Kapangidwe ndi kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka makina oyambira

Makina oyambira injini amapereka cranking yoyamba ya injini ya injini, chifukwa chophatikizira chopangira mafuta chimayatsidwa muzitsulo ndipo injini imayamba kugwira ntchito payokha. Dongosololi limaphatikizapo zinthu zingapo zazikulu ndi ma node, ntchito yomwe tikambirana m'nkhaniyi.

Kodi

M'magalimoto amakono, makina oyendera magetsi amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Imatchulidwanso kuti njira yoyambira. Imodzi ndi kasinthasintha ka crankshaft, nthawi, poyatsira ndi dongosolo lamagetsi yamagetsi imayambitsidwa. Kuyaka kwa mafuta osakanikirana ndi mpweya kumachitika muzipinda zoyaka ndipo ma pistoni amatembenuza crankshaft. Pambuyo pofika pakusintha kwina kwa injini, injini imayamba kugwira ntchito payokha, mwa inertia.

Kuti muyambe injini, muyenera kufika pa liwiro linalake la crankshaft. Mtengo uwu ndi wosiyana ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya injini. Kuti injini mafuta ayenera kukhala osachepera 40-70 rpm, chifukwa injini dizilo - 100-200 rpm.

Pachiyambi choyamba cha mafakitale a magalimoto, makina oyambira mothandizidwa ndi crank adagwiritsidwa ntchito mwakhama. Zinali zosadalirika komanso zosokoneza. Tsopano zisankho zotere zidasiyidwa m'malo mokomera magetsi.

Chipangizo choyambira makina

Makina oyambira injini akuphatikizapo zinthu izi:

• njira zowongolera (poyatsira poyatsira, poyambira kwakutali, poyambira poyambira);
• accumulator batire;
• sitata;
• mawaya a gawo lina.

Chinthu chofunikira pa dongosololi ndi choyambira, chomwe chimayendetsedwa ndi batri. Iyi ndi mota ya DC. Zimapanga makokedwe omwe amapatsidwira ku flywheel ndi crankshaft.

Momwe injini yoyambira imagwirira ntchito

Pambuyo potsegula kiyi mu loko poyatsira pamalo "oyambira", magetsi amayenda. Panopa kudzera dera zabwino batire amapita ku kumulowetsa wa sitata samatha kulandirana. Kenako, podutsa mwamphamvu, pakadali pano pakadutsa burashi yowonjezerapo, kenako ndikumazungulira armature kupita ku burashi yopanda pake. Umu ndi momwe zotengera zotengera zimagwirira ntchito. Pachimake chosunthika chimabweza ndikutseka ma dime amagetsi. Pakatikati pakasuntha, foloko imakulitsa, yomwe imakankhira makina oyendetsa (bendix).

Ma dimes amagetsi atatsekedwa, mphamvu zoyambira zimaperekedwa kuchokera pa batri kudzera pa waya woyenera kupita ku stator, maburashi ndi ozungulira (armature) oyambira. Maginito amakoka mozungulira ma windings, omwe amayendetsa zida zankhondo. Mwanjira iyi, mphamvu yamagetsi yochokera kubatire imasandulika mphamvu yamakina.

Monga tanenera kale, mphanda, poyenda kwa solenoid relay, imakankhira bendix ku korona wa flywheel. Umu ndi momwe chibwenzi chimachitikira. Chipangizocho chimazungulira ndikuwongolera chozungulira, chomwe chimatumiza kusunthaku kupita ku crankshaft. Pambuyo poyambitsa injini, ndegeyo imazungulira mpaka kumtunda kwambiri. Pofuna kuti asawononge sitata, kuthamanga kwakukulu kwa bendix kumayambitsidwa. Nthawi zina, bendix imazungulira palokha popanda zida.

Pambuyo poyambitsa injini ndikuzimitsa poyatsira kuchokera poyambira "bend", bendix imatenga malo ake oyamba, ndipo injini imagwira ntchito pawokha.

Mbali batire

Kuyambitsa bwino kwa injini kumadalira mkhalidwe ndi mphamvu ya batri. Anthu ambiri amadziwa kuti zisonyezo monga kuthekera komanso kuzizira kwamakono ndizofunikira pa batri. Magawo awa akuwonetsedwa polemba, mwachitsanzo, 60 / 450A. Mphamvu imayesedwa mu maola ampere. Batire ili ndi vuto lochepa mkati, motero imatha kutulutsa mafunde akulu kwakanthawi kochepa, kangapo kuposa kuthekera kwake. Kutchulidwa kwazomwe kukuziziritsa pakali pano ndi 450A, koma pamikhalidwe ina: + 18C ° osapitilira masekondi 10.

