Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa dizilo ndi magalimoto amafuta?

Masiku ano, kodi mkangano wokhudza injini za dizilo ndi petulo umachitika bwanji?

Kalelo m'masiku omwe ndevu zimatanthawuza kuti ndinu mtundu wa munthu yemwe amakonda kuyanjana ndi chilengedwe pochiphwanya mu SUV yolemera kwambiri, moyo unali wosavuta ndipo tonse tinkadziwa ngati tikufuna dizilo, blunderbuss wosuta kapena gasi. -makina osokonekera omwe amamveka kunyumba m'misewu yosalala kapena m'mizinda.

Masiku ano, ndevu zikangotanthauza kuti mumakhala ku Melbourne ndikuganiza kuti thalauza lanu liyenera kupakidwa utoto, zinthu sizikumveka bwino.

Magalimoto a petulo akadali otsogola, ntchito zabwino zomwe zimadya pang'ono koma zimasangalatsa kutero, ndipo mutha kupezabe dizilo 4WD kuti ikudutseni kumbuyo kwa Bourque, koma mupezanso ma dizilo ambiri. m'magalimoto a mumzinda, kuchokera ku Volkswagen Polos, kudutsa Mazda 6 ndi njira yonse yopita ku mabwato apamwamba a BMW 7 Series. Ndipo mupeza magalimoto amasewera atayimitsidwa pa tanki ya dizilo yakwanuko, yomwe tsopano ili pakati pa malo opangira mafuta m'malo mopita mbali yomwe magalimoto amadzaza.

Dizilo wasintha; inapita kofala ndi kutambasula mapiko ake amafuta kumakona ambiri a msika wamagalimoto.

Mutha kupeza Porsche yoyendetsedwa ndi dizilo, chifukwa cha Mulungu, ngakhale, mwamakhalidwe, osati pansi pa 911, Cayman, kapena Boxster.

Dizilo wasintha; Zakhala zofala kwambiri ndipo zatambasula mapiko ake ang'onoang'ono m'makona ambiri amsika wamagalimoto, zomwe zimapereka mafuta abwino (pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu) komanso nthawi yayitali pakati pa kudzaza, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zoperekazo zikhale zokopa kwambiri.

Tili kutali ndi mlingo wa ku Ulaya wa dizilo, kumene kwa mitundu ina dizilo ndi injini yaikulu mumagulu awo (pakali pano, koma kusintha kwa malamulo m'mayiko ena kudzasintha posachedwa), koma kuvomereza kwake kwakula kwambiri. Chiwerengero cha dizilo m'misewu yathu chakwera kwambiri pazaka zisanu zapitazi. Ku UK, komabe, malonda a dizilo atsika posachedwapa ndi pafupifupi 40 peresenti pamene kuletsedwa kwa injini zamtundu wotere m'dzikolo kukuwonjezereka.

Ndiye, m'masiku ano, kodi mkangano wa dizilo ndi petrol umakhala bwanji?

Mafuta kapena dizilo? Motsogozedwa ndi kusiyana kwawo

Zonse zomwe, monga dalaivala, muyenera kudziwa ndikuti magalimoto a dizilo ndi petulo amapereka mphamvu zawo kapena kung'ung'udza mosiyana. 

Ma injini a petulo ndi okhudza ma rev, ndipo amakonda kufika pachimake mphamvu - kapena mphindi zoseketsa - pamayendedwe ochulukirapo. Amapereka chisangalalo cha mphepo mmwamba; pamene ma rev akukwera ndipo mumasintha magiya, liwiro limawonjezeka. Izi zimawapangitsa kukhala okongola komanso osangalatsa, makamaka m'malingaliro.

Ma injini a dizilo amatulutsa kulira kwawo - mu mawonekedwe a torque (kapena torque, monga momwe nthawi zina amatchedwa, kufotokoza momveka bwino; ndi mtundu wa mphamvu zomwe zimatha kukwezera phiri lalitali, ngakhale kulemera kwake) - pansi kwambiri. rpm pa.

