Ndi zigawo ziti zomwe zimakhala ndi magalimoto amagetsi ambiri?

M'zaka zaposachedwapa, magalimoto amagetsi akhala akuphimba kwambiri, osati chifukwa cha kutchuka kwawo. Anthu aku America kudutsa United States akusintha magalimoto amagetsi (EVs). Pali zifukwa zosiyanasiyana za izi, koma zazikuluzikulu ndizofuna kuchepetsa kutulutsa mafuta ndikugwiritsa ntchito mwayi wolimbikitsa ndalama zoperekedwa ndi maboma ndi maboma.

Zadziwika kuti California ndiye dziko lomwe magalimoto amagetsi amatchuka kwambiri, ndipo mayunitsi opitilira 400,000 amagulitsidwa pakati pa 2008 ndi 2018. Koma malo abwino kwambiri okhala ku US ngati muli ndi galimoto yamagetsi ndi ati? Ndi mayiko ati omwe ali ndi mtengo wotsika kwambiri wothira mafuta kapena malo opangira ndalama kwambiri?

Tasonkhanitsa deta yochuluka kuti tiyike dziko lililonse la US molingana ndi ziwerengero zosiyanasiyana, ndikufufuza deta iliyonse mwatsatanetsatane pansipa.

Kugulitsa magalimoto amagetsi

Malo owonekera kwambiri oti ayambire angakhale chiwerengero cha malonda. Maiko omwe ali ndi eni ake ochulukirapo adzalimbikitsidwa kuti azitha kuwathandiza pokonza malo awo opangira ma EV, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mayikowa akhale malo abwino oti eni ake a EV azikhalamo. Komabe, mayiko omwe ali ndi malonda apamwamba kwambiri, mosadabwitsa, ndi mayiko omwe ali ndi anthu ambiri. Chifukwa chake tinaganiza zoyang'ana kukula kwa malonda a pachaka m'boma lililonse pakati pa 2016 ndi 2017 kuti tidziwe komwe kukula kwa ma EV kuli kwakukulu.

Oklahoma ndiye dziko lomwe likukula kwambiri kuyambira 2016 mpaka 2017. Izi ndi zotsatira zochititsa chidwi chifukwa boma silipereka chilimbikitso kwa nzika zake kapena nthawi yopuma yamisonkho kuti agule galimoto yamagetsi, monga momwe zimakhalira m'maboma ambiri.

Boma lomwe lidawona kukula kocheperako pakugulitsa pakati pa 2016 ndi 2017 linali Wisconsin, pomwe idatsika ndi 11.4%, ngakhale eni eni a EV adapatsidwa ngongole zamisonkho ndi ngongole zamafuta ndi zida. Nthawi zambiri, maiko ena okha omwe adagulitsa malonda akutsika anali kumwera kwenikweni, monga Georgia ndi Tennessee, kapena kumpoto kwakutali, monga Alaska ndi North Dakota.

Chosangalatsa ndichakuti California ili m'munsi mwa gululi, ngakhale ndizomveka chifukwa malonda a EV adakhazikitsidwa kale kumeneko.

Kutchuka kwa magalimoto amagetsi ndi boma

Nkhani yogulitsa idatipangitsa kudabwa kuti ndi magalimoto ati amagetsi omwe anali otchuka kwambiri m'boma lililonse. Pambuyo pofufuza, tapanga mapu pansipa omwe akuwonetsa ma EV omwe amafufuzidwa kwambiri pa Google m'chigawo chilichonse.

Ngakhale magalimoto ena omwe ali pano ndi magalimoto amagetsi amtengo wapatali monga Chevy Bolt ndi Kia Soul EV, ambiri mwa iwo ndi okwera mtengo kuposa momwe anthu ambiri angakwanitse. Wina angayembekezere mtundu wotchuka kwambiri kukhala Tesla, popeza ndi wofanana ndi galimoto yamagetsi, koma chodabwitsa, galimoto yamagetsi yotchuka kwambiri m'mayiko ambiri ndi BMW i8, galimoto yamasewera osakanizidwa. Mwangozi, ndi galimoto yodula kwambiri pamapu.

