Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa injini ya dizilo ndi injini ya mafuta?

Aliyense amadziwa kuti injini ya dizilo imakhala ndi kumverera kosiyana ndi injini yamafuta. Komabe, zingakhale zosangalatsa kuyang'anitsitsa makhalidwe omwe amasiyanitsa mitundu iwiri ya injini.

Kuyambika kwinanso koyatsira?

Mafuta a dizilo amayaka modzidzimutsa, omwe amapewa kuyatsa koyendetsedwa ndi ma spark plugs. Ndipo ndi chifukwa cha mfundo imeneyi kuti injini ya dizilo imayaka mosavuta kuposa injini ya petulo ... Pa kuyaka, mafuta amatha kuyatsa mu masilinda pamene akuyamwa (mwachitsanzo, ndi turbocharger kapena mpweya).

Koma kuti mubwererenso kuyaka kwamwadzidzidzi, muyenera kudziwa kuti mukamapanikiza mpweya kwambiri, umatenthetsanso kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, ili ndiye gawo la mafuta a dizilo: mpweya womwe ukubwera umapanikizidwa mokwanira kuti mafuta a dizilo mwachilengedwe ayatsa kukhudzana. Ichi ndichifukwa chake dizilo ili ndi chiŵerengero chapamwamba kwambiri (zimatengera kukakamizidwa kwambiri kuti mpweya uwotche).

Ndiponso, mu injini ya mafuta, mpweya / mafuta osakaniza nthawi zambiri amakhala ofanana (ofanana kugawa / osakanikirana mchipindamo) chifukwa mafuta nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito jakisoni wosalunjika (kotero sizili choncho kwenikweni chifukwa cha injini yopangira mafuta. jekeseni wachindunji. nayenso). Chifukwa chake, zindikirani kuti mafuta amakono amangogwira ntchito ndi jekeseni wachindunji, chifukwa chake kusiyana kumeneku kumachepetsedwa.

Nthawi yobaya

Pamene injini ya petulo imabaya mafuta panthawi yomwe mpweya umalowa (pistoni ikatsitsidwa ku PMB ndi valavu yotsegula) ngati jekeseni mwachindunji (mafuta osalunjika amaperekedwa nthawi imodzi ndi mpweya), dizilo imadikirira kuti pisitoni ikhale anasonkhanitsanso mu gawo la kuponderezana kwa jekeseni wamafuta.

Kuponderezana?

Kuphatikizika kwa injini ya dizilo ndikokwera kwambiri (kawiri kapena katatu kuposa dizilo), chifukwa chake imakhala yabwino komanso yotsika kwambiri (ichi sichifukwa chokhacho chochepetsera kumwa). M'malo mwake, kuchuluka kwa mpweya woponderezedwa kudzakhala kochepa (kotero kupsinjika kwambiri pisitoni ikakhala pamwamba pakufa) pa injini ya dizilo kuposa pa injini ya petulo, chifukwa ndi kupanikizana kumeneku komwe kuyenera kupereka kutentha kokwanira kuyatsa dizilo. Ichi ndi cholinga chachikulu cha psinjika iyi yowonjezereka, koma osati ... Ndipotu, timaonetsetsa kuti kutentha koyenera kuyatsa mafuta a dizilo kumapitirira kwambiri kuti apititse patsogolo kuyaka ndi kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono: tinthu tating'onoting'ono. Kumbali inayi, imawonjezera NOx (yomwe imachokera ku kuyaka kotentha). Pachifukwa ichi, mphamvu imagwiritsidwa ntchito, yomwe imalola kuti mpweya uperekedwe ku injini ndipo motero umawonjezera kuponderezedwa (ndipo kutentha).

Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwake kokulira, dizilo ili ndi makokedwe ambiri pama revs apansi.

