Kapangidwe ndi kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka zowalamulira zama mbale angapo

Pofotokozera mawonekedwe aukadaulo wa ma SUV ambiri ndi magalimoto ena okwera omwe ali ndi zosintha zosiyanasiyana zamagalimoto oyendetsa magudumu anayi, nthawi zambiri mumatha kupeza lingaliro la clutch yamitundu yambiri. Izi mikangano gawo la otchedwa pulagi-mu zonse-wheel drive. Kugwira ntchito kwa chinthuchi kumapangitsa, ngati kuli kofunikira, kupanga olamulira osagwira omwe akutsogolera. Kapangidwe kameneka kamagwiritsidwa ntchito, mwachitsanzo, mu xDrive system, yomwe ilipo nkhani yosiyana.

Kuphatikiza pa magalimoto, zomata zama mbale angapo zimagwiritsidwa bwino ntchito mu zida zingapo zamakina momwe kunyamula kwamphamvu kumachitika pakati pa njira ziwiri zosiyana. Chida ichi chimayikidwa ngati chinthu chosinthira, chofananiza ndi kulumikizitsa kuyendetsa kwa njira ziwiri.

Ganizirani za momwe chipangizochi chikugwirira ntchito, ndi mitundu yanji, komanso zabwino ndi zoyipa zawo.

Momwe zowalamulira zimagwirira ntchito

Zipangizo zingapo zopikisana ndizida zomwe zimalola kuti makinawo atenge mphamvu kuchokera kwa mbuyeyo. Mamangidwe ake zikuphatikizapo zimbale (ntchito mikangano ndi mitundu zitsulo mbali). Zochita zake zimaperekedwa ndikutsitsa ma disc. Nthawi zambiri magalimoto, mtundu uwu zowalamulira ntchito ngati njira ina kusiyana masiyanidwe ndi (limagwirira limafotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane kubwereza kwina). Poterepa, idayikidwa munkhani yosamutsira (za zomwe zili ndi chifukwa chake ikufunika pakufalitsa, werengani apa) ndi kulumikiza kutsinde lotengeka ndi chitsulo chogwira matayala yachiwiri, chifukwa chimene makokedwe ndi imafalikira mawilo anafooka, ndi kufala akuyamba kutembenukira iwo. Koma m'njira yosavuta, chida chotere chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mudengu lonyamula.

Ntchito yayikulu njirazi ndi kulumikiza / kuchotsa magawo awiri othamanga. M'kati kulumikiza pagalimoto ndi chimbale chimbale, zowalamulira kumachitika bwino ndi kuwonjezeka pang'onopang'ono mphamvu mu wagawo ndi pagalimoto. M'malo mwake, zida zachitetezo zimadula zidazo pomwe torque imaposa mtengo wovomerezeka. Njira zotere zimatha kulumikizana payokha pambuyo poti katundu wambiri wachotsedwa. Chifukwa cha kulumikizana kocheperako kwamtundu wamtunduwu, amagwiritsidwa ntchito munjira zomwe nthawi zambiri, koma kwakanthawi kochepa, zimadzaza bwino kwambiri.

Kuti timvetsetse momwe ntchitoyi imagwirira ntchito, ndikwanira kukumbukira momwe bokosi lamagalimoto (makaniko kapena loboti), kapena dengu logwirira ntchito. Zambiri pazamagalimoto awa zafotokozedwa payokha... Mwachidule, kasupe wamphamvu amasindikiza chimbalecho ndikuwuluka pamwamba pa flywheel. Chifukwa cha ichi, mphamvu imachotsedwa pagawo lamagetsi kupita ku shaft yolowera ya gearbox. Njirayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito pakadutsa kufalikira kuchokera ku injini yoyaka yamkati, ndipo driver adatha kusintha zida zomwe akufuna.

1 - Wolumala; 2 - Wothandizira; 3 - ma disks othamanga; 4 - Zitsulo zimbale; 5 - Chigawo; 6 - Kubwerera kasupe; 7 - Piston.