Komabe, zomwe zaperekedwa kwa oyambira sizikhala zochepa poyerekeza ndi zomwe zawonetsedwa, popeza kulimbikira kwa sitata yokha komanso mawaya amagetsi sikumaganiziridwa. Izi zimatchedwa kuyambira koyambira.

Thandizo. Kukaniza kwamkati kwa batri ndi 2-9 mOhm pafupifupi. Kukaniza koyambira kwa injini ya mafuta kumakhala pafupifupi 20-30 mOhm. Monga mukuwonera, kuti mugwiritse ntchito moyenera, ndikofunikira kuti kulimbikira kwa oyambira ndi mawaya kukhale kangapo kuposa kulimbana kwa batri, apo ayi mphamvu yamagetsi yamkati imagwa pansi pa volt 7-9 pakayambika, ndipo izi sizingaloledwe. Pakadali pano kugwiritsidwa ntchito, mphamvu yamagetsi yogwira batire imagwira pafupifupi 10,8V kwa masekondi pang'ono, kenako nkuchira mpaka 12V kapena kupitilira pang'ono.

Batire limapereka kuyambira pakadali pano poyambira kwa masekondi 5-10. Kenako muyenera kuyimilira masekondi 5-10 kuti batri "lipeze mphamvu."

Ngati, poyesa kuyambitsa, ma voliyumu omwe ali pa intaneti adatsika mwamphamvu kapena choyambira chikadutsika pakati, ndiye kuti izi zikuwonetsa kutulutsidwa kwakukulu kwa batri. Woyambitsa akapanda kudina, ndiye kuti batireyo yakhala pansi. Zina mwazinthu zitha kuphatikizira kulephera koyambira.

Yambani pakali pano

Zoyambira zama injini zama petulo ndi dizilo zimasiyana mphamvu. Pogwiritsa ntchito injini zoyaka zamkati zamagetsi, zoyambira ndi mphamvu ya 0,8-1,4 kW zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, kwa dizilo - 2 kW ndi pamwambapa. Zikutanthauza chiyani? Izi zikutanthauza kuti zoyambira za dizilo zimafunikira mphamvu zambiri kuti zikwaniritse chopingasa mwamphamvu. Choyamba cha 1 kW chimadya 80A, 2 kW chimagwiritsa ntchito 160A. Mphamvu zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pakukweza koyamba kwa crankshaft.

Pafupifupi poyambira pakapangidwe ka injini yamafuta ndi 255A pakuwombera bwino crankshaft, koma izi zimaganizira kutentha kwabwino kwa 18C ° kapena kupitilira apo. Pakatentha pang'ono, choyambira chimafunikira kutembenuza chopukusira mu mafuta okutira, omwe amathandizira kukana.

Features poyambira injini nyengo yozizira

M'nyengo yozizira, zimakhala zovuta kuyambitsa injini. Mafuta amakula, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti ndizovuta kukulunga. Komanso, betri nthawi zambiri imalephera.

Pakatentha pang'ono, kukana kwamkati kwa batire kumatuluka, batire limakhala pansi mwachangu, komanso mopanda manyazi limapereka zomwe zikufunika kuyambira pano. Kuti injini iyambe bwino m'nyengo yozizira, batire liyenera kudzazidwa mokwanira ndipo siliyenera kuundana. Kuphatikiza apo, muyenera kuwunika olumikizana nawo m'malo.

Nawa maupangiri okuthandizani kuti muyambe injini yanu m'nyengo yozizira:

1. Musanatsegule sitatayo kuzizira, yatsani mtengo wapamwamba kwa masekondi ochepa. Izi ziyambitsa njira zamagetsi mu batri, titero, "dzutsani" batiri.
2. Osatsegula sitata kwa masekondi opitilira 10. Chifukwa chake batire limatha msanga, makamaka nyengo yozizira.
3. Bweretsani chomenyera chowongolera bwino kuti sitata isafunike kutembenuza magiya owonjezera pamafuta opatsirana amtundu.
4. Nthawi zina ma aerosols apadera kapena "madzi oyambira" omwe amabayidwa mlengalenga amatha kuthandiza. Ngati zinthu zili bwino, injini iyamba.

Madalaivala zikwizikwi amayambitsa injini zawo tsiku lililonse ndikuyendetsa bizinesi. Kuyamba kwa mayendedwe ndikotheka chifukwa cha ntchito yolumikizidwa bwino ya injini yoyambira. Kudziwa kapangidwe kake, sikungoyambitsa injini muzochitika zosiyanasiyana, komanso sankhani zigawo zikuluzikulu zofunikira malinga ndi zofunikira pagalimoto yanu.