Zosintha kuchokera ku A mpaka Z

Kutumiza kwamtundu wa CVT kuchokera m'chipinda chonyamula anthu m'galimoto yoyima sikudziwika bwino ndi makina odziwika bwino. Apa mutha kuwona chowongolera chosankha ndi zilembo zodziwika bwino PNDR, palibe chopondapo cholumikizira. Kodi kufalitsa kwa CVT kosalekeza kumagwira ntchito bwanji m'magalimoto amakono? Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa toroidal ndi V-belt variator? Izi zidzakambidwa m’nkhani yotsatira.

CVT - kufala kosalekeza kosinthika

Mwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana yotumizira, chosinthira chosasunthika chimawonekera, chomwe chimayang'anira kutumiza ma torque. Choyamba, mbiri yakale maziko.

Mbiri ya CVT

Zikafika kumbuyo kwa chipangizo chosinthira, umunthu wa Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) umatchulidwa. M'ntchito za wojambula wa ku Italy ndi wasayansi, munthu angapeze mafotokozedwe oyambirira a kufalitsa kosasintha komwe kwasintha kwambiri m'zaka za zana la XNUMX. Oweta mphero a m’zaka za m’ma Middle Ages ankadziwanso mfundo imene inali pa chipangizocho. Pogwiritsa ntchito malamba ndi ma cones, ogaya pamanja ankagwiritsa ntchito mpherozo ndikusintha liwiro la kuzungulira kwawo.

Pafupifupi zaka 400 zidapita kuti chivomerezo choyamba chopangidwa. Tikulankhula za mtundu wa toroidal wovomerezeka mu 1886 ku Europe. Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito bwino kwa CVT pa njinga zamoto zothamanga kunachititsa kuti kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma XNUMX kuletsa kutenga nawo mbali kwa zida zokhala ndi CVTs kunayambika. Pofuna kukhalabe ndi mpikisano wabwino, zoletsa zoterezi zinadzipangitsa kumva bwino m'zaka zonse zapitazi.

Kugwiritsa ntchito koyamba kwa makina osinthira magalimoto kunayamba mu 1928. Kenako, mwa khama la omanga kampani British Clyno Engineering, galimoto ndi kufala CVT-mtundu anapezedwa. Chifukwa cha ukadaulo wocheperako, makinawo sanasiyanitsidwe ndi kudalirika komanso kuchita bwino kwambiri.

Mbiri yatsopano idachitika ku Holland. Mwiniwake wa nkhawa ya DAF, Van Dorn, adapanga ndikukhazikitsa mamangidwe a Variomatic. Zogulitsa za chomerachi ndizomwe zimasiyanitsidwa ndikugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri.

Masiku ano, makampani odziwika padziko lonse lapansi ochokera ku Japan, USA, Germany akuyesetsa kukhazikitsa njira zosinthira zosinthira pamagalimoto. Kuti akwaniritse zomwe zikuchitika panthawiyi, chipangizocho chikukonzedwa nthawi zonse.

CVT ndi chiyani

CVT imayimira Continuous Variable Transmission. Kutanthauziridwa kuchokera ku Chingerezi, izi zikutanthauza "kusintha kufalitsa mosalekeza." M'malo mwake, kupitiliza kumawonetseredwa ndi chakuti kusintha kwa chiŵerengero cha zida sikumveka ndi dalaivala mwanjira iliyonse (palibe kugwedezeka kwapadera). Kutumiza kwa torque kuchokera ku mota kupita ku mawilo oyendetsa kumachitika popanda kugwiritsa ntchito masitepe ochepa, chifukwa chake kufalikira kumatchedwa kusinthasintha kosalekeza. Ngati dzina la CVT likupezeka mu chizindikiritso cha kasinthidwe kagalimoto, ndiye kuti tikulankhula zakuti chosinthira chimagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Mitundu yamitundu yosiyanasiyana

Zomwe zimapangidwira zomwe zimatumiza torque kuchokera ku shaft kupita ku shaft yoyendetsedwa zimatha kukhala V-lamba, unyolo kapena roller. Ngati mawonekedwe osankhidwa asankhidwa ngati maziko a gulu, ndiye kuti zotsatirazi za CVT zitha kupezeka:

• V-lamba;
• zolembalemba;
• toroidal.