Chachikulu kusiyana kwa zowalamulira mbale angapo ndi masiyanidwe zungulira ndi kuti limagwirira akaganizira amapereka kulumikiza yosalala ya galimoto ndi shafts. Chochitikacho chimachitika ndi gulu lokangana, lomwe limapereka kulumikizana kwamphamvu pakati pa ma disc ndi mphamvu kumachotsedwa pagulu loyendetsedwa. Kutengera ndi chida chomwe chimakanikiza ma disc, kukakamiza kwawo kumatha kuperekedwa ndi kasupe wamphamvu, servo yamagetsi kapena makina amadzimadzi.

Ma coefficient a torque amafanana molingana ndi mphamvu ya ma disc. Pamene kusamutsa kwamphamvu kwa shaft yoyendetsedwa kuyambika (disc iliyonse imakanikizidwa pang'onopang'ono, ndipo clutch imayamba kupotoza shaft yoyendetsedwa), kusamvana pakati pa ochita izi kumawonjezera kuwonjezeka kwamphamvu yomwe ikugwira ntchito yachiwiri shaft shaft. Mofulumira ndi yosalala.

Komanso, mphamvu ya makokedwe imadalira kuchuluka kwa ma disc mu clutch. Mawonekedwe amitundu yambiri amakhala ndi mphamvu yayikulu posamutsira mphamvu ku mfundo yachiwiri, popeza mawonekedwe olumikizana ndi zinthu zomwe amalumikizana akuwonjezeka.

Kuti chipangizocho chigwire bwino ntchito, pamafunika kukhala ndi kusiyana pakati pa ma disc. Chida ichi chakhazikitsidwa ndi wopanga, popeza mainjiniya amawerengera mphamvu zomwe ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuti makinawo azitha kufalitsa bwino. Ngati chilolezo chadiski chili chocheperako ndi gawo lomwe likufotokozedwalo, disk yoyendetsa idzasinthanso zomwe zimayendetsedwa, popanda kufunika kuti agwire ntchito.

Chifukwa cha izi, zokutira zimbale zimatha msanga (zimadalira msanga kusiyana kwake). Koma mtunda wochulukirapo pakati pa ma discwu mosavutikira umapangitsa kuti chipangizocho chizikhala chovala msanga. Cholinga chake ndikuti ma disc sadzakanikizidwa ndi mphamvu zambiri, ndipo ndikuwonjezera mphamvu zozungulira, zowalamulira zidzaterereka. Maziko a kulondola kwa kulumikizana atakonzedwa ndikukhazikitsa mtunda wolondola pakati pa malo olumikiziranawo.

Chipangizo ndi zigawo zikuluzikulu

Kotero, zowalamulira zimakhala ndi chitsulo. Pali ma discs okwanira angapo (kuchuluka kwa zinthuzi kumadalira kusinthidwa kwa makinawo, komanso mphamvu yakanthawi yomwe imafunikira). Pakati pa zimbale izi pali anzawo azitsulo.

Zinthu zampikisano zimalumikizana ndi ma analogs osalala achitsulo (nthawi zina, pali makulidwe ofanana pazinthu zonse zolumikizana), ndi gulu lankhondo lomwe limaperekedwa ndi zokutira (ndizololedwa kugwiritsa ntchito ziwiya zadothi, monga mabuleki ceramic, Kevlar, zopangira zida za kaboni ndi zina zotero), zimakupatsani mwayi wosamutsa mphamvu zofunikira pakati pa makinawo.

Kusintha kofala kwambiri kwamasinthidwe otere ndi chitsulo, chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito chovala chapadera. Zosavuta ndizofanana, koma zopangidwa ndi pulasitiki yamphamvu kwambiri. Gulu limodzi la ma disc limakhazikika pakatikati pa shaft yoyendetsa, pomwe linalo lili pa shaft yoyendetsedwa. Zitsulo zosalala zachitsulo popanda chosanjikiza zimasunthika ku dramu yothamangitsidwa.

Pisitoni ndi kasupe wobwerera amagwiritsidwa ntchito kukanikiza ma disc molimba wina ndi mnzake. Pisitoni imayenda motengera kuthamanga kwa ma drive (ma hydraulic kapena magetsi). Mu mtundu wama hayidiroliki, kuthamanga kutatha, kasupe amabweza ma disc pamalo ake, ndipo makokedwewo amasiya kuyenda.