Magalimoto otchuka kwambiri mu 2nd ndi 3rd mayiko ambiri ndi Tesla zitsanzo monga Model X ndi Model S. Ngakhale magalimoto onsewa si okwera mtengo monga i8, iwo akadali okwera mtengo ndithu.

Zoonadi, zotsatirazi zikhoza kufotokozedwa ndi mfundo yakuti anthu ambiri omwe akufunafuna magalimotowa sangagule; mwina amangofuna kudziwa zambiri za iwo chifukwa cha chidwi.

Mtengo wamafuta - magetsi motsutsana ndi mafuta

Chinthu chofunika kwambiri pa kukhala ndi galimoto ndi mtengo wamafuta. Tinkaganiza kuti zingakhale zosangalatsa kuyerekeza eGallon (ndalama zoyenda mtunda wofanana ndi galoni ya mafuta) ndi mafuta achikhalidwe. Boma lomwe lili loyamba pankhaniyi ndi Louisiana, yemwe amangolipira masenti 87 pa galoni. Chochititsa chidwi n'chakuti, Louisiana amakonda kuvutika ndi ziwerengero zina - mwachitsanzo, ili pa 44 pa kukula kwa malonda a pachaka ndipo, monga tidziwira pansipa, ili ndi chiwerengero chotsika kwambiri cha malo opangira ndalama poyerekeza ndi mayiko ena. Chifukwa chake zitha kukhala zabwino kwambiri pamitengo ya eGallon, koma muyenera kuyembekeza kuti mukukhala pafupi ndi malo amodzi kapena mutha kulowa m'mavuto.

Louisiana ndi ena onse apamwamba 25 ndi ogwirizana kwambiri - kusiyana pakati pa 25 ndi 1 malo ndi masenti 25 okha. Pakadali pano, pansi 25, zotsatira zake zabalalika kwambiri…

Dziko lomwe lili ndi mitengo yapamwamba kwambiri yamafuta a EV ndi Hawaii, komwe mtengo wake ndi $2.91 pa galoni. Pafupifupi dola imodzi kuposa Alaska (yachiwiri kuchokera pansi pamndandandawu), Hawaii sikuwoneka kuti ili bwino kwambiri. Komabe, boma limapereka kuchotsera ndi kukhululukidwa kwa eni magalimoto amagetsi: Hawaiian Electric Company imapereka mitengo yanthawi yogwiritsira ntchito kwa makasitomala onse okhala ndi malonda, ndipo boma limapereka ufulu pamitengo ina yoyimitsa magalimoto komanso kugwiritsa ntchito kwaulere HOV. njira.

Mungakhalenso ndi chidwi ndi kusiyana kwa mtengo pakati pa magalimoto a petulo ndi magetsi ngati mukuganiza zosintha galimoto yanu. Pachifukwa ichi, dziko lapamwamba kwambiri ndi Washington, lomwe lili ndi kusiyana kwakukulu kwa $ 2.40, zomwe, monga momwe mungaganizire, zikanapulumutsa ndalama zambiri pakapita nthawi. Pamwamba pa mkangano waukuluwo (makamaka chifukwa chotsika mtengo wamafuta amagetsi m'bomalo), Washington imaperekanso ndalama zamisonkho ndi kubweza $500 kwa makasitomala omwe ali ndi ma charger oyenerera a Tier 2, zomwe zimapangitsa kukhala malo abwino kwa eni magalimoto amagetsi.