Dizilo ndiabwino poyenda, makamaka mumsewu waukulu, chifukwa mphamvu zodutsa nthawi zonse zimakhala pamalopo, nthawi zambiri popanda kutsika.

Kusiyanasiyana kwake ndi kwakukulu komanso kowonekera: injini ya dizilo imatulutsa mphamvu zambiri kuwirikiza katatu pamlingo wapamwamba kwambiri. Chifukwa chake kuyambira 1500 rpm mpaka 3000 rpm mumapeza mphamvu pompopompo. Komabe, ali ngati kavalo wokokera galimoto kuposa kavalo wothamanga, chifukwa ngati muwakankhira kumalo okwera kwambiri, kulirako kumachepa.

Izi zikutanthauza kuti ma dizilo ndi abwino kuyenda panyanja, makamaka mumsewu waukulu, chifukwa mphamvu zodutsa nthawi zonse zimakhala pamalopo, nthawi zambiri popanda kutsika. Amakhalanso abwino kukoka zinthu.

M'makona olimba pamsewu wamphepo kapena pamsewu wothamanga, amapereka zochitika zosiyana kwambiri ndi galimoto ya petroli, koma amatha kukhala osangalatsa komanso opikisana, monga kupambana kwa Audi mu 24 Hours ya Le Mans ya dizilo. injini zimatsimikizira.

Chimodzi mwazopambana izi, ndithudi, zimachokera ku luso la galimoto ya dizilo kupita patsogolo pa thanki imodzi yamafuta, koma zambiri pambuyo pake.

Gawo la sayansi ndi mafuta chifukwa chake dizilo ndi losiyana ndi kuyaka; pomwe mafuta amasakanikirana ndi mpweya. Mu injini ya dizilo, madzi amaperekedwa kuchipinda choyaka moto mopanikizika, ndipo kuyaka kumachitika nthawi yomweyo.

Ma injini a dizilo safunanso ma spark plugs ngati ma injini a petulo. Amasakaniza mpweya ndi mafuta kunja kwa chipinda choyaka moto padoko lolowera.

Ubwino wina wa dizilo ndikuti ili ndi chiŵerengero chapamwamba kwambiri cha kuponderezana kuposa mafuta osatulutsidwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zogwira mtima.

Mkangano wazachuma

Chimodzi mwazinthu zazikulu zofananira injini ya dizilo ndi injini yamafuta ndikugwiritsa ntchito mafuta. Dizilo ndiabwinoko pankhaniyi, 30 kapena 40 peresenti yabwinoko, ngakhale injini zamakono zojambulira mwachindunji zikuyenda bwino.

Izi sizimangokupulumutsirani ndalama (ngakhale mtengo wokwera pang'ono wa dizilo uyenera kuganiziridwa), komanso zimakupulumutsirani nthawi chifukwa mumapeza zambiri kuchokera ku thanki - kuposa 1000 km m'magalimoto ena - ndipo izi zikutanthauza kuti magalimoto amachepa. maulendo. station station.

Dizilo zakhala zikuyenda bwino kwambiri komanso zosawononga ndalama zambiri m'zaka khumi zapitazi, chifukwa chowonjezera majekeseni amagetsi apamwamba kwambiri komanso masitima apamtunda wamba kuti awonetsetse kuti dizilo imaperekedwa molondola komanso mwaye woyipa pang'ono.

Dizilo ndi okwera mtengo kuposa magalimoto oyendera petulo, ndipo mfundo imeneyi iyenera kuganiziridwa potengera ndalama zomwe mumasunga pamitengo yanu yamafuta.