Ngakhale injini za petulo zimakhala ndi chiŵerengero cha 6 mpaka 11: 1 (6-7 kwa injini zakale ndi 9-11 za injini zatsopano za jekeseni), ma dizilo ali ndi chiwerengero cha 20 mpaka 25: 1 (akale anali ndi pafupifupi 25 , pamene zaposachedwa zimakhala zochepa.20: Chifukwa chake ndi chifukwa cha democratization ya turbocharging, yomwe imakulolani kuti mutenge kupanikizika kwapamwamba popanda kufunikira kwa injini yapamwamba ya injini. timachepetsa chiwerengero cha kuponderezedwa pang'ono, koma timalipira powonjezera kupanikizika m'zipinda: chifukwa cha mpweya ndi mafuta).

Kutentha kwambiri

Mtengo woyaka mafuta wamafuta ndiwokwera chifukwa cha kuyatsa kwake kolamulidwa (ma coil / plugs omwe amalola ma sparks), mwina chifukwa cha izi (ndikutanthauza mwina chifukwa zinthu zina zimakhudzidwa) kuti kuthamanga kwambiri kumalolera bwino mafuta osatulutsidwa ... injini. Chifukwa chake, ma dizilo sangatenthe mafuta pamwamba pa tachometer (kuchuluka kwa pisitoni ndikokwera kuposa kuyaka), komwe kumatha kuyambitsa utsi wakuda kuti uwonekere (kutsika kwa kuchuluka kwa injini, kukwera). (pamene mumakonda utsi uwu). Zitha kuwonekeranso pomwe chisakanizocho chili ndi mafuta ambiri, mafuta ochulukirapo poyerekeza ndi oxidizer, chifukwa chake utsi waukulu pamakina osinthidwa, omwe jekeseni wawo umakhala wowolowa manja poyenda kwamafuta. (copyright fiches-auto.fr)

Kodi injini ya dizilo ikutentha pang'ono?

Zowona kuti ndizovuta kwambiri kuti injini ya dizilo ifike pamatenthedwe chifukwa cha zinthu zingapo, kuphatikiza zomwe ndidanena koyambirira: kufalitsa dizilo m'chipinda choyaka moto. Chifukwa chosalumikizana kwambiri ndi khoma lamiyala, kutentha sikumasunthika mosavuta kuzitsulo zozungulira (pali mpweya pakati pa khoma lamiyala ndi malo oyaka).

Kuphatikiza apo makamaka, makulidwe akulu amiyala yamphamvu amachepetsa kufalikira kwa kutentha kudzera pamenepo. Zinthu zambiri zikawotcha, zimatenga nthawi yayitali ...

Pomaliza, kuthamanga kwa injini yocheperako kumatanthawuza kuti padzakhala "kuphulika" kochepa ndipo chifukwa chake kutentha kumachepa pa nthawi yomweyo.

Kulemera / kapangidwe?

Dizilo ndi lolemera chifukwa limayenera kukhala lolimba kwambiri ndi kukanikizidwa kolimba kwa silinda. Choncho, zipangizo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito zimakhala zokhazikika (chitsulo choponyedwa, etc.), ndipo magawowa ndi odalirika. Choncho, magalimoto oyendetsa dizilo ndi olemera kwambiri, choncho amakonda kukhala ocheperapo pogawira kulemera kwa kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo. Zotsatira zake, mafuta amafuta amatha kuchita zinthu mwachangu komanso moyenera.

Koma pankhani yodalirika, dizilo amapambana, chifukwa chipikacho chimakhala chokhazikika.

Kuthamanga kwa injini zosiyanasiyana

Liwiro lozungulira la dizilo ndilofunika kwambiri poyerekeza ndi mafuta amtundu wofanana (kuchuluka kwa ma cylinders). Zifukwa izi ndi chifukwa kulimbikitsa zipangizo pa dizilo (zolumikizira ndodo, crankshaft, etc.), zomwe zimapangitsa inertia kwambiri mu injini (zovuta kwambiri kuti ayambe kuyenda chifukwa zimatenga nthawi kudikira liwiro dizilo kuti dontho ... izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa magawo osuntha). Kuonjezera apo, kuyaka sikuyendetsedwa ndi kuwala kwa kandulo, sikungatheke kulamuliridwa ndipo kumatenga nthawi yaitali. Izi zimachepetsa ma cycle onse komanso kuthamanga kwa injini.