Kutumiza kwamitundu iyi kumagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka m'makampani amagalimoto, ngakhale pali zosankha zambiri pazida zomwe zimapangitsa kusintha kosavuta kwa gear.

Chifukwa chiyani kufalitsa kopanda masitepe kumafunikira

Chifukwa cha kufalikira kosasunthika, injini yoyaka mkati imatumiza torque popanda kuchedwa nthawi iliyonse yantchito yake. Kuchedwa kotereku kumachitika pamene chiŵerengero cha gear chikusintha. Mwachitsanzo, pamene dalaivala amasuntha cholozera chamanja chamanja kupita ku malo ena kapena kufala kwadzidzidzi kumagwira ntchito yake. Chifukwa cha kufala kosalekeza, galimoto bwino amanyamula liwiro, mphamvu ya galimoto ukuwonjezeka, ndipo chuma china chamafuta chimatheka.

Chipangizo ndi mfundo ya ntchito Variator

Mafunso okhudza zomwe chipangizo cha variator ndi mfundo ya ntchito yake tidzakambirana mwatsatanetsatane. Koma choyamba muyenera kudziwa zomwe ndi zigawo zikuluzikulu zamapangidwe.

Zigawo zikuluzikulu

Kutumiza kwa CVT kumaphatikizapo ma pulleys oyendetsa ndi oyendetsedwa, lamba (unyolo kapena wodzigudubuza) wowalumikiza, ndi dongosolo lolamulira. Ma pulleys ali pamiyendo ndipo amawoneka ngati magawo awiri a mawonekedwe a conical, akuyang'anizana ndi nsonga za cones. Chodabwitsa cha ma cones ndikuti amatha kusinthana ndikusiyana mumtundu womwe waperekedwa. Kunena zowona, chulucho chimodzi chimasuntha, pomwe chinacho chimakhala chosasunthika. Kusuntha kwa ma pulleys pazitsulo kumayendetsedwa ndi dongosolo lolamulira lomwe limalandira deta kuchokera pakompyuta ya galimoto.

Komanso zigawo zikuluzikulu za CVT ndi:

• chosinthira makokedwe (udindo wotumiza makokedwe kuchokera ku injini kupita ku shaft yolowera);
• thupi la valve (amapereka mafuta ku ma pulleys ozungulira);
• zosefera kuteteza ku kupanga zitsulo ndi madipoziti;
• ma radiator (kuchotsa kutentha m'bokosi);
• pulaneti limagwirira amene amapereka n'zosiyana kayendedwe ka galimoto.

V-lamba wosintha

Mtundu wa V-belt umayimiridwa ndi ma pulleys awiri otsetsereka komanso okulirapo olumikizidwa ndi lamba wachitsulo. Pochepetsa kukula kwa pulley yoyendetsa, kuwonjezereka kwapang'onopang'ono kwa pulley yoyendetsedwa kumachitika, zomwe zikuwonetsa zida zochepetsera. Kuchulukitsa kuchuluka kwa ma drive a pulley kumakupatsani mwayi wowonjezera.

Kusintha kupanikizika kwa madzi ogwira ntchito kumakhudza kayendetsedwe ka cone ya pulley yoyendetsa. Pulley yoyendetsedwa imasintha kukula kwake chifukwa cha lamba wokhazikika komanso kasupe wobwerera. Ngakhale kusintha pang'ono kukakamizidwa mu kufala kumakhudza chiŵerengero cha zida.