Kusintha kumeneku kunapangitsanso kuti ma dizilo azimveka mochepera ngati mathirakitala akale a asthmatic komanso ngati magalimoto, ngakhale simungawatchule kuti ndi mawu osangalatsa a injini. Magalimoto amakono amayang'ana kwambiri kubisa phokoso la dizilo ku kanyumba, ndipo amachita ntchito yabwino kwambiri.

Magalimoto apamwamba a dizilo, komabe, ndiwofala ngati mphindi zodzichepetsa za Donald Trump.

Chinthu chinanso cha zachuma, ndithudi, ndi chakuti magalimoto a dizilo ndi okwera mtengo kuposa magalimoto a petulo, ndipo mfundoyi iyenera kuganiziridwa pokhudzana ndi ndalama zomwe mumasunga pamtengo wamafuta.

Zochuluka bwanji zimatha kusiyanasiyana, koma 10-15 peresenti ndi nambala yololera.

Makampani agalimoto adzanena kuti ndichifukwa choti sapanga zambiri, ndiye kuti amayenera kulipiritsa zambiri, kapena ndichifukwa choti injini zawo zili ndi zida zolemetsa kapena zovuta kwambiri, zomwe zimawononga ndalama zambiri. (Kuvuta uku kungatanthauzenso mtengo wokwera wokonza komanso moyo wamfupi wa injini.)

Kunena zowona, mikangano yonseyi ndi yomveka, ndipo m'misika ina mutha kupeza njira yosiyana yamitengo.

Kuonjezerapo tsopano kumatanthauzanso kuti mumapeza pang'ono pogulitsa galimotoyo, chifukwa tikayang'ana mtengo wogulitsa magalimoto a petulo ndi dizilo, msika wa ku Australia umapereka chithunzi chakuti dizilo ndi ofunika kwambiri.

Anthu amakonda kuchita masamu powerengera kuchuluka kwa mailosi omwe muyenera kuyendetsa musanabweze ndalama zochulukirapo zomwe mudagwiritsa ntchito pazachuma chamafuta, koma mwina sichingakhale chosankha pambuyo pake. .

Tiyerekeze kuti mwasankha Mazda6 kapena Hyundai i30 chifukwa ndiabwino pa moyo wanu, mumakonda masitayilo awo ndipo amakwanira mu bajeti yanu. Zowonjezera 10 peresenti zimatha kulipira pakapita nthawi ngati simuyendetsa mtunda wautali, koma pamapeto pake ndi bwino kukwera onse ndikusankha yomwe mumakonda.

Pokhapokha ngati mumadana kwambiri ndi malo operekera chithandizo, ndiye kuti mutenga dizilo nthawi zonse.

Mafuta kapena dizilo? Ndi chinthu chaumwini

Pamapeto pake, ndizosatheka kunena zomwe zili bwino, petroli kapena dizilo, chifukwa zimatengera vuto kapena galimoto kupita ku galimoto, komanso zimadalira zomwe mumakonda.

Anthu ena sangathe kuyimilira zomwe injini za dizilo zimapangidwira, makamaka zodzaza, kotero kuti sangagule. Ngakhale mitundu yabwino kwambiri ku Europe, makamaka yokwera kwambiri, tsopano ikupanga injini za dizilo zomwe zimakhala chete kotero kuti sungadziwe bwino injini yomwe mukuyendetsa popanda kugudubuza mazenera.

Ngati mumakoka boti nthawi zonse kapena nyumba yamoto, izi sizovuta chifukwa dizilo imagwira ntchito bwino komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta ochepa.

Dizilonso amakonda kunjenjemera komanso kutsokomola kwambiri mukamagwiritsa ntchito poyambira / kuyimitsa, zomwe zimatha kukwiyitsa, koma apanso, makampani amagalimoto akuyamba kuthana ndi nkhaniyi. Ngakhale Peugeot tsopano ikupanga pafupifupi injini za dizilo zopanda cholakwika.

