chida chowonjezera chokha chinali chofunikira kuti mutulutse ma spark plugs), ndipo lamba wanthawi ndi gearbox anali ndi zida zofananira! Zimapangidwa ndi zomangidwa kuchokera pachiyambi injini yamphamvu inayi voliyumu 3 malita ndi mphamvu 61 hp. okhala ndi ma valve mumutu wa aluminiyamu omwe Tanski adapanga ndikumanga pasanathe chaka. Anamwalira pankhondo, ataphedwa ndi Ajeremani mumsasa wachibalo wa Auschwitz.

KSV T-1 mu mtundu wa torpedo

Aston Marek

Popeza ulusi waku Poland wawonekera kale, sindingathe kutchula wojambula wina waluso wochokera kudziko lathu, yemwe adapanga ntchito yayikulu kwambiri yosamukira ku UK. Mu 2019 Aston Martin anaganiza zopanga makope 25 enieni Chithunzi cha DB5, galimoto yomwe inatchuka ngati Galimoto yokondedwa ya James Bond.

James Bond (Sean Connery) ndi Aston Martin D

Pansi pa ma hood awo amayendetsa injini yomwe idapangidwa ndi anzathu mu 60s - Tadeusz Marek (1908-1982). Ndikulankhula za injini yabwino kwambiri ya 6 lita 3,7-cylinder yokhala ndi 240 hp; Kuphatikiza pa DB5, imapezekanso mumitundu ya DBR2, DB4, DB6 ndi DBS. Injini yachiwiri yomangidwa ndi Marek kwa Aston inali 8-lita V5,3. Injini yodziwika bwino Ubwino wa V8 model, amapangidwa mosalekeza kuyambira 1968 mpaka 2000. Marek adayamba ntchito yake ku Second Polish Republic monga wopanga ku PZInż. mu Warsaw, kumene nawo, makamaka, ntchito pa injini ya lodziwika bwino njinga yamoto Sokół. Anapikisananso bwino pamisonkhano ndi mipikisano.

Tadeusz Marek atapambana mpikisano wa Polish Rally '39

Ogwira ntchito ku garage

Mwachionekere, anawatcha “magalaja” mwanjira yanjiru Enzo Ferrariamene sakanatha kugwirizana ndi mfundo yakuti amakanika ena osadziwika bwino a ku Britain m'mabwalo ang'onoang'ono komanso ndalama zochepa amamanga magalimoto omwe amapambana pamayendedwe othamanga ndi magalimoto ake apamwamba komanso okwera mtengo. Ndife a gulu ili John Cooper, Colin Chapman, Bruce McLaren komanso wa ku Australia Jack Brabham (1926-2014), amene anapambana mutu wa dziko Fomu 1 mu 1959, 1960 ndi 1966 adayendetsa magalimoto apangidwe ake ndi injini yomwe ili chapakati kumbuyo kwa dalaivala. Makonzedwe awa a unit mphamvu anali kusintha mu motorsport, ndipo anayamba A John Cooper (1923-2000), pokonzekera nyengo ya 1957. Galimoto ya Cooper-Climax.

Stirling Moss yokhala ndi Cooper-Climax (No. 14)

Cooper sanali wophunzira wakhama, koma anali ndi luso pamakanika, kotero ali ndi zaka 15 ankagwira ntchito mu workshop ya abambo ake, kumanga. magalimoto opepuka. , Cooper adadziwika chifukwa cha kusintha kwake kodabwitsa wotchuka Mini, chithunzi cha 60s, Mini anali ubongo wa mlengi wina wotchuka wa ku Britain Alec Isigonis (1906-1988), amene kwa nthawi yoyamba m'galimoto yaing'ono yotereyi, "ya anthu" anaika injini kutsogolo. Kwa izi adawonjezera njira yoyimitsira mwapadera yokhala ndi mphira m'malo mwa akasupe, mawilo otalikirana ndi owongolera omvera omwe adapangitsa kuti go-kart ikhale yosangalatsa kuyendetsa. Ichi chinali maziko abwino kwambiri pa zoyesayesa za Cooper, yemwe, chifukwa cha zosintha zake (injini yamphamvu kwambiri, mabuleki abwino ndi chiwongolero cholondola). adapatsa mphamvu yakuthamanga kwa midget yaku Britain. Galimotoyo yakhala yopambana kwambiri pamasewera pazaka zambiri, kuphatikiza. Kupambana katatu pamasewera otchuka a Monte Carlo Rally.

Alec Issigonis kutsogolo kwa chomera cha Longbridge ku Austin chokhala ndi Mini yoyamba ndi Morris Mini Minor Deluxe yatsopano mu 1965.

Mini Cooper S - wopambana mu 1965 Monte Carlo Rally

Wina (1937-1970), yemwe adapereka chidwi kwambiri zochitika mlengalengakukhazikitsa zowononga zazikulu ndikuyesa kutsitsa. Tsoka ilo, adamwalira panthawi imodzi mwa mayesowa mu 1968, koma gulu lake ndi gulu lothamanga lidapitilira cholowa chake ndipo likugwirabe ntchito lero.

