Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa kulemera kwa sprung ndi kulemera kwa unsprung?

Okonda magalimoto, makamaka omwe amathamanga, nthawi zina amalankhula za "sprung" ndi "unsprung" kulemera (kapena kulemera). Kodi mawuwa amatanthauza chiyani?

Kasupe ndi gawo loyimitsidwa lomwe limagwira galimoto ndikuyiteteza, okwera ndi katundu ku zovuta. Galimoto yopanda akasupe sangakhale yabwino kwambiri ndipo posakhalitsa imatha kugwedezeka ndikugwedezeka. Ngolo zokokedwa ndi akavalo zakhala zikugwiritsa ntchito akasupe kwa zaka mazana ambiri, ndipo kale kwambiri ngati Ford Model T, akasupe achitsulo ankaonedwa kuti ndi oyenera. Masiku ano, magalimoto onse ndi magalimoto amathamanga pa akasupe a masamba.

Koma tikamanena kuti galimoto “imayenda” masika, sitikutanthauza galimoto yonse. Gawo la galimoto iliyonse kapena galimoto yothandizidwa ndi akasupe ndi kuchuluka kwake, ndipo chotsaliracho ndi misala yake yosasunthika.

Kusiyana pakati pa sprung ndi unsprung

Kuti mumvetse kusiyana kwake, lingalirani galimoto ikupita kutsogolo mpaka limodzi la mawilo ake akutsogolo litagunda bampu yaikulu yokwanira kuti gudumulo lisunthire mmwamba molunjika ku thupi la galimotoyo. Koma pamene gudumu likuyenda mmwamba, thupi la galimoto silingasunthe kwambiri kapena osasuntha konse chifukwa chakuti liri lolekanitsidwa ndi gudumu lopita mmwamba ndi kasupe mmodzi kapena angapo; akasupe amatha kupanikizana, kulola thupi lagalimoto kukhala pamalo pomwe gudumu likuyenda mmwamba ndi pansi pansi pake. Pano pali kusiyana kwake: thupi la galimoto ndi chirichonse chomwe chimamangirizidwa mwamphamvu ndi icho chimatuluka, ndiko kuti, cholekanitsidwa ndi mawilo ndi akasupe oponderezedwa; matayala, mawilo, ndi chirichonse cholumikizidwa mwachindunji kwa izo sizimatuluka, kutanthauza kuti akasupe samawalepheretsa kuyenda pamene galimoto ikukwera kapena kutsika pamsewu.

Pafupifupi galimoto yonse yamtundu uliwonse imakhala yochuluka kwambiri chifukwa pafupifupi mbali zonse zake zimamangiriridwa ku thupi. Kuphatikiza pa thupi lokha, lomwe limaphatikizapo zigawo zina zonse zomangira kapena chimango, injini ndi kufala, mkati ndi, ndithudi, okwera ndi katundu.

Nanga bwanji kulemera kosalekeza? Zotsatirazi sizikukwaniritsidwa:

• Matawi

• Magudumu

• Mapiritsi a magudumu ndi ma hubs (mbali zomwe mawilo amazungulira)

• Mabuleki (magalimoto ambiri)

• Pamagalimoto okhala ndi mayendedwe opitilira, omwe nthawi zina amatchedwa axle axle, msonkhano wa axle (kuphatikiza kusiyanitsa) umayenda ndi mawilo akumbuyo ndipo chifukwa chake sichimatuluka.

Si mndandanda wautali, makamaka kwa magalimoto omwe ali ndi kuyimitsidwa kodziimira kumbuyo (ie osati chitsulo cholimba) kulemera kosasunthika ndi gawo laling'ono chabe la kulemera kwake.

Zigawo za semi-sprung

Pali vuto limodzi: kulemera kwina kumatuluka pang'onopang'ono ndipo pang'ono kutsika. Taganizirani, mwachitsanzo, tsinde lomwe limamangiriridwa kumapeto kwa kufalitsa, ndipo pamapeto ena ku gudumu ("shaft shaft"); pamene gudumu likuyenda mmwamba ndipo mlandu ndi kufalitsa sizitero, mapeto amodzi a shaft amasuntha ndipo ena satero, kotero kuti pakati pa shaft imayenda, koma osati mofanana ndi gudumu. Mbali zomwe zimafunikira kuyenda ndi gudumu koma osafika patali zimatchedwa partally sprung, semi-sprung kapena hybrid. Mitundu yodziwika bwino ya semi-sprung ndi:

• Masimpe omwe
• Shock absorbers ndi struts
• Kuwongolera mikono ndi mbali zina zoyimitsidwa
• Miyendo ya theka ndi mikwingwirima ya cardan
• Mbali zina za chiwongolero, monga chiwongolero

N’chifukwa chiyani zonsezi zili zofunika? Ngati misa yambiri ya galimotoyo isanatuluke, zimakhala zovuta kusunga matayala pamsewu pamene akuyendetsa mabampu chifukwa akasupe amayenera kuyesetsa kuti asunthe. Choncho, nthawi zonse zimakhala zofunidwa kukhala ndi chiŵerengero chapamwamba cha sprung to unsprung mass ratio, ndipo izi ndizofunikira makamaka kwa magalimoto omwe amayenera kuyendetsa bwino pa liwiro lalikulu. Chifukwa chake magulu othamanga amachepetsa kulemera kosalekeza, mwachitsanzo pogwiritsa ntchito mawilo opepuka koma opyapyala a aloyi a magnesium, ndipo mainjiniya amayesa kupanga kuyimitsidwa ndi kulemera kotsika kwambiri kosatha. Ichi ndichifukwa chake magalimoto ena, monga 1961-75 Jaguar E, adagwiritsa ntchito mabuleki osati pa gudumu, koma mkati mwa kumapeto kwa tsinde: zonsezi zimachitidwa kuti achepetse kulemera kwake.

Zindikirani kuti unyinji wosasunthika kapena misa nthawi zina umasokonezedwa ndi kuchuluka kozungulira chifukwa mbali zina (matayala, mawilo, ma brake discs ambiri) zimagwera m'magulu onse awiri komanso chifukwa okwera amafuna kuchepetsa onse awiri. Koma sizili zofanana. Unyinji wozungulira ndi momwe ukuwonekera, zonse zomwe zimafunika kuzungulira pamene galimoto ikupita patsogolo, mwachitsanzo chiwongolero chowongolera sichikugwedezeka koma sichimazungulira, ndipo shaft ya axle imazungulira koma imakhala yosasunthika pang'ono. Kulemera kwapang'ono kosasunthika kumathandizira kasamalidwe komanso nthawi zina kukokera, pomwe kuchepetsa kulemera kozungulira kumathandizira kuthamanga.