Potsirizira pake, chifukwa cha nthawi yayitali ya pistoni (zosinthidwa ndi mlingo wa kuyaka), zimatenga nthawi yaitali kuti zipite patsogolo ndi kumbuyo. (copyright fiches-auto.fr)

Nayi tachometer yama 308s awiri: mafuta ndi dizilo. Kodi simukuwona kusiyana?

gearbox ina?

Chakuti liwiro la injini ndilosiyana liziwonjezera kuchuluka kwa zida kuti zigwirizane ndi izi. Komabe, samalani, kusintha kumeneku sikumamveredwa ndi dalaivala, ndiye kuti ndi luso lothandizira kubweza liwiro la crankshaft la injini ya dizilo.

Kusiyana pakati pa dizilo ndi mafuta?

Mafuta a dizilo amapereka mphamvu pang'ono kuposa mafuta a voliyumu yomweyo. Kuchita bwino kwamafuta palokha mwa izo zokha pang'ono bwino ndi mafuta mafuta.

Monga pakupanga, dizilo ndi mafuta amatulutsidwa mosiyanasiyana chifukwa mafuta osakomoka amayenera kutenthedwa ndi kutentha kwakukulu kwa dizilo. Koma palibe kukayika kuti ngati mukufuna kutsitsa dizilo, muyeneranso kutaya gawo lalikulu la mafuta omwe mumasonkhanitsa, chifukwa chomalizachi chili ndi mafuta 22% ndi dizilo 27%.

Werengani zambiri za kupanga ndi kuchotsa mafuta a dizilo ndi mafuta pano.

Ntchito yonse: kusiyana?

Injini ya dizilo imagwira ntchito bwino (palibe mafuta monga tawonetsera pamwambapa) zili bwino ndi 42% ya dizilo ndi 36% ya mafuta (malinga ndi ifpenergiesnouvelles.fr). Kuchita bwino ndikusintha kwa mphamvu zoyambira (mwa mawonekedwe amafuta ngati injini) kukhala mphamvu yamagetsi yotsatirapo. Chifukwa chake ndi injini ya dizilo tili ndi 42% yocheperako, chifukwa chake kutentha ndi kusokonekera kwa mpweya wotulutsa mpweya kumapanga 58% yotsalayo (ndiye mphamvu yowonongeka ... Yoyipa kwambiri).

Kugwedezeka / Phokoso?

Dizilo imanjenjemera molondola chifukwa imakhala ndi chiŵerengero chapamwamba cha kuponderezana. Kuponderezedwa kwamphamvu, kumapangitsanso kugwedezeka kwakukulu kobwera chifukwa cha kuyaka (chifukwa cha kukulirakulira). Izi zikutanthauza kuti ...

Tawonani, komabe, kuti chodabwitsachi chimachepetsedwa ndi pre-jakisoni, yomwe imafewetsa zinthu (pokhapokha pa liwiro lochepa, kenako imayamba kukuwa kwambiri), mwachiwonekere pa injini ya jakisoni.

Kupukuta

Zabwino particles

Dizilo nthawi zambiri amatulutsa tinthu tating'onoting'ono kwambiri kuposa mafuta chifukwa, mosasamala kanthu zaukadaulo, kusakaniza kwa mpweya / mafuta sikufanana kwenikweni. M'malo mwake, kaya ndi jakisoni wachindunji kapena wosakonzekera, mafuta amabayidwa mochedwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kusakanikirana kwapakati ndikuwotcha. Pa mafuta, zinthu ziwirizi zimasakanizidwa asanadye (jakisoni wosalunjika) kapena imodzi imabayidwa mukamamwa (jekeseni wachindunji), zomwe zimapangitsa mafuta ndi okosijeni kuphatikiza.

Komabe, dziwani kuti injini zamafuta amasiku ano "zimakonda" kuyendetsa zowonda pamagawo ena (kuchepetsa kumwa: mlingo ndi kuchepetsa kutayika kwa kupopera), ndipo kusakaniza kowonda kumeneku kumayambitsa kusakaniza kosiyanasiyana ndi chindapusa. Ichi ndichifukwa chake tsopano ali ndi zosefera.