Mwa mitundu yonse yamagulu angapo okhala ndi mitundu ingapo, pali mitundu iwiri:

• Wouma... Pachifukwa ichi, ma discs mu drum ali ndi malo owuma, chifukwa chake kukangana kokwanira pakati pa magawo kumakwaniritsidwa;
• Zabwino... Zosinthazi zimagwiritsa ntchito mafuta ochepa. Mafuta ofunikira amafunika kuti aziziritsa kuziziritsa kwama disc ndikuwonjezera ziwalozo. Pachifukwa ichi, kuchepa kwakukulu kwa coefficient of friction kudzawonedwa. Kuti akwaniritse zovuta izi, akatswiri adapereka chiwongolero champhamvu kwambiri chotere, chomwe chimakanikiza ma disc molimba mtima. Kuphatikiza apo, gawo losakanizika lazigawo liphatikizanso zida zamakono komanso zothandiza.

Pali mitundu ingapo ya mikangano yama disc, koma mfundo yogwirira ntchito ndiyofanana kwa iwo onse: chimbale chotsutsana chimakanikizidwa kwambiri pamwamba pa analogue yachitsulo, chifukwa chake mipiringidzo ya coaxial yama mayunitsi osiyanasiyana ndi makina ake amalumikizidwa / kusagwirizana.

Zida zogwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga

Pachikhalidwe, chimbale chachitsulo chimapangidwa ndi chitsulo chosakanikirana kwambiri, chomwe chimadzazidwa ndi anti-corrosion agent. M'galimoto zamakono, njira yopangidwa ndi zinthu zopangira kaboni kapena Kevlar itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Koma zothandiza kwambiri masiku ano ndizosankha zotsutsana.

Opanga amagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zosiyanasiyana kupanga izi, koma nthawi zambiri ndi izi:

• Diso... Zomwe zimapangidwazo zimaphatikizapo barite, asibesitosi, phenol-formaldehyde resins ndi shavings zamkuwa;
• Zamgululi... Izi zimapangidwa kuchokera kusakaniza kwa mafuta ena ndi zinthu zingapo. Zogulitsa zoterezi zimatsutsana kwambiri ndi zochita za oxidative, chifukwa chake chipangizocho chimatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito munthawi yayitali;
• Zolumikizidwa... Kuphatikiza pazinthu zazikuluzikulu zomwe zimatsimikizira kukhulupirika kwa malonda, nkhaniyi ili ndi ulusi wamphamvu kwambiri womwe umakulitsa moyo wa malonda, kupewa kuvala msanga.

Fomu yotulutsa gawo

Monga tanena kale, zowalamulira zingapo zimakhala ndi ma disc osachepera awiri. Izi ndizopangidwa mwapadera ngati mbale, zomwe zimayika zokutira zapadera kapena zolumikizana (zomwe zatchulidwa pamwambapa zimapangidwanso). Palinso zosintha zina zosasinthika zomwe zimatha kuphatikizira molakwika mayunitsi.

Kusiyana kwa mitundu

Kutengera ndi momwe makina ogwiritsira ntchito angapo amagwiritsidwira ntchito, zosintha zomwe zimasiyana pamapangidwe awo zitha kukhazikitsidwa. Tiyeni tiwone zomwe mawonekedwe ake ndi osiyana. Mwachidule, amasiyana wina ndi mzake kukula, mawonekedwe, kuchuluka kwa ma disks olumikizana ndi makokedwe omwe chipangizocho chitha kutumiza.

Monga tawonera kale, zinthu zazikuluzikulu za chipangizochi nthawi zambiri zimakhala ma disks. Koma ngati njira ina kutengera zomwe zingafunike, ng'oma, tapered kapena cylindrical zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Zosinthazi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mayunitsi omwe torque imafalikira mosavutikira, mwachitsanzo, ngati shafts yama mayunitsiyo siogwirizana.

Diski

Mitundu iyi yolumikizira ndiyofala kwambiri. Mu kapangidwe ka kusinthidwa kotereku, pali dramu yomwe shaft drive imakhazikika. Analogs mikangano anaika pakati pa chimbale chitsulo, amene chili pa kutsinde lotengeka. Iliyonse ya zida izi imalumikizidwa ndi gawo limodzi pogwiritsa ntchito choyimira (kapena maubwenzi angapo).

