Chipangizo ndi mfundo ya ntchito ya multiport mafuta jakisoni MPI

Makina ojambulira mafuta opanikizika asintha kuchokera ku zida zosavuta zamakina kupita ku makina oyendetsedwa ndi magetsi omwe amathira mafuta mu silinda ya injini iliyonse. Chidule cha MPI (Multi Point Injection) chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kutanthauza mfundo yoperekera mafuta ndi ma jekeseni a electromagnetic kumitundu yambiri yolowera, pafupi kwambiri ndi kunja kwa valavu yolowera. Pakadali pano, iyi ndiyo njira yodziwika bwino komanso yayikulu yopangira magetsi amafuta amafuta.

Zomwe zikuphatikizidwa mu dongosolo

Cholinga chachikulu cha ntchito imeneyi chinali mlingo wolondola wa cyclic mafuta kotunga, ndiko kuti, mawerengedwe ndi odulidwa akufunika kuchuluka kwa mafuta, malingana ndi mpweya misa kuperekedwa kwa masilindala ndi zina zofunika pakali pano magawo injini. Izi zimatsimikiziridwa ndi kupezeka kwa zigawo zikuluzikulu:

• pompa mafuta nthawi zambiri amakhala mu thanki gasi;
• kuwongolera kuthamanga ndi mzere wamafuta, kumatha kukhala amodzi kapena awiri, ndikukhetsa mafuta obwerera;
• rampu yokhala ndi majekeseni (majekeseni) oyendetsedwa ndi mphamvu zamagetsi;
• injini control unit (ECU), kwenikweni, ndi microcomputer yokhala ndi zotumphukira zapamwamba, zokhazikika, zolembedwanso komanso zofikira mwachisawawa;
• masensa ambiri omwe amawunika njira zoyendetsera injini, malo owongolera ndi machitidwe ena agalimoto;
• ma actuators ndi ma valve;
• mapulogalamu ndi hardware zovuta zowongolera, zophatikizidwa kwathunthu mu ECM.
• njira zowonjezera zochepetsera kawopsedwe.

Zipangizozi zimagawidwa mkati mwa galimotoyo kuchokera ku thunthu kupita kumalo opangira injini, mfundozo zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi waya wamagetsi, mabasi a data apakompyuta, mafuta, mpweya ndi vacuum mizere.

Kugwira ntchito kwa mayunitsi ndi zida zonse

Mafuta a petulo amaperekedwa kuchokera ku tanki yoponderezedwa ndi pampu yamagetsi yomwe ili pamenepo. Galimoto yamagetsi ndi gawo la mpope limagwira ntchito m'malo a petulo, amaziziritsidwa komanso kupakidwa nawo. Chitetezo pamoto chimatsimikiziridwa ndi kusowa kwa okosijeni wofunikira pakuyatsa; kusakaniza ndi mpweya wodzazidwa ndi mafuta sikuyatsidwa ndi spark yamagetsi.

Pambuyo pa kusefedwa kwa magawo awiri, mafuta amalowa mu njanji yamafuta. Kupanikizika mkati mwake kumakhalabe kokhazikika mothandizidwa ndi chowongolera chomwe chimamangidwa mu mpope kapena njanji. Zowonjezera zimatsitsidwanso mu thanki.

Pa nthawi yoyenera, ma electromagnets a jekeseni, okhazikika pakati pa rampu ndi manifold olowa, amalandira chizindikiro chamagetsi kuchokera kwa madalaivala a ECM kuti atsegule. Mafuta opanikizidwa amalowetsedwa mu valavu yoyamwitsa, nthawi yomweyo kupopera ndi kutulutsa mpweya. Popeza kutsika kwapakati pa jekeseni kumakhala kokhazikika, kuchuluka kwa mafuta omwe amaperekedwa kumatsimikiziridwa ndi nthawi yotsegulira valavu ya jekeseni. Kusintha kwa vacuum mu osonkhanitsa kumaganiziridwa ndi pulogalamu yolamulira.

Nthawi yotsegulira nozzle ndi mtengo wowerengeka wowerengedwa kutengera zomwe zalandilidwa kuchokera ku masensa:

• mpweya wochuluka kapena kupanikizika kosiyanasiyana;
• kutentha kwa gasi;
• digiri ya throttle kutsegula;
• kukhalapo kwa zizindikiro za kuyaka kwa detonation;
• injini kutentha;
• pafupipafupi kasinthasintha ndi magawo a malo a crankshaft ndi camshafts;
• kukhalapo kwa mpweya mu mpweya wotulutsa mpweya usanayambe kapena pambuyo pa chosinthira chothandizira.

Kuonjezera apo, ECM imalandira chidziwitso kuchokera ku machitidwe ena a galimoto kudzera pa basi ya data, kupereka yankho la injini muzochitika zosiyanasiyana. Pulogalamu ya block imasunga mosalekeza mtundu wa masamu a injini. Zosintha zake zonse zimalembedwa mumapu amitundu yambiri.

Kuphatikiza pa kuwongolera jekeseni mwachindunji, dongosololi limapereka magwiridwe antchito a zida zina, ma coils ndi ma spark plugs, mpweya wabwino wa thanki, kukhazikika kwamafuta ndi ntchito zina zambiri. ECM ili ndi ma hardware ndi mapulogalamu kuti adzizindikiritse okha ndikupatsa dalaivala zidziwitso za kuchitika kwa zolakwika ndi zolakwika.

Pakadali pano, jakisoni wokhazikika pa silinda iliyonse amagwiritsidwa ntchito. M'mbuyomu, majekeseni ankagwira ntchito limodzi kapena awiriawiri, koma izi sizinakwaniritsidwe bwino mu injini. Pambuyo pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa camshaft udindo masensa, yamphamvu aliyense analandira ulamuliro osiyana komanso diagnostics.

Makhalidwe, ubwino ndi kuipa kwake

Mutha kusiyanitsa MPI ndi ma jakisoni ena mwa kukhalapo kwa ma nozzles omwe ali ndi kanjira wamba komwe amalunjikitsidwa. Jekeseni wa mfundo imodzi anali ndi jekeseni imodzi yomwe inatenga malo a carburetor ndipo inali yofanana ndi mawonekedwe ake. Jekeseni wachindunji m'zipinda zoyatsira moto amakhala ndi ma nozzles ofanana ndi zida zamafuta a dizilo okhala ndi pampu yothamanga kwambiri yomwe imayikidwa pamutu wa chipikacho. Ngakhale nthawi zina, kuti akwaniritse zophophonya za jakisoni wachindunji, amaperekedwa ndi njira yolumikizirana kuti apereke gawo lamafuta kuzinthu zambiri.

Kufunika kokonzekera kuyaka bwino m'masilinda kunapangitsa kuti zida za MPI zipangidwe. Mafuta amalowa mu osakaniza pafupi kwambiri ndi chipinda choyaka moto, amapopera bwino ndikuphulika. Izi zimakuthandizani kuti mugwiritse ntchito zosakaniza zowonda kwambiri, kuonetsetsa kuti zikuyenda bwino.

Kuwongolera kolondola kwa chakudya pakompyuta kumapangitsa kuti zitheke kukwaniritsa miyezo ya kawopsedwe yomwe ikuchulukirachulukira. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, mtengo wa hardware ndi wotsika kwambiri, makina omwe ali ndi MPI ndi otsika mtengo kupanga kusiyana ndi machitidwe a jekeseni mwachindunji. Zapamwamba ndi zolimba, ndipo kukonzanso kumawononga ndalama zochepa. Zonsezi zikufotokozera kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa MPI m'magalimoto amakono, makamaka makalasi a bajeti.