Choncho, homogeneous osakaniza ndi kutentha kuyaka chofunika kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha particles. Kufananizidwa bwino ndi jekeseni wachindunji kumatheka ndi jekeseni wothamanga kwambiri: mpweya wabwino wamafuta.

Mogwirizana ndi miyezo yaposachedwa, malamulo amafunikira mafuta a dizilo kuti atsukidwe ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono [Sinthani: mafuta aposachedwa kwambiri]. Zotsatira zake, injini za dizilo zamakono zimasefa 99% ya iwo (ndi injini yotentha ...), zomwe zitha kuonedwa kuti ndizovomerezeka kwambiri! Chifukwa chake, akaphatikizidwa ndikugwiritsa ntchito pang'ono, mafuta a dizilo amakhalabe yankho loyenera kuchokera pamalingaliro achilengedwe ndi thanzi, ngakhale angapangitse anthu kukhumudwa.

Zotsatira zake, dongosololi lidaloleza mafuta a petroli mpaka posachedwa kukana maulendo 10, ngakhale unyinji wololedwawo uyenera kukhala wochepera 10% wamafuta. Chifukwa tiyenera kusiyanitsa pakati pa misa ndi tinthu tating'ono: mu magalamu 5 a tinthu tating'onoting'ono titha kukhala ndi tinthu 5 tolemera 1 g (chithunzi chosatheka, ichi ndi chomvetsetsa) kapena tinthu 5 ma 000 magalamu (ndipo sitikufuna misa, koma kukula kwake: kocheperako, ndimomwe kumawonongera thanzi, popeza tinthu tating'onoting'ono timachotsedwa / kusefedwa ndi mapapu athu).

Vuto ndiloti posinthira ku jakisoni, injini zamafuta tsopano zimatulutsa tinthu tating'onoting'ono kwambiri kuposa injini za dizilo zokhala ndi fyuluta yamakanema (atolankhani samangokhala chete pankhaniyi, kupatula Autoplus, yomwe nthawi zambiri imasiyidwa). Koma makamaka, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti dizilo imapanga zowononga zambiri kuposa mafuta pomwe idabayidwa mwachindunji. Chifukwa chake simuyenera kuyang'ana mafuta (petulo / dizilo) kuti muwone ngati injini ikuwononga kapena kuvulaza thanzi, koma ngati ili ndi jekeseni wothamanga kwambiri ... chomwe chimayambitsa mapangidwe a tinthu tating'onoting'ono ndi NOx ( china chake chomwe atolankhani samawoneka kuti akumvetsa, chifukwa chake kunamveka kwakukulu komwe kudapangitsa kuwonongeka kwa mafuta a dizilo).

Mwachidule, dizilo ndi mafuta zikufanana kwambiri mu mpweya ... Ndipo ndichifukwa chake mafuta omwe amatulutsidwa pambuyo pa 2018 amakhala ndi zosefera zamagulu ambiri. Ndipo ngakhale ngati dizilo imatulutsa NOx yambiri (yotupa m'mapapo), tsopano ndi yocheperako chifukwa chokhazikitsa chothandizira cha SCR, chomwe chimayambitsa kusintha kwa mankhwala komwe kumawononga (kapena m'malo mwake kumasintha) ambiri.

Mwachidule, wopambana mu nkhani zabodza izi ndi boma kulimbikitsa misonkho. Zowonadi, anthu ambiri asinthira ku petulo ndipo tsopano akugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri kuposa kale ... Mwa njira, ndizosautsa kwambiri kuwona momwe atolankhani angakhudzire anthu ambiri, ngakhale chidziwitsocho chili cholakwika. (copyright fiches-auto.fr)

nox

Dizilo mwachibadwa amatulutsa zambiri kuposa mafuta chifukwa kuyaka kwake sikufanana kwambiri. Izi zimayambitsa mawanga ambiri otentha muchipinda choyaka (kupitilira madigiri 2000) omwe ndi magwero a mpweya wa NOx. Zowonadi, chomwe chimapangitsa NOx kuwoneka ndi kutentha kwakuya: kutenthetsa, ndipamene NOx yochulukirapo. Vavu ya EGR ya petulo ndi dizilo imalepheretsanso izi pochepetsa kutentha kwakuya.