Kugwiritsa ntchito ma coupling disc kumakhala ndi zinthu zingapo:

• Choyamba, ma drive angapo atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kukonza kudalirika ndi kuchita bwino;
• Kachiwiri, kapangidwe ka ma disks kakhoza kukhala kovuta, chifukwa chake, kupanga kwawo kumatha kuphatikizidwa ndi zinyalala zina zowonjezera, chifukwa chake pamakhala mitengo yambiri yazinthu zofanana;
• Chachitatu, umodzi mwamaubwino azinthu izi ndi magawo ang'ono a gawolo.

Chozungulira

Ma coupling amphini nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu zida zowalamulira. Izi ndizosiyana zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazida zosiyanasiyana zamagalimoto, mosalekeza, torque yayikulu imafalikira kuchokera pazoyendetsa kupita pazoyendetsa.

Chipangizochi chimakhala ndi ng'oma zingapo zolumikizidwa ndi mbale. Mafoloko omwe amatulutsa mawonekedwe ndi amitundu yosiyanasiyana. Chodziwika bwino cha kusinthaku ndikuti mbale zomwe zimayendetsedwa ndi chipangizocho zimatha kuzungulira kwambiri, ndipo zala zimayikidwa pamakinawo mwanjira inayake.

Makhalidwe azosintha izi ndi awa:

• Zolemba malire smoothst nyamuka;
• Mkulu gulu guluu wolimba;
• Kwa kanthawi kochepa, kapangidwe kameneka kamakupatsani mwayi wosintha mayendedwe azigawo zazamati. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kungosintha kukakamiza kwamikangano.

Ngakhale kuti ntchitoyi ndi yabwino kwambiri, mankhwalawa ali ndi dongosolo lovuta, chifukwa chake, mtengo wamagetsi ndiwokwera kwambiri poyerekeza ndi analogue am'mbuyomu.

Zoyendera

Kusinthaku ndikosowa kwambiri mgalimoto. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pampopi. M'lifupi ng'oma yoyendetsa mu chipangizocho ndi yayikulu, ndipo poyimitsa akhoza kukhala amitundu yosiyanasiyana. Zikhomo zomangirazo ndizazikulu, ndipo mayendedwe angapo atha kuphatikizidwa ndi makinawo. Chodziwika bwino cha kuphatikiza kwamtunduwu ndikuti amatha kupirira katundu wolemera.

Popanga zinthu zoterezi, amagwiritsa ntchito zida zomwe zimatha kupirira kutentha kwambiri. Chosavuta chachikulu cha njirazi ndi kukula kwake kwakukulu.

Mawonekedwe angapo

Monga tanena kale, zomangira zama mbale angapo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mgalimoto. Chipangizocho chimaphatikizapo ng'oma imodzi momwe amayikamo mbale zitatu. Ma gaskets amaikidwa pazikhomo zomangira. Kutengera mtundu wa chipangizocho, zothandizira zingapo zingagwiritsidwe ntchito. Pali njira ziwiri zamasamba. Amakhala otsika kwambiri ndipo mafoloko amakhala akulu m'mimba mwake. Nthawi zambiri, mitundu yolumikizira iyi imayikidwa pagalimoto. Thupi la chinthu ichi chotsutsana limasindikizidwa.

Kusinthidwa kwa ma coupling kumalola kukula kwa chipangizocho kuchepetsedwa popanda kupereka nsembe. Nazi zinthu zazikuluzikulu zomwe zikugwirizana ndi kusinthaku:

1. Amalola kuchepetsa kukula kwa chipangizocho, koma nthawi yomweyo kukulitsa zokolola za makinawo;
2. Zipangizo zoterezi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino ponyamula katundu;
3. Chiwerengero cha zinthu zotsutsana chimakuthandizani kuti muwonjezere mphamvu zotsutsana, chifukwa chake kuthekera kopitilira mphamvu yayikulu kwambiri (chipangizocho chimatha kukhala cholemera mopanda malire);
4. Zomata zoterezi zimatha kukhala zowuma kapena kunyowa (ndi ma disc ofrication friction).

