Vuto ndi chiyani?

Munkhani ya Audio ya 11/2019, ATC SCM7 idawonetsedwa pamayeso a okamba mashelufu asanu. Mtundu wolemekezeka kwambiri womwe umadziwika kwa okonda nyimbo, komanso makamaka kwa akatswiri, popeza ma studio ambiri ojambulira amakhala ndi okamba ake. Ndikoyenera kuyang'anitsitsa - koma nthawi ino sitingagwirizane ndi mbiri yake ndi malingaliro ake, koma pogwiritsa ntchito SCM7 monga chitsanzo, tidzakambirana za vuto lomwe ma audiophiles amakumana nalo.

Chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri zamachitidwe amayimbidwe ndi magwiridwe antchito. Ndi muyeso wa mphamvu zamagetsi - mlingo womwe chowulira mawu (electro-acoustic transducer) chimasinthira magetsi operekedwa (kuchokera pa amplifier) ​​kukhala mawu.

Kuchita bwino kumawonetsedwa pamlingo wa logarithmic decibel, pomwe kusiyana kwa 3 dB kumatanthauza kawiri mlingo (kapena zochepa), kusiyana kwa 6 dB kumatanthauza kanayi, ndi zina zotero. 3 dB idzasewera mokweza kawiri.

Ndikoyenera kuwonjezera kuti luso la olankhula apakati ndi ochepa peresenti - mphamvu zambiri zimasandulika kutentha, kotero kuti izi sizingokhala "zowonongeka" poyang'ana zoyankhulira, koma zimangowonjezera momwe ntchito yawo ikugwirira ntchito - pamene kutentha kwa coil chokweza mawu kumawonjezeka, kukana kwake kumawonjezeka, ndipo kutentha kwa maginito kumakhala kosayenera, zomwe zingayambitse kusokoneza kosasinthasintha. Komabe, kuchita bwino kwambiri sikufanana ndi kutsika - pali olankhula ambiri omwe ali ndi mphamvu zochepa komanso mawu abwino kwambiri.

Zovuta ndi zolemetsa zovuta

Chitsanzo chabwino kwambiri ndi mapangidwe a ATC, omwe mphamvu zake zochepa zimachokera ku mayankho apadera omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu otembenuza okha, ndipo amatumikira ... modabwitsa - kuchepetsa kupotoza. Ndi pafupi wotchedwa koyilo lalifupi mu mpata wautaliPoyerekeza ndi momwe (yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pamitundu yambiri yosinthira ma electrodynamic) ya koyilo yayitali pampata waufupi, imadziwika ndi kutsika kwachangu, koma kupotoza pang'ono (chifukwa cha kugwirira ntchito kwa koyilo mu yunifolomu ya maginito yomwe ili mu gawo laling'ono). kusiyana).

Kuphatikiza apo, makina oyendetsa amakonzedwa kuti azigwira ntchito mozungulira ndi zopindika zazikulu (chifukwa cha izi, kusiyana kuyenera kukhala kotalikirapo kuposa koyilo), ndipo pakadali pano, ngakhale maginito akuluakulu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ATK sapereka mphamvu zambiri (zambiri. za kusiyana, mosasamala kanthu za malo ozungulira, sikudzazidwa nawo).

Komabe, pakadali pano tili ndi chidwi kwambiri ndi zina. Timanena kuti SCM7, onse chifukwa cha miyeso yake (njira ziwiri zokhala ndi mzamba wa 15-centimita, ngati malita ochepera 10), ndipo ndi njira iyi yomwe imakhala yotsika kwambiri poyesa mu labotale ya Audio 79 dB yokha (ife timaganiziridwa ndi wopanga woteroyo, poyerekezera ndi zosagwirizana ndi zomwe zimapangika; ” m’mikhalidwe yofanana).

Monga tikudziwira kale, izi zidzakakamiza SCM7 kusewera ndi mphamvu zomwe zatchulidwa. modekha kwambiri kuposa nyumba zambiri, ngakhale kukula komweko. Kotero kuti iwo amveke mokweza mofanana, ayenera kuikidwa mphamvu zambiri.

Izi zimapangitsa ma audiophiles ambiri kutsimikiza kuti SCM7 (ndi mapangidwe a ATC onse) amafuna chokulitsa chomwe chilibe mphamvu zambiri monga momwe zimakhalira zovuta kudziwa magawo, omwe amatha "kuyendetsa", "kukoka", kuwongolera, "kuyendetsa", titero, "katundu wolemera" womwe ndi SCM7. Komabe, tanthauzo lokhazikika la "katundu wolemera" limatanthawuza gawo losiyana kwambiri (kuposa luso) - ndilo. kulephera (wolankhula).