Tawonani, komabe, kuti mafuta amakono amapanganso mitundu yambiri yosakanikirana / yolimba (yotheka ndi jekeseni wachindunji) chifukwa izi zimawonjezera kutentha kwa magwiridwe antchito.

Kwenikweni, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti injini zonse ziwiri zimapanga zowononga zomwezo, koma kuchuluka kwake kumasintha malingana ndi momwe tikukamba za jekeseni wachindunji kapena wosalunjika. Ndipo kotero, koposa zonse, mtundu wa jekeseni zimayambitsa kusinthasintha kwa mpweya woipa, osati chifukwa chakuti injini ndi dizilo kapena mafuta.

Werengani: Zonyansa Zomwe Zimaperekedwa ndi Mafuta a Dizilo.

Mapulagi owala?

Injini ya dizilo ili ndi mapulagi owala. Popeza imayaka zokha, izi zimafunikira kutentha kochepa mchipinda choyaka moto. Kupanda kutero, chisakanizo cha mpweya / dizilo sichitha kutentha kokwanira.

Kutentha kumathandizanso kuchepetsa kuipitsidwa kozizira: makandulo amakhalabe oyatsa ngakhale atayamba kufulumizitsa kutentha kwa zipinda zoyaka.

Kudya mpweya, kusiyana?

Dizilo ilibe valavu yokhotakhota (yoyang'aniridwa ndi kompyuta pamafuta, kupatula mafuta omwe ali ndi mavavu osinthika, omwe pano safuna valavu ya kukhosomola) chifukwa dizilo nthawi zonse imakoka mpweya wofanana. Izi zimathetsa kufunikira kokhala ndi chikwapu chofanana ndi valavu yamagetsi kapena mavavu osinthika.

Chifukwa, zingalowe zoipa zimapangidwa pakudya mafuta a injini. Kukhumudwa uku (komwe sikupezeka pa dizilo) kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthandizira zinthu zina za injini. Mwachitsanzo, imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi chimbudzi chothandizira kuti chithandizire pakumenyetsa (madzi, mtundu wa disc), izi ndizomwe zimalepheretsa kuti cholumikizacho chikhale cholimba (chomwe mungaone injini ikadazimitsidwa, chophimbacho chimakhala cholimba pambuyo pakukwapula katatu. ). Kuti mupeze injini ya dizilo, muyenera kukhazikitsa pampu yowonjezeramo, yomwe siyithandiza kupanga chilichonse chosavuta (makamaka, phindu lochepa!

Kulembetsa kusukulu DIPO

Pa mafuta a dizilo, kupanikizika kumakhala osachepera 1 bar, monga mpweya umalowa mu doko mwakufuna. Choncho, ziyenera kumveka kuti kusintha kwa kayendedwe kake kumasintha (malingana ndi liwiro), koma kupanikizika kumakhalabe kosasintha.

Kulembetsa kusukulu KUYENERA

(Katundu wotsika)

Mukamathamangitsa pang'ono, thupi lopumira silimatseguka kwambiri kuti liletse kutuluka kwa mpweya. Izi zimayambitsa mtundu wamagalimoto. Injini imakoka mpweya kuchokera mbali imodzi (kumanja), pomwe valavu yampweya imalepheretsa kuyenda (kumanzere): chopuma chimapangidwa polowera, kenako kuthamanga kuli pakati pa 0 ndi 1 bar.

Makokedwe ena? Kuthamanga kwa injini pang'ono?