Mitundu ya ng'oma imodzi

Mukusintha uku, mbale imodzi kapena zingapo zili mkati mwa ng'oma. Downforce amasinthidwa ndi zikhomo zodzaza masika. Njira zofananira zimagwiritsidwabe ntchito pamitundu ina yamagalimoto, koma nthawi zambiri zimapezeka m'makirane. Chifukwa cha ichi ndikumatha kupirira katundu wolemera kwambiri.

Pulagi yophatikizira idayikidwa pafupi ndi maziko ake. Ma disc a friction akutsogolera, ndipo omwe amayendetsedwa amapukutidwa, ndipo amatha kuzungulira mozungulira. Makhalidwe azinthu izi ndi monga:

• Kukula kwakukulu;
• Kupanda kukangana kapena zida za abrasive (m'mitundu yambiri);
• Kamangidwe amalola kuchepetsa Kutentha pa ntchito chipangizo;
• Ngati mugwiritsa ntchito analogue ya kukangana, mutha kuwonjezera mphamvu ya makokedwe.

Mitundu yokhala ndi ma reel angapo

Nthawi zambiri mumatha kupeza zotsekemera zotetezedwa, zomwe zimaphatikizapo ng'oma zingapo. Ubwino wa chipangizochi ndi monga kutsika kwambiri, kutsindika kwambiri, komanso kuthana ndi katundu wolemera. Mukusintha uku, zokutira sizimagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri.

Zithunzi zokhala ndi ma drum angapo zimagwiritsa ntchito zida zazikulu za pinion, pomwe mitundu ina imagwiritsa ntchito zikhomo zolimbirana ndi chikwangwani chachiwiri. Pulagi yolumikiza ili kutsogolo kwa chipangizocho.

Zosinthazi sizigwiritsidwe ntchito poyendetsa, chifukwa zimalumikizana pang'onopang'ono. Opanga angapo apanga mitundu ya ma drum angapo omwe amagwiritsa ntchito disc yotulutsa. Pojambula izi, tsinde ndilopingasa ndipo zala ndizochepa.

Zosinthazi ndizabwino kwambiri. Ng'oma zimangoyenda mbali imodzi. Diski yoyendetsa imatha kupezeka patsogolo pa mbale yotulutsira kapena kumbuyo kwake.

Kutulutsa

Kusinthaku kumangogwiritsidwa ntchito pakakhungu. Nthawi zina amatha kukhazikitsidwa mu sitima yoyendetsa. Amagwiritsa ntchito akasupe otulutsira, pomwe zikhomo zimamangiriridwa, ndipo mkati mwake mumatha kukhala magawo angapo. Mbale iliyonse ya makinayo imakhala yopingasa, ndipo bushing imayikidwa pakati pa magawowo (kuphatikiza apo, imakhala ngati chonyowa).

Chosavuta pakasinthidwe kameneka ndi kupsinjika kofooka kwama disc. Kusinthasintha kwamphamvu kwa shaft sikuyenera kuloledwa. Pazifukwa izi, zida zomwe zili mgululi sizigwiritsidwa ntchito poyendetsa.

Flanged

Ubwino waziphatikizi za flange ndikuti ng'oma siinatope kwambiri mwa iwo. Zimbale ndi atathana kumbuyo pachithandara ndi. Magawo mkati mwazogulitsazo ndi ochepa. Kuti chikombole chikhoze kukhala pamalo amodzi, chimakhazikika ndi mbale zapadera. Nthawi zambiri, akasupe aziphatikizidwe zotere amaikidwa pansi pa nyumbayi. Zosintha zina zimatha kuphatikizidwa ndi kuyendetsa. Shaft yoyendetsa imagwirizanitsidwa ndi chipangizocho ndi pulagi. Nthawi zina pamakhala zosankha zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito disc. Njirayi ndi yaying'ono kukula, ndipo thupi limapangidwa ngati kondomu.