Lamba chipangizo

Lamba wa CVT wokhala ndi lamba amakhala ndi zingwe zachitsulo kapena mizere. Chiwerengero chawo chikhoza kufika pa zidutswa 12. Mizereyo ili pamwamba pa inzake ndipo imamangiriridwa pamodzi ndi zitsulo zachitsulo. Maonekedwe ovuta a mabakiteriya amalola osati kumangirira zingwe, komanso kupereka kukhudzana ndi ma pulleys ofunikira kuti agwire ntchito yotumizira.

Chitetezo ku kuvala mofulumira kumaperekedwa ndi zokutira. Zimalepheretsanso lamba kuti asagwedezeke pazitsulo panthawi yogwira ntchito. M'magalimoto amakono, ndizopanda phindu kugwiritsa ntchito malamba achikopa kapena silicone chifukwa cha gawo laling'ono la gawolo.

V-chain chosinthira

Mtundu wa V-chain ndi wofanana ndi lamba wa V, unyolo wokhawo umagwira ntchito ya transmitter pakati pa drive ndi shafts zoyendetsedwa. Mapeto a unyolo, omwe amakhudza conical pamwamba pa pulleys, ndi udindo kufala kwa torque.

Chifukwa cha kusinthasintha kwake kwakukulu, mtundu wa V-chain wa CVT ndiwothandiza kwambiri.

Mfundo ya ntchito yake ndi yofanana ndendende ndi yopatsirana ndi lamba.

Chida chozungulira

Unyolowu uli ndi mbale zachitsulo, iliyonse yomwe imakhala ndi zingwe zolumikizira. Chifukwa cha kugwirizana kosunthika pakati pa mbale mumapangidwe a unyolo, amapereka kusinthasintha ndikusunga torque pamlingo woperekedwa. Chifukwa cha maulalo okonzedwa mu checkerboard pattern, unyolo uli ndi mphamvu zambiri.

Mphamvu yosweka ya unyolo ndi yapamwamba kuposa ya lamba. Kuyika kwa lug kumapangidwa kuchokera ku alloys omwe amakana kuvala mwachangu. Amatsekedwa mothandizidwa ndi zoyikapo, zomwe mawonekedwe ake ndi semi-cylindrical. Mapangidwe a maunyolo ndikuti amatha kutambasula. Mfundoyi imakhudza kugwira ntchito kwa kufalitsa kosalekeza kosalekeza, choncho, kumafunika kusamala kwambiri panthawi yokonzekera.

Mtundu wa Toroidal

Mtundu wa toroidal wa gearbox wa CVT ndiwocheperako. Chinthu chodziwika bwino cha chipangizochi ndi chakuti m'malo mwa lamba kapena unyolo, zogudubuza zozungulira zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pano (mozungulira nsonga yake, kayendedwe ka pendulum kuchokera pa pulley yoyendetsa galimoto kupita kumalo oyendetsa).

Mfundo ya ntchito ndi kayendedwe ka nthawi imodzi ya odzigudubuza pamwamba pa theka la ma pulleys. Pamwamba pa halves ali ndi mawonekedwe a toroid, choncho dzina la kufalitsa. Ngati kukhudzana ndi diski yoyendetsa galimoto kumachitika pamzere wa radius yaikulu, ndiye kuti mfundo yokhudzana ndi disk yoyendetsedwa idzagona pamzere wa radius yaying'ono kwambiri. Malowa akufanana ndi mode overdrive. Pamene odzigudubuza akupita ku shaft yoyendetsedwa, gear imatsika.

CVT mumakampani opanga magalimoto

Makampani opanga magalimoto akupanga zosankha zawo kuti azitumizira mosiyanasiyana. Cholinga chilichonse chimatchula chitukuko m'njira yakeyake:

1. Durashift CVT, Ecotronic - American version kuchokera ku Ford;
2. Multitronic ndi Autotronic - German CVTs kuchokera Audi ndi Mercedes-Benz;
3. Multidrive (Toyota), Lineartronic (Subaru), X-Tronic ndi Hyper (Nissan), Multimatic (Honda) - mayina awa angapezeke pakati pa opanga Japanese.