Nambala ya malo othamangitsira

Kupezeka kwamafuta nakonso ndikofunikira, ndichifukwa chake tidayika dziko lililonse ndi kuchuluka kwa malo othamangitsira anthu. Komabe, izi sizitengera chiwerengero cha anthu - dziko laling'ono likhoza kukhala ndi masiteshoni ocheperapo kusiyana ndi lalikulu, chifukwa kusowa kwawo kumakhala kochepa. Chifukwa chake tidatenga zotsatira izi ndikuzigawa malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa anthu m'boma, ndikuwulula kuchuluka kwa anthu ndi malo opangira ndalama zaboma.

Vermont idakhala pamalo oyamba mgululi ndi anthu 3,780 pa siteshoni yolipirira. Pakufufuza kwina kwa boma, idangoyika 42 pamitengo yamafuta, kotero si imodzi mwamayiko otsika mtengo kwambiri kukhalamo ngati muli ndi galimoto yamagetsi. Kumbali ina, Vermont idawonanso kukula kwakukulu kwa malonda a EV pakati pa 2016 ndi 2017, zomwe zikuyenera kupititsa patsogolo chitukuko chabwino cha maofesi a EV aboma. Choncho, zikhoza kukhalabe dziko labwino kutsatira chitukuko chake.

Boma lomwe lili ndi anthu ambiri pa siteshoni imodzi yochapira ndi Alaska, zomwe sizodabwitsa poganizira kuti m'boma lonse muli malo asanu ndi anayi okha ochapira! Udindo wa Alaska ukucheperachepera chifukwa, monga tanena kale, ili pamalo achiwiri potengera mtengo wamafuta. Idakhalanso pa 2nd pakugulitsa magalimoto amagetsi mchaka cha 4 ndi 2017 pakukula kwa malonda pakati pa 2nd ndi 2016. Mwachiwonekere, Alaska si dziko labwino kwambiri kwa eni magalimoto amagetsi.

Ziwerengero zotsatirazi zikuwonetsa gawo lililonse la msika wa EV (mwanjira ina, kuchuluka kwa magalimoto onse okwera omwe adagulitsidwa mu 2017 omwe anali ma EV). Mofanana ndi ziwerengero za malonda a EV, izi zimapereka chidziwitso ku mayiko omwe ma EV ndi otchuka kwambiri ndipo motero amatha kuika patsogolo chitukuko chokhudzana ndi EV.

Monga momwe mungayembekezere, California ili ndi gawo lalikulu kwambiri pamsika ndi 5.02%. Izi ndizowirikiza kawiri msika wa Washington (dziko lachiwiri lalikulu), zomwe zikuwonetsa momwe zimakhalira zochulukirapo poyerekeza ndi dziko lina lililonse. California imaperekanso zolimbikitsa zambiri, kuchotsera, ndi kuchotsera kwa eni magalimoto amagetsi, kotero sizinganene kuti ili lingakhale dziko labwino kwa eni magalimoto amagetsi. Mayiko ena omwe ali ndi gawo lalikulu la msika wa EV ndi Oregon (2%), Hawaii (2.36%) ndi Vermont (2.33%).

Dziko lomwe lili ndi gawo lotsika kwambiri pamsika wa EV ndi Mississippi lomwe lili ndi gawo lonse la 0.1%, zomwe sizodabwitsa kuti ma EV a 128 okha ndi omwe adagulitsidwa kumeneko mu 2017. Monga tawonera, boma limakhalanso ndi chiŵerengero chochepa cha malo opangira ndalama ku chiwerengero cha anthu komanso kukula kwa malonda pachaka. Ngakhale mtengo wamafuta ndi wotsika kwambiri, izi sizikuwoneka ngati zinthu zabwino kwa eni ake a EV.

Pomaliza

Chifukwa chake, popanda kudandaula kwina, nayi dongosolo lathu la mayiko abwino kwambiri kwa eni ake a EV. Ngati mukufuna kuwona njira zathu zopangira mavoti, mutha kutero pansi pa nkhaniyi.

Chodabwitsa n'chakuti California sinatuluke pamwamba-malo a malo oyamba anali Oklahoma! Ngakhale inali ndi gawo laling'ono kwambiri la msika wa EV m'maboma 1, idakwera kwambiri chifukwa chotsika mtengo wamafuta komanso kuchuluka kwa malo opangira ndalama potengera kuchuluka kwa anthu. Oklahoma idawonanso kukula kwake kwa malonda kuyambira 50 mpaka 2016, ndikumupatsa kupambana. Izi zikuwonetsa kuti Oklahoma ili ndi kuthekera kwakukulu ngati dziko loti eni magalimoto amagetsi azikhalamo. Kumbukirani kuti boma silikupereka phindu lililonse kapena zolimbikitsa kwa okhalamo kuti agule galimoto yamagetsi, ngakhale izi zitha kusintha pakapita nthawi.

California ili pamalo achiwiri. Ngakhale kuti ili ndi gawo lalikulu kwambiri pamsika wa EV komanso imodzi mwazinthu zolipiritsa kwambiri potengera kuchuluka kwa anthu, boma lavutika ndi mtengo wowonjezera mafuta komanso kukwera kotsika kwa malonda pachaka mu 2-2016.

Malo achitatu amapita ku Washington. Ngakhale kuti gawo lake la msika wa EV linali laling'ono ndipo kukula kwake kwa malonda kwa chaka ndi chaka sikunali kolimba, izi zinathetsedwa ndi gawo lalikulu la malo opangira ndalama malinga ndi chiwerengero cha anthu, komanso mtengo wotsika wamafuta. Ndipotu, ngati mutasinthira ku galimoto yamagetsi ku Washington, mudzasunga $ 3 pa galoni, yomwe ingafanane ndi $ 2.40 mpaka $ 28 pa thanki, malingana ndi kukula kwa galimotoyo. Tsopano tiyeni tiwone mayiko omwe sachita bwino kwambiri ...

Zotsatira kumbali ina ya masanjidwe sizodabwitsa kwenikweni. Alaska ili pomaliza ndi mfundo 5.01 zokha. Ngakhale kuti mtengo wamafuta a boma unali wapakati, udachita bwino kwambiri pazinthu zina zonse: unali pafupi kwambiri ndi gawo la msika wa EV komanso kukula kwa malonda a chaka ndi chaka, pomwe malo ake anali pansi pamiyeso. masiteshoni adasindikiza tsogolo lake.

Magulu otsala 25 osawuka kwambiri ali ogwirizana kwambiri. Ambiri aiwo ali m'gulu la mayiko otsika mtengo potengera mtengo wamafuta, kusanja kwambiri pankhaniyi. Kumene amakonda kugwa ndi msika (chokhachokha chenicheni ku lamulo ili ndi Hawaii).

Tidaganiza zongoyang'ana pazinthu zingapo zomwe zingakupatseni lingaliro la mayiko aku US omwe amakonda kwambiri magalimoto amagetsi, koma pali ena osawerengeka omwe angakhudze. Ndi mikhalidwe iti yomwe ingakhale yofunika kwambiri kwa inu?

Ngati mungafune kuwona zambiri za data yathu, komanso magwero awo, dinani apa.

njira

Titasanthula zonse zomwe tafotokozazi, tidafuna kupeza njira yolumikizira mfundo zathu za data wina ndi mnzake kuti titha kuyesa kupanga chigoli chomaliza ndikuzindikira kuti ndi boma liti lomwe linali labwino kwambiri kwa eni ake a EV. Chifukwa chake tidalinganiza chinthu chilichonse muphunziro pogwiritsa ntchito minimax normalization kuti tipeze mphambu pa 10 pa chinthu chilichonse. M'munsimu muli ndondomeko yeniyeni:

Zotsatira = (x-min(x))/(max(x)-min(x))

Kenako tinafotokoza mwachidule zotsatira kuti tifike pamlingo womaliza wa 40 kudera lililonse.