Ma coupons a Flange ndiosavuta kukhazikitsa ndikusamalira. Zoterezi zimakhala ndi moyo wautali ndikugwiranso ntchito. Ngakhale kuchuluka kwa zida zotere, sizimayikidwa nthawi zonse.

Yotchulidwa

Kusinthidwa kwa ma coupling kungagwiritsidwe ntchito poyendetsa ndi mphamvu zosiyanasiyana. Kapangidwe ka makinawa kamagwiritsa ntchito magawano ambiri (mwina pamakhala zochepa) ndi zala zazifupi. Zimbale zili m'munsi mwa mbale. Thupi la chipangizochi limatha kukula mosiyanasiyana, kutengera kukula kwa zinthu zawo. Zikhomo zolimbitsa zimayikidwa patsogolo pa chikombole.

Kutenga mphamvu ndi chida choterocho kumadalira kukula kwa ng'anjoyo. Nthawi zambiri, khoma lake limakhala lotambalala. M'mbali mwake simumakhudzana ndi ma disc chifukwa chakuthwa komanso kugwiritsa ntchito zingwe.

Cam

Maphatikizidwe amtunduwu amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamakina opanga mafakitale. Zosintha zambiri zimatha kuthana ndi katundu wolemera, koma izi zimadalira kukula kwa ng'anjoyo. Pali mitundu momwe ng'oma imakhazikikidwira ndi magawano, ndipo mbale zitha kukhalanso momwe zimapangidwira. Kusungitsa ziwalozo palimodzi, thupi limapangidwa ngati chulu.

Zosintha zofala kwambiri ndizofinya zimbale. Poterepa, ng'oma idzakhala yaying'ono. Foloko pachitsanzo ichi imalumikizidwa ndi ndodo. Mitundu ina yamagulu imagwiritsa ntchito mitundu iyi yolumikizira. Kukonzekera kwa zikhomo (zing'onozing'ono zimagwiritsidwa ntchito) kumatha kuchitika pafupi ndi tsinde la magawowo. Ubwino wa mitundu iyi yolumikizira ndikuti ng'oma yoyendetsedwa sichimatha.

Mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito kusinthidwa kotere ndi iyi:

• Galimoto ikayambitsidwa, makamu omwe ali mgawo limodzi lolumikizana amalowa mkati mwa theka lina lolumikizirana. Kulumikizana kwa zinthu ziwirizi ndikosakhazikika;
• Gawo logwiralo limayenda mozungulira pogwiritsa ntchito kulumikizana kwa spline (m'malo mwa spline, chinthu china chowongolera chitha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito);
• Gawo losunthira locheperako la makina liyenera kukhazikitsidwa pa shaft yoyendetsedwa.

Pali zosintha momwe ma cam amakhala amakona atatu, trapezoidal komanso amakona anayi. Makamu amapangidwa ndi chitsulo cholimba kuti athe kupirira katundu wolemera. Nthawi zina, mawonekedwe asymmetrical atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito.

Zosankha zoyendetsa

Pazoyendetsa, zida zingapo zama mbale zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito ng'oma imodzi kapena zingapo. M'masulidwe awa, tsinde ndiloyenera kukwera pa shaft yaying'ono. Ng'oma yayikidwa bwino. Zambiri mwazi zimagwiritsa ntchito zotayidwa (kapena ma alloys). Komanso, makina oterewa atha kukhala ndi zinthu zodzaza masika.

Mwachiwonekere, clutch yoyendetsa imakhala ndi ma disc awiri okukulitsa, pomwe mbale imayikidwa. Chitsamba chimamangiriridwa kuseri kwa ndodo ya chipangizocho. Kuti ng'oma isathe msanga, kapangidwe kake kandalama kamapereka mwayi wopezeka.

Mitundu yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pamakonzedwe amphamvu imakhala ndi mawonekedwe osiyana pang'ono. Gawo limayikidwa pafupi ndi disk yofinya, ndipo ng'oma yoyendetsedwa imayikidwa pachitetezo chachikulu. Akasupe akhoza kukhala ndi zida zomangira. Foloko yakhazikika kumunsi. Thupi la zosintha zina zasinthidwa. Zipangizo zamagetsi zitha kuphatikizira mbale zing'onozing'ono zogwirira ntchito.

Chala chamanja

Kuphatikizana kwa zala zazing'ono kumakhalanso kofala. Iwo ntchito pomanga njira zosiyanasiyana. Makhalidwe a kusinthaku akuphatikizapo zinthu izi:

• Nthawi zambiri, izi zimapangidwa molingana ndi miyezo ina, kuti musankhe mtundu woyenera wa kayendedwe kena;
• Mukamapanga makinawa, mutha kutsitsa njira zingapo pazithunzi kuchokera pa intaneti;
• Zipangizo zosiyanasiyana zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kutengera cholinga cholumikizira.

Nthawi zambiri, mitundu iyi yolumikizira imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati fyuzi.

Mikangano

Mikwingwirima imagwiritsidwa ntchito munjira zomwe kuyendetsa bwino kwa makokedwe kuyenera kutsimikiziridwa, mosasamala kanthu kayendedwe kakuzungulira kwamayendedwe oyendetsa ndi oyendetsa. Komanso, kusinthaku kumatha kugwira ntchito pansi pa katundu. Chodziwika bwino cha magwiridwe antchito chimakhala mu mphamvu yayikulu yotsutsana, yomwe imatsimikizira kuthekera kwakukulu kotheka.

Makhalidwe azinthu zosemphana ndi izi ndi izi:

• Palibe katundu wododometsa, popeza kutengapo mbali kumachitika bwino ndikuterera mukalumikiza ma disc. Ili ndiye phindu lofunikira pakusintha uku;
• Chifukwa cha kuthamanga kwakukulu kwa ma disc pakati pawo, kuterera kumachepetsedwa, ndipo mphamvu yotsutsana imakula. Izi zimabweretsa kuwonjezeka kwa makokedwe pagawo loyendetsedwa mpaka momwe kusinthaku kwa shafts kumafanana;
• Kuthamanga kwazungulira kwa shaft yoyendetsedwa kumatha kusinthidwa pogwiritsa ntchito kukakamiza kwama disc.

Ngakhale zili ndi maubwino awa, mikangano yolumikizana imakhalanso ndi zovuta zina. Chimodzi mwazinthuzi ndizowonjezereka kwa mawonekedwe azipikisano zama disc. Kuphatikiza apo, pamene mkangano ukuwonjezeka, ma disc amatha kutentha kwambiri.

Ubwino ndi kuipa

Ubwino wamagulu angapo amaphatikizira:

• Makulidwe oyeserera;
• Chigawo chomwecho, momwe kulumikizira koteroko kumagwiritsidwira ntchito, kudzakhalanso kocheperako;
• Palibe chifukwa chokhazikitsira chimbale chachikulu kuti muwonjezere makokedwe. Pachifukwa ichi, opanga amagwiritsa ntchito kapangidwe kakang'ono kwambiri ndi ma disc angapo. Chifukwa cha ichi, ndi kukula kocheperako, chipangizocho chimatha kupatsira chizindikiritso chabwino cha makokedwe;
• Mphamvu imaperekedwa ku shaft yoyendetsa bwino, popanda kugwedezeka;
• Ndikothekanso kulumikiza migodi iwiri mundege yomweyo (kulumikizana kwa coaxial).

Koma chipangizochi chilinso ndi zovuta zina. Malo ofooka pamapangidwe awa ndi mawonekedwe aziphuphu za ma disc, omwe amatha nthawi yayitali kuchokera kuzinthu zachilengedwe. Koma ngati dalaivala ali ndi chizolowezi chomangokakamira kukankhira mafuta poyendetsa galimoto kapena pamalo osakhazikika, ndiye kuti zowalamulira (ngati zotumizirazo zili nazo) zidzatha msanga.

Ponena za mitundu yonyowa ya ma clutches, kukhuthala kwamafuta kumakhudza mwachindunji kukangana pakati pama disc - kukhathamira kwamafuta, kulumikizana kumakulirakulira. Pachifukwa ichi, mu njira zokhala ndi zotengera zingapo, pamafunika kusintha mafuta munthawi yake.

Lumikiza ntchito

Mikwingwirima ingapo ingagwiritsidwe ntchito pamagalimoto osiyanasiyana. Nayi njira