Zina mwa izo ndi zomwe mukufuna kuchita ndi galimoto yanu. Ngati mumakoka boti nthawi zonse kapena nyumba yamoto, izi sizovuta chifukwa dizilo imagwira ntchito bwino komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta ochepa.

Ngati mukufuna galimoto yamasewera ndi chisangalalo cha injini yothamanga kwambiri, mumafunikira mafuta. Ndicho chifukwa chake, monga momwe ma diesel a Mazda alili abwino, samawayika mu roadster ya MX-5. Izo sizimamveka kapena kumveka bwino.

Komabe, m'galimoto yaing'ono ngati i30 kapena galimoto yapakatikati ngati Mazda6, dizilo imamva bwino kuyendetsa. Makokedwe otsika awa ndiwothandiza kwambiri pamainjini ang'onoang'ono ndipo ndi omasuka komanso osangalatsa pantchito zatsiku ndi tsiku. Onjezani ziwerengero zosungirako ndipo zimatsimikizira mtengo wowonjezera.

Zotulutsa zomwe mukufuna

Chinthu chimodzi chomwe muyenera kuganizira, ndithudi, ndi mpweya wa dizilo, zomwe zaposachedwa zaposachedwa za Volkswagen zatiwonetsa kuti ndizovuta kwambiri.

Mizinda ina, monga London ndi Paris, komwe meya wanena kuti akufuna kuti magalimoto onse a dizilo achoke m'misewu pofika chaka cha 2020, tsopano akukhazikitsa malamulo oletsa magalimoto onse a dizilo chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa nitrogen dioxide yomwe amatulutsa.

(Mbali zina za London zaletsa magalimoto onse a petulo ndi dizilo kuyambira kumapeto kwa chaka chino kuti apititse patsogolo mpweya wabwino, ndiye kuti sizowotcha mafuta okha.)

Bungwe la World Health Organization linanena kuti nitrogen dioxide imapha anthu oposa 22,000 ku Ulaya chaka chilichonse.

Kuwonetsedwa kwa nitrogen dioxide kungayambitse matenda a m'mapapo ndi amtima, komanso mphumu, chifuwa chachikulu, ndi matenda ena opangidwa ndi mpweya. Zimagwirizananso ndi matenda a imfa ya mwadzidzidzi, kupititsa padera, ndi zilema zobadwa.

Bungwe la World Health Organization likuyerekeza kuti nitrogen dioxide imayambitsa kufa kwa anthu oposa 22,000 chaka chilichonse ku Ulaya, kumene pafupifupi theka la magalimoto onse ndi dizilo (koma chiwerengerochi chikuchepa, ndipo ku UK chatsika mpaka 32 peresenti ndipo chikupitirirabe).

Pakali pano anthu aku Australia amawotcha pafupifupi malita mabiliyoni atatu a dizilo pachaka m’magalimoto okha, ndipo malita ena 9.5 biliyoni amagwiritsidwa ntchito m’magalimoto amalonda, ndipo akuti pafupifupi 80 peresenti ya kuipitsidwa kwa nitrogen dioxide m’mizinda yathu imachokera m’galimoto, magalimoto, mabasi ndi mabasi. . njinga.

Chosangalatsa n’chakuti, mpweya wa ku Australia uli m’gulu la mpweya waukhondo kwambiri m’mayiko otukuka, komabe kuwonongeka kwa mpweya kumapha anthu a ku Australia oposa 3000 pachaka, ochuluka kuŵirikiza katatu kuposa angozi za galimoto.

Komabe, ndikofunikira kukumbukira kuti Australia ikhoza tsiku lina, ndipo izi zitha kuchitika zaka makumi angapo, kutsatira maiko owunikiridwa kwambiri komanso oipitsidwa kwambiri monga Europe, kuyambitsa mtundu wina woletsa mafuta a dizilo. 

Kodi mumakonda magalimoto adizilo kapena petulo? Tiuzeni zomwe mukuganiza mu ndemanga pansipa.