Pa injini ya dizilo, mphamvu imafalikira m'njira ina: mphamvu ya injini ya dizilo ndiyolimba (poyerekeza ndi mafuta amagetsi omwewo), koma imakhala yocheperako (kuthamanga kwakanthawi kochepa kwambiri). Chifukwa chake, nthawi zambiri timakhala ndi lingaliro loti injini ya dizilo imathamanga kwambiri kuposa mafuta amphamvu yomweyo. Komabe, izi sizowona kwathunthu, chifukwa ndi njira yomwe mphamvu imabwerera, yosiyana, "yogawidwa" mozama. Ndipo kuphatikizika kwa makina amagetsi kumathandizira kusiyanasiyana kwakukulu ...

Zowonadi, tisamangokhala ndi torque, mphamvu ndiyofunikira! Dizilo idzakhala ndi torque yochulukirapo chifukwa mphamvu yake imafalikira mumtundu wocheperako. Chifukwa chake (ndikutenga manambala mwachisawawa) ngati ndigawira 100 hp. pa 4000 rpm (tating'onoting'ono ngati dizilo), mphika wanga ukakhala m'dera laling'ono, ndiye kuti torque yayikulu kapena yowonjezera idzafunika (mwachangu, chifukwa nthawi imasintha kuchoka pa liwiro lina kupita lina) kuti igwirizane ndi mafuta injini ndi mphamvu 100 hp. idzafalikira pa 6500 rpm (kotero kuti mapindikidwe a torque adzakhala omveka bwino, zomwe zidzapangitsa kuti zikhale zochepa).

Chifukwa chake m'malo mongonena kuti dizilo ili ndi makokedwe ambiri, ndibwino kunena kuti dizilo silimachitanso chimodzimodzi, ndipo mulimonsemo, ndi chinthu champhamvu chomwe ndichofunikira kwambiri pakuchita kwa injini (osati makokedwe).

Zabwino ndi ziti?

Moona mtima, ayi ... Chisankho chidzangotengera zosowa ndi zokhumba. Mwanjira imeneyi, aliyense apeza injini yomwe amafunikira kutengera moyo wawo komanso zochita zawo za tsiku ndi tsiku.

Kwa iwo omwe akufuna chisangalalo, injini yamafuta imawoneka yoyenera kwambiri: kukwera nsanja zowopsa, kulemera pang'ono, injini zazikuluzikulu, kununkhira pang'ono ngati kutembenuka, kuchepa kocheperako (kumva masewera), ndi zina zambiri.

Mbali inayi, makina amakono a dizilo omwe ali ndi mphamvu yayikulu adzakhala ndi mwayi kuti azikhala ndi makokedwe ochulukirapo pa rpm yotsika (sipafunikira kuyendetsa nsanja kuti mupeze "msuzi", womwe ndi wabwino pamalori), kugwiritsidwa ntchito kumakhala kotsika (bwino magwiridwe). ndipo imakhala yothandiza kwa iwo omwe amayenda kwambiri.

Kumbali ina, ma dizilo amakono asintha kukhala mafakitale enieni a gasi (turbo, EGR valve, breather, vacuum vacuum pump, jekeseni wothamanga kwambiri, etc.), zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale ngozi zambiri zokhudzana ndi kudalirika. Pamene timamatira ku kuphweka (zowona, zonse zimasungidwa, chifukwa mwinamwake timakwera njinga ...), ndibwino! Koma mwatsoka, ma injini a petulo alowanso mgululi potengera jekeseni wothamanga kwambiri (izi ndizomwe zimayambitsa kuchuluka kwa kuipitsa, kapena zinthu zovulaza zamoyo).

Zinthu zikusintha, ndipo sitiyenera kumangoganiza za tsankho lachikale, mwachitsanzo, "Mafuta a dizilo amaipitsa kwambiri kuposa mafuta." M'malo mwake, izi ndizowona, chifukwa dizilo imagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zochepa zotsalira ndikupanga zowononga zomwezo monga mafuta. Chifukwa cha jekeseni wachindunji, womwe udawonekera mochuluka pa mafuta ...).

Werengani: Mazda block yomwe imayesa kuphatikiza mawonekedwe a dizilo ndi mafuta mu injini imodzi.

Zikomo pasadakhale kwa aliyense amene apeza zinthu zomwe zithandizira kumaliza nkhaniyi! Kuti mutenge nawo mbali, pitani pansi pa tsamba.

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