Wachitatu mwa "amuna a garage" aku Britain anali aluso kwambiri, Colin Chapman (1928-1982), yemwe anayambitsa kampani ya Lotus, yomwe adayambitsa mu 1952. Korobeynyk sanangoganizira chabe Zopondaponda. Anamanganso, ndipo kupambana kwawo kunamasuliridwa mwachindunji mu bajeti ya mpikisano wothamanga, yomwe inalowa m'magalimoto ake mumitundu yonse yofunika kwambiri ndi misonkhano yapadziko lonse lapansi (mu Formula 1 yokha, Team Lotus inapambana anthu asanu ndi limodzi ndi asanu ndi awiri. mpikisano). ). Chapman adatsutsana ndi zochitika zamakono, m'malo mowonjezera mphamvu, adasankha kulemera kochepa komanso kusamalira bwino. M’moyo wake wonse anatsatira mfundo imene anakhazikitsa yakuti: “Kuwonjezera mphamvu kumakupangitsani kukhala wothamanga m’njira yowongoka. Kuchotsa kwakukulu kumakupangitsani kukhala wofulumira kulikonse. ” Chotsatira chake chinali magalimoto atsopano monga "Lotus Seven", omwe, mwa njira, amapangidwabe osasinthika pansi pa mtundu wa Caterham. Chapman anali ndi udindo osati pa makina awo okha, komanso mapangidwe awo.

Colin Chapman athokoza dalaivala Jim Clark popambana 1967 Dutch Grand Prix mu Lotus 49.

momwe McLaren anali ndi chidziwitso chochuluka cha kayendedwe ka ndege ndipo anayesa kuzigwiritsa ntchito pamagalimoto ake opepuka kwambiri. Zopangidwa ndi iye Lotus 79 galimoto anakhala chitsanzo choyamba kugwiritsa ntchito mokwanira otchedwa. zotsatira za pamwamba zomwe zinapereka mphamvu yochepetsera kwambiri ndikuwonjezera kwambiri kuthamanga kwa ngodya. Kalelo mu 60s, Chapman anali woyamba mu F1 kugwiritsa ntchito thupi la monocoque m'malo mwa chimango chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri panthawiyo. Njira iyi idayambika mumsewu wa Elite, kenako idalowa galimoto yotchuka ya Lotus 25 kuchokera chaka cha 1962

Richard Attwood akuyendetsa Lotus 25 pa '65 German Grand Prix.

Injini Yabwino Kwambiri F1

Popeza tikukamba za "magalimoto a garage," ndi nthawi yoti mulembe ziganizo zingapo za mainjiniya. Cosworth DFWzomwe ambiri amaziwona ngati injini yabwino kwambiri F1 magalimoto m'mbiri. Mainjiniya wotchuka wa ku Britain ndiye anali ndi gawo lalikulu kwambiri pantchitoyi. Keith Duckworth (1933-2005), ndi kumuthandiza Mike Costin (wobadwa 1929). Amuna awiriwa adakumana akugwira ntchito ku Lotus ndipo, atakhala pachibwenzi kwa zaka zitatu, adayambitsa kampani yawo, Cosworth, mu 1958. mwamwayi Colin Chapman sanakhumudwe nazo ndipo adaziyika mu 1965 kusonkhanitsa injini yagalimoto yatsopano ya F1. 3 lita V8 injini inali ndi ma silinda a digirii 90, mavavu apawiri anayi pa silinda (-DFV), ndi makina atsopano a lotus, Chitsanzo 49, idapangidwa ndi Chapman makamaka Engine Cosworth, yomwe ili m'dongosolo lino ndi gawo lonyamula katundu la chassis, lomwe linatheka chifukwa cha kusakanikirana kwake ndi kusasunthika kwa chipikacho. Mphamvu zazikulu zinali 400 hp. pa 9000 rpm. zomwe zinapangitsa kuti zitheke kuthamanga kwa 320 km / h.

Magalimoto ndi injini iyi adapambana 155 mwa mipikisano 262 ya Formula One yomwe adalowa. Madalaivala omwe ali ndi injini iyi apambana maudindo a F1 maulendo 12, ndipo omanga omwe amawagwiritsa ntchito akhala abwino kwambiri kwa nyengo khumi. Atasinthidwa kukhala 1L turbocharged unit, idapambananso mipikisano ndi mipikisano ku US. Zinathandizanso magulu a Mirage ndi Rondeau kupambana Maola a 2,65 a Le Mans ku 24 ndi 1975 motsatira. Inagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino kwambiri mu Formula 1980 mpaka pakati pa 3000s.

Cosworth DFV ndi opanga ake: Bill Brown, Keith Duckworth, Mike Costin ndi Ben Rood

M'mbiri ya makampani opanga magalimoto, pali injini zochepa zomwe zimakhala ndi mbiri yakale yopambana. Duckworth, PA i Kostina Zachidziwikire, adapanganso zida zina zamagetsi, kuphatikiza. njinga zamoto zabwino zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamasewera a Ford ndi magalimoto othamanga: Sierra RS Cosworth ndi Escort RS Cosworth.

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