Ubwino ndi kuipa kwa CVT

Monga kufala kwamanja kapena kodziwikiratu, kufalitsa kosasintha kosinthika kumakhala ndi zabwino ndi zoyipa zake. Ubwino wake ndi:

• kuyenda bwino ndi galimoto (udindo "D" pa chosankha wakhazikitsidwa isanayambe kuyenda, injini Imathandizira ndi kubweza galimoto popanda jerks khalidwe zimango ndi basi);
• katundu yunifolomu pa injini, amene pamodzi ndi ntchito yeniyeni kufala ndi kumathandiza kuti mafuta chuma;
• kuchepetsa utsi wa zinthu zovulaza m’mlengalenga;
• mathamangitsidwe wamphamvu wa galimoto;
• kusowa gudumu kutsetsereka, komwe kumawonjezera chitetezo (makamaka pankhani yoyendetsa munyengo yachisanu).

Pazochepera zomwe zimapatsirana mosalekeza, chidwi chimakopeka:

• Kuchepetsa kapangidwe kaphatikizidwe kamitundu yokhala ndi injini zamphamvu zoyatsira mkati (mpaka pano titha kungolankhula za magalimoto angapo okhala ndi tandem yotere);
• chuma chochepa ngakhale ndi kukonza nthawi zonse;
• kukonza okwera mtengo (kugula);
• chiopsezo chachikulu pogula galimoto yogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi CVT (kuchokera ku mndandanda wa "nkhumba mu poke", popeza sizidziwika bwino momwe mwiniwake wa galimotoyo adayendera galimotoyo);
• malo ocheperako omwe ambuye angatenge kukonzanso chipangizocho (aliyense amadziwa za CVTs);
• kuletsa kukoka ndi kugwiritsa ntchito ngolo;
• kudalira zowunikira zowunikira (pakompyuta pakompyuta pakagwa vuto lipereka deta yolakwika kuti igwire ntchito);
• mafuta okwera mtengo komanso kufunikira kowunika mosalekeza kuchuluka kwake.

Chithunzi cha CVT

Ma nuances ogwirira ntchito (mikhalidwe yamsewu, kalembedwe kagalimoto) komanso kuwongolera pafupipafupi kwa kufalitsa kwa CVT kumakhudza gwero la chipangizocho.

Ngati malangizo a wopanga sakutsatiridwa, ngati malamulo okonzekera nthawi zonse akuphwanyidwa, n'zosathandiza kuwerengera moyo wautali wautumiki.

gwero ndi 150 zikwi Km, kufala, monga lamulo, si anamwino kwambiri. Pali akutali milandu pamene CVT inasinthidwa monga gawo la chitsimikizo kukonza magalimoto amene sanadutse 30 zikwi Km. Koma izi ndizosiyana ndi lamulo. Chigawo chachikulu chomwe chimakhudza moyo wautumiki ndi lamba (unyolo). Gawoli limafuna chidwi cha dalaivala, chifukwa ndi kuvala kolemera, CVT imatha kusweka kwathunthu.

anapezazo

Zikafika pamagalimoto okhala ndi ma torque mosalekeza, pali chifukwa chakuwunika koyipa. Chifukwa chake ndikuti node imafunikira kukonzedwa pafupipafupi, ndipo gwero lake ndi laling'ono. Funso ngati kugula galimoto ndi CVT, aliyense amasankha yekha. Kufala kuli ndi ubwino ndi kuipa kwake. Pomaliza, mukhoza kupereka chenjezo - pogula galimoto ntchito ndi CVT, muyenera kusamala kwambiri. Mwini wa galimoto ntchito akhoza kubisa mbali ntchito, ndi CVT pankhaniyi ndi njira tcheru kwa kufala makina.