Matanthauzo onse a "katundu wovuta" (wokhudzana ndi mphamvu kapena kusokoneza) amafunikira miyeso yosiyana kuti athetse vutoli, kotero kuwasakaniza kumabweretsa kusamvana kwakukulu osati pazongopeka chabe komanso pazifukwa zothandiza - ndendende posankha amplifier yoyenera.

Loudspeaker (chowuzira, chipilala, electro-acoustic transducer) ndi cholandirira mphamvu yamagetsi, yomwe iyenera kukhala ndi cholepheretsa (katundu) kuti isinthidwe kukhala phokoso kapena kutentha. Ndiye mphamvu idzatulutsidwa pa izo (monga momwe tikudziwira kale, mwatsoka, makamaka mwa mawonekedwe a kutentha) molingana ndi ndondomeko zoyambira zomwe zimadziwika kuchokera ku fizikiki.

Ma transistor amplifiers apamwamba kwambiri pamagawo omwe akulimbikitsidwa kuti azinyamula amakhala ngati magwero amagetsi a DC. Izi zikutanthauza kuti pamene kulemedwa kwa katundu kumachepa pamagetsi osasunthika, zowonjezereka zimayenda kudutsa ma terminals (mosiyana ndi kuchepa kwa impedance).

Ndipo popeza zomwe zilipo mu fomula yamagetsi ndi ya quadratic, ngakhale mphamvuyo ikachepa, mphamvu imachulukira mopanda malire pamene impedance ikucheperachepera. Ma amplifiers abwino ambiri amachita motere pazovuta zomwe zili pamwamba pa 4 ohms (kotero pa 4 ohms mphamvu imakhala pafupifupi kawiri kuposa 8 ohms), ena kuchokera ku 2 ohms, ndi amphamvu kwambiri kuchokera ku 1 ohm.

Koma amplifier wamba yokhala ndi cholepheretsa pansi pa 4 ohms imatha kukhala ndi "zovuta" - voteji yotulutsa idzatsika, yapano sidzayendanso mosiyanasiyana pamene kutsekeka kumachepa, ndipo mphamvuyo imawonjezeka pang'ono kapena kuchepa. Izi sizidzachitika kokha pa malo enaake a woyang'anira, komanso pofufuza mphamvu yaikulu (yodziwika) ya amplifier.

Kulepheretsa kwenikweni kwa zokuzira mawu sikumakanizidwa nthawi zonse, koma kuyankha pafupipafupi (ngakhale kuti kusokoneza kwadzina kumatsimikiziridwa ndi chikhalidwe ichi ndi minima yake), kotero ndizovuta kuwerengera molondola kuchuluka kwa zovuta - zimatengera kuyanjana ndi amplifier wopatsidwa.

Ma amplifiers ena sakonda ma angles akulu a impedance (omwe amalumikizidwa ndi kusinthika kwa impedance), makamaka akapezeka m'magulu okhala ndi modulus yotsika. Ichi ndi "katundu wolemera" m'lingaliro lachikale (komanso lolondola), ndipo kuti muthe kunyamula katundu wotere, muyenera kuyang'ana amplifier yoyenera yomwe imagonjetsedwa ndi zolepheretsa zochepa.

Zikatero, nthawi zina zimatchedwa "kuthekera kwamakono" chifukwa zimatengera zaposachedwa kwambiri (kuposa kutsika kwapang'onopang'ono) kuti mukwaniritse mphamvu yayikulu pakuchepetsa pang'ono. Komabe, palinso kusamvetsetsana apa kuti ena "alangizi a hardware" amalekanitsa mphamvu zonse ndi zamakono, akukhulupirira kuti amplifier akhoza kukhala otsika mphamvu, malinga ngati ali ndi nthano zamakono.

Komabe, ndi zokwanira kuyeza mphamvu pa otsika impedance kuonetsetsa kuti chirichonse chiri mu dongosolo - pambuyo pa zonse, tikukamba za mphamvu anatulutsa ndi wokamba nkhani, osati panopa akuyenda mwa wokamba yekha.

