Kodi mudakonda Queen's Gambit? Phunzirani chess kuyambira pachiyambi!
Zamkatimu
Ngakhale chess ili ndi malamulo osavuta, simasewera osavuta. Komabe, aliyense amene ali ndi zinthu zitatu akhoza kukhala wosewera mpira wa chess: kuleza mtima pang'ono, nthawi yochepa, ndi chessboard yokhala ndi zidutswa zonse. Onse a Magnus Carlsen (wampikisano wolamulira wa chess padziko lonse lapansi) komanso Garry Kasparov (wopambana padziko lonse lapansi 1985-1993) adaphunzira kusewera chess kuyambira pachiyambi ndipo adadutsa magawo omwewo ophunzirira monga osewera onse a novice chess. Ngakhale Beth Harmon, protagonist wa mndandanda wa King's Gambit, sangakhale wosiyana ndi lamuloli.
Simufunikanso kuwerenga matani a mabuku kuti mumvetsetse mfundo ndi mbiri yakale ya izi. logic board game. Komabe, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti idachokera ku India m'zaka za zana la XNUMX AD. Zidutswa zakale kwambiri zomwe zatsalazo zimapangidwa ndi minyanga ya njovu, zomwe zimasinthidwa pang'onopang'ono ndi zida zina (zidutswa zamatabwa kapena zitsulo za chess zidawonekera). Osati kokha zipangizo za chessboard ndi zidutswa zomwe zinapangidwa, komanso malamulo a masewerawo - adakhala owonjezereka. Pang'onopang'ono, kutchuka kwa chess kunafalikira ku Ulaya - makamaka iwo anali ofala pakati pa atsogoleri achipembedzo, omwe, pambuyo pa ntchito ndi mapemphero, amathera nthawi yawo yaulere kuphunzira malamulo awo omwe amasintha nthawi zonse. Kwa zaka mazana ambiri, chess yakopa mitima ya olamulira, mafumu, amphamvu a dziko lino ndi anthu a m’tauni, ndiyeno n’kukhala zosangulutsa zapadziko lonse. Chochitika cha masewerawa chikufotokozedwa m'mabuku ambiri omwe alipo, akufotokoza mbiri yake pamodzi ndi njira zenizeni zamasewera.
Zaukadaulo, i.e. makonzedwe a chessboard ndi zidutswa
Tsopano kuti mawu oyamba achidule a nkhaniyi atha, ndi nthawi yoti mupite kuzinthu zamakono. Tiyeni tiyambe ndi chessboard. Kuti muyike zidutswa, ikani pakati pa osewera awiri kuti mizere yakutsogolo ya wosewera aliyense ithe mu bwalo lakuda kumanzere. Thandizo lowonjezera lingaperekedwe ndi zilembo ndi manambala a mizere payokha, yomwe nthawi zambiri imayikidwa pa bolodi. Mukayika bwino, mutha kupita ku gawo lotsatira: kuyika ziwerengero m'magawo oyenera.
Art of Symmetry: Malo Oyambira mu Chess
Kukumbukira malo oyambira okwera pawokha ndikosavuta kuposa momwe mungaganizire. Kuti mukonze bwino zidutswazo, muyenera kudziwa mitundu yawo yonse, yomwe ndi: pawns, rooks, knights, mabishopu, mfumukazi ndi mfumu. Oyamba ali pamzere woyamba wamoto - wosewera aliyense aike zidutswa zisanu ndi zitatu pamzere wachiwiri kuchokera momwe amawonera (ndiko kuti, wachiwiri ndi wachisanu ndi chiwiri molingana ndi manambala omwe ali pa bolodi). Ndiye mukhoza kupita ku makonzedwe a ziwerengero zotsala, kudzaza mizere yoyandikana kwambiri ndi osewera.
Muyeneranso kutsatira malamulo a symmetry: magawo awiri owopsa a mzere woyamba amakhala ndi nsanja (ndiosavuta kuzindikira chifukwa cha kalembedwe ka "medieval"), ndi magawo ena awiri owopsa (oyandikira pakati pa woyamba. row) amakhala ndi zingwe ziwiri zosonyeza akavalo. Kenako, tikupitabe pakati pa mzere, timayika mabishopu awiri - zidutswa ziwiri zofanana. Timasiyidwa ndi mfumu ndi mfumukazi, yoyamba yomwe ili yaikulu pa pawns zonse ndipo nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi mtanda wojambula pa korona wake. Pachifukwa ichi, lamulo lokhwima likugwiritsidwa ntchito: wosewera mpira ayenera kuyika mfumukazi yake pamunda wotembenuka (wakuda ali pamunda wamdima, ndipo woyera ali pa kuwala). Malo okhawo omwe atsala ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri la bolodi: mfumu. Ndipo ali wokonzeka! Gawo loyamba lokonzekera masewera a chess latha.
Kodi chess imaseweredwa bwanji? Ndi mfundo ziti zomwe ziwerengero zimasuntha?
Ndikokwanira kuyika zidutswa pabwalo lamasewera kangapo kuti mukumbukire malo oyambira. Zambiri pang'ono ziyenera kutengeka mukaphunzira za kayendedwe ndi njira zowukira chidutswa chilichonse. Aliyense amene akufuna kuphunzira kusewera chess ndipo ali ndi chipiriro pang'ono akhoza kudziwa bwino.
Pawns. Zachinsinsi ndi zopindika
Monga tanenera kale, pawns nthawi zambiri amakhala moto woyamba ndipo m'masewera ambiri amayamba nawo masewera onse. Amasunthira kutsogolo mbali imodzi ndipo, mosiyana ndi zidutswa zina zonse, sangathe kubwerera kumbuyo. Kuphatikiza apo, ali ndi mwayi wosuntha mwapadera: chochita choyamba cha pawn yomwe wapatsidwa pamasewera chitha kuphatikiza kusuntha mabwalo awiri patsogolo. Amagwetsa otsutsa omwe atayimilira pafupi ndi malo awo ozungulira - ndipo, monga ndi mayendedwe, zimangokhala kutsamira patsogolo. Mayendedwe ena onse amatsata malamulo abwinobwino, mbali imodzi kutsogolo. Chinthu chomaliza kukumbukira pamutuwu: pawns ndi zidutswa zokha zomwe zimawukira, kupatulapo kusuntha.
Towers. kutali komanso koopsa
Ziwerengerozi zimangoyenda mopingasa komanso molunjika. Amakhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu kwa wotsutsa pomwe palibe pawn pa fayilo yomwe amaima. Pamenepa, gawo lawo lachiwonongeko limafika patali kwambiri, ndipo akhoza kulowa m’dera la adani.
Odumphadumpha. Zabwino kuukira modzidzimutsa
Monga momwe dzina lawo likusonyezera, iwo ndi ofulumira komanso osadziŵika bwino. Amayenda mofanana ndi L, ndiye kuti mipata iwiri kutsogolo kenako danga limodzi kumanzere kapena kumanja. Njira yoyendetserayi imatha kukhazikitsidwa mbali zonse molunjika komanso mopingasa. Malo otsiriza osuntha ndi pamene amaukira. Ndi chidutswa chokhacho chomwe chingalumphe pamwamba pa zidutswa zina.
mabishopu. Maziko a zokhumudwitsa
Iwo amasuntha ndi kuukira kokha diagonally. Chifukwa cha izi, iwo ali othamanga kwambiri ndipo amatha kusintha mwamsanga gawo la bolodi limene iwo ali.
munthu. Chida champhamvu kwambiri mu chess arsenal
Mfumukazi yomwe ili ndi mtengo wonyansa kwambiri ndi kuphatikiza kwa bishopu kusuntha ndi kuukira kwa rook. Izi zikutanthauza kuti imayenda ndikugunda zidutswa zina mopingasa, molunjika komanso mwa diagonally (kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo). Hetman ndi gawo la zomwe zimatchedwa. queen's gambit, kutsegula kwa chess komwe dzina la mndandanda wa "Queen's Gambit" limachokera (dzina loti "mfumukazi" limagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati liwu loti "mfumukazi").
Mfumu. Zochepa kwambiri komanso zamtengo wapatali
Chidutswa chofunikira kwambiri mu chess chimayenda ngati mfumukazi (mbali zonse), koma nthawi zonse lalikulu limodzi. Ikhoza kufufuzidwa, ndiko kuti, kuika mu chiwerengero cha mdani. Ndiye ntchito yathu ndikuchotsa chiwopsezo (kulanda chidutswa cha mdani kapena kuphimba mfumu) kapena kuthawa kwa mfumu. Ndikoyenera kukumbukira kuti sangathe kusunthira kumalo owombera a zidutswa zina za adani. Ngati checkmate watsekeredwa popanda njira yotulukira, checkmate amatsatira ndipo masewera atha.
Kusuntha kwapadera
Pomaliza, ndikofunikira kutchula zochitika ziwiri zodziwika bwino za chess ndi imodzi yosadziwika bwino. Yoyamba ndi castling: ngati sitinayambe anasuntha rook ndi mfumu, ndipo pa nthawi yomweyo palibe zidutswa zina pakati pawo ndi mfumu yekha si cheke, tikhoza kusuntha mfumu maselo awiri kumanzere kapena kumanja. , ndiyeno mbali ina yake timayika nsanja yapafupi. Iyi ndi njira yotchuka yowonjezera chitetezo cha chiwerengerochi.
Kuphatikiza apo, ndikofunikira kukumbukira chimodzi mwazinthu zosangalatsa kwambiri - kukwezedwa kwa pawn. Ngati mmodzi wa iwo afika pamzere wakutali kwambiri kuchokera kumalingaliro athu (mzere woyamba wa wotsutsa), tikhoza kusinthanitsa ndi chidutswa china cha chess, kupatula mfumu. Kenako timapeza mwayi wokhala ndi, mwachitsanzo, mfumukazi ziwiri, zomwe zimawonjezera mwayi wathu wopambana.
Lamulo lodziwika pang'ono ndikutha kujambula mukuwuluka. Izi zikugwiranso ntchito kwa ma pawns, koma okhawo omwe asuntha kale mabwalo atatu kuchokera pomwe adayambira. Ngati mdani ali ndi chiwombankhanga chake kuchokera pamzere woyandikana nawo asunthira kutsogolo mabwalo awiri, ndikuwoloka malo "olamulidwa" ndi pawn yathu, ndiye kuti titha kumugwira mozungulira, monga momwe timachitira nthawi zambiri, ngakhale atayimilira pamalo amodzi. . Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti kugwidwa uku kungangochitika mwamsanga pamene wotsutsayo atasuntha pawn yake. Pakutembenukira kwina, izi sizingatheke.
Malamulo onsewa ndi osavuta komanso mwatsatanetsatane akufotokozedwa ambiri mabuku ndi malangizo mu kupereka kwathu. Chifukwa cha iwo, mutha kufulumizitsa gawo loyambirira la maphunziro, komanso kuphunzira osati malamulo oyambira okha, komanso kutsegulira ndi njira zambiri zochitira mayendedwe.
Kodi ubwino wophunzirira kusewera chess ndi chiyani?
Anthu ambiri amakhulupirira kuti kusewera chess kumakulitsa luso losanthula, kumakhudzanso nzeru za ana ndi akulu, komanso kumathandiza kuthetsa mavuto bwino. Kafukufuku wina akuwonetsa kuti masewerawa atha kukhudza mphamvu, mwa zina, kulingalira momveka bwino komanso mwanzeru, ngakhale sitikudziwa momwe tingachitire. Chinthu chimodzi ndi chotsimikizika: posewera chess, choyamba muyenera kuteteza mfumu yanu, kupanga njira zanu ndipo musawope kulephera. Ndikoyenera kusamalira nkhani zaukadaulo ndikukhala ndi chessboard yokhazikika yokhala ndi zidutswa zomwe zitha zaka zambiri - muzopereka zathu aliyense apeza seti yoyenera pazosowa zawo, kusewera ndi abwenzi kapena abale.
Kuti masewera a chess atibweretsere chisangalalo chochuluka momwe tingathere, ndikofunikira kuwerenga mabuku okhudza masewerawa, kuphatikiza mitundu ya ana. Izi zikuphatikizanso njira zosewerera zomwe amalingaliridwa ndi zomwe zimatchedwa kutsegulira kwa chess (ndiko kuti, kutsatizana kwamayendedwe otsegulira). Ngakhale palibe mabuku omwe angatiphunzitse momwe tingapambane pa chess nthawi zonse, tidzapeza malangizo ambiri osangalatsa mwa iwo.
Ndipo ndani akudziwa, mwina chess adzakhala woyamba chizolowezi, ndiye chilakolako, ndiyeno ntchito, monga zinaliri ndi Beth Harmon? Zomwe mukufunikira ndikutsimikiza pang'ono komanso kuganiza mozama, komwe kumakhala mwa aliyense. Onani ngati ndinu wosewera wanzeru wa chess!
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