Ma ATX SCM7 ndi otsika kwambiri (chifukwa chake ndi "ovuta" kuchokera pamenepo) ndipo ali ndi vuto lodziwika bwino la 8 ohms (ndipo pazifukwa zofunika kwambiri izi ndi "zopepuka"). Komabe, ma audiophiles ambiri sangasiyanitse pakati pa milanduyi ndipo angaganize kuti izi ndi "zolemera" - chifukwa chakuti SCM7 idzasewera mwakachetechete.

Panthawi imodzimodziyo, iwo adzamveka phokoso kwambiri (pamalo ena a kuwongolera voliyumu) ​​kuposa okamba ena, osati chifukwa cha kuchepa kwachangu, komanso kusokoneza kwakukulu - oyankhula ambiri pamsika ndi 4-ohm. Ndipo monga tikudziwira kale, ndi katundu wa 4 ohm, zowonjezera zamakono zidzatuluka kuchokera ku amplifiers ambiri ndipo mphamvu zambiri zidzapangidwa.

Choncho, ndikofunika kusiyanitsa pakati pa kuchita bwino ndi kukoma mtima, komabe, kusakaniza magawowa ndiko kulakwitsa kofala kwa onse opanga ndi ogwiritsa ntchito. Kuchita bwino kumatanthauzidwa ngati kuthamanga kwa phokoso pamtunda wa 1 m kuchokera pa chowumbitsira mawu pamene mphamvu ya 1 W ikugwiritsidwa ntchito. Sensitivity - mukamagwiritsa ntchito voteji ya 2,83 V. Mosasamala kanthu

katundu impedance. Kodi tanthauzo “lachilendo” limeneli likuchokera kuti? 2,83 V ku 8 ohms ndi 1 W yokha; Chifukwa chake, pakulepheretsa kotereku, magwiridwe antchito komanso chidwi chake ndizofanana. Koma olankhula amakono ambiri ndi 4 ohms (ndipo popeza opanga nthawi zambiri amawawonetsa molakwika ngati 8 ohms, imeneyo ndi nkhani ina).

Mphamvu ya 2,83V ndiye imayambitsa 2W kuti iperekedwe, yomwe imakhala yowirikiza kawiri mphamvu, yomwe imawonetsedwa ndi kuwonjezeka kwa 3dB kwa mphamvu ya mawu. Kuti muyese mphamvu ya zokuzira mawu 4 ohm, mphamvu yamagetsi iyenera kuchepetsedwa kukhala 2V, koma ...

Ndendende chifukwa SCM7, monga zokweza zina za 8 ohm, ndi "zopepuka" zosokoneza, zikuwoneka kwa ogwiritsa ntchito ambiri - omwe amaweruza "zovuta" mwachidule, mwachitsanzo. kudzera mu prism ya voliyumu yomwe idalandilidwa pamalo enaake. regulator (ndi voteji yogwirizana nayo) ndi katundu "wovuta".

Ndipo amatha kumveka chete pazifukwa ziwiri zosiyana (kapena chifukwa cha kuphatikizika kwawo) - chokweza mawu chikhoza kukhala ndi mphamvu zochepa, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zochepa. Kuti timvetse mtundu wa zochitika zomwe tikukumana nazo, m'pofunika kudziwa magawo oyambirira, osati kungoyerekeza voliyumu yomwe imapezeka kuchokera kwa oyankhula awiri osiyana omwe amagwirizanitsidwa ndi amplifier omwe ali ndi malo omwewo.

Zomwe amplifier amawona

Wogwiritsa ntchito SCM7 amamva zokuzira mawu akusewera mofewa komanso momveka bwino amamvetsetsa kuti amplifier iyenera kukhala "yotopa". Pankhaniyi, amplifier "amawona" kokha kuyankha kwa impedance - mu nkhani iyi yokwera, choncho "kuwala" - ndipo satopa, ndipo alibe vuto ndi chakuti chokweza mawu chasintha mphamvu zambiri kutentha, osati phokoso. Iyi ndi nkhani "pakati pa choyimbira ndi ife"; amplifier "sikudziwa" kalikonse za zomwe tikuwona - kaya ndi chete kapena mokweza.

Tiyerekeze kuti tikulumikiza chopinga champhamvu kwambiri cha 8-ohm ku amplifiers ndi mphamvu ya ma watts angapo, makumi angapo, mazana angapo ... kukana koteroko, “opanda lingaliro la mmene mphamvu yonseyo yasandulika kutentha, osati phokoso.

Kusiyanitsa pakati pa mphamvu yomwe wotsutsa angatenge ndi mphamvu yomwe amplifier angapereke ndi yopanda ntchito kwa omaliza, monga momwe mphamvu yotsutsa imakhala iwiri, khumi, kapena zana limodzi. Iye akhoza kutenga zochuluka kwambiri, koma iye sakuyenera kutero.

Kodi iliyonse mwa ma amps awa idzakhala ndi vuto "kuyendetsa" chotsutsa chimenecho? Ndipo kutsegula kwake kumatanthauza chiyani? Kodi mukupereka mphamvu zochulukirapo zomwe zingakoke? Kodi kuwongolera zokuzira mawu kumatanthauza chiyani? Kodi zimangotulutsa mphamvu zambiri kapena mtengo wotsika pamwamba pomwe wokamba nkhani akuyamba kumveka bwino? Kodi izi zingakhale mphamvu zotani?

Ngati mumaganizira za "khomo" pamwamba pomwe chowuzira chokweza chimamveka ngati mzere (mu mphamvu, osati kuyankha pafupipafupi), ndiye kuti zikhalidwe zotsika kwambiri, pa dongosolo la 1 W, zimalowa, ngakhale pazifukwa zosagwira ntchito. . Ndikoyenera kudziwa kuti kupotoza kopanda mzere komwe kumayambitsidwa ndi chowulira chokweza palokha kumawonjezeka (monga peresenti) ndi mphamvu yowonjezera kuchokera kuzinthu zochepa, kotero kuti "kuyera" kwambiri kumawoneka pamene tikusewera mwakachetechete.

Komabe, pankhani yokwaniritsa voliyumu ndi mphamvu zomwe zimatipatsa mlingo woyenera wa kutengeka kwa nyimbo, funsoli limakhala lokhalokha, malingana ndi zokonda zaumwini, koma ngakhale kwa omvera ena ndizosamveka.

Zimatengera mtunda wolekanitsa ndi okamba - pambuyo pake, kukakamiza kwa mawu kumatsika molingana ndi lalikulu la mtunda. Tidzafunika mphamvu zosiyana kuti "tiyendetse" okamba pa 1 m, ndi wina (kakhumi ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi) pa 4 m, momwe tingakondere.

funso nlakuti, ndi amp ati "adzachita"? Malangizo ovuta ... Aliyense akuyembekezera malangizo osavuta: gulani amplifier, koma musagule ichi, chifukwa "simungapambane" ...

Pogwiritsa ntchito chitsanzo cha SCM7, tinganene mwachidule motere: safunikira kulandira ma watts 100 kuti azisewera mokongola komanso mwakachetechete. Ayenera kuwapangitsa kuti azisewera bwino komanso mokweza. Komabe, iwo sangavomereze ma watts oposa 100, chifukwa ali ndi malire ndi mphamvu zawo. Wopanga amapereka mphamvu zovomerezeka za amplifier (mwinamwake mwadzina, osati mphamvu zomwe ziyenera kuperekedwa "nthawi zonse") mkati mwa 75-300 watts.

Komabe, zikuwoneka kuti 15cm yapakati-woofer, ngakhale imodzi yokwera kwambiri monga yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pano, sichingavomereze ma Watts 300 ... Masiku ano, opanga nthawi zambiri amapereka malire apamwamba kwambiri pamagulu amphamvu amagetsi ogwirizana, omwe alinso ndi zifukwa zosiyana - amalingalira mphamvu zokulirakulira, koma sizikukakamiza ...

Kodi magetsi angakhale nanu?

Itha kuganiziridwanso kuti amplifier iyenera kukhala nayo nkhokwe yamagetsi (zogwirizana ndi mphamvu ya zokuzira mawu) kuti musadzalemedwe muzochitika zilizonse (ndi chiopsezo chowononga chowulira mawu). Izi, komabe, sizikugwirizana ndi "zovuta" zogwira ntchito ndi wokamba nkhani.

Palibe zomveka kusiyanitsa pakati pa zokuzira mawu zomwe "zimafuna" kuchuluka kwa mutuwu kuchokera ku amplifier ndi omwe sakufuna. Zikuwoneka kwa ena kuti mutu wa amplifier umamveka mwanjira ina ndi wokamba nkhani, wokamba nkhani amabwezera mutu uwu, ndipo amplifier ndi yosavuta kugwira ntchito ndi ...

Palinso vuto la otchedwa damping factorzimatengera kulephera kwa amplifier. Koma zambiri pa izi m'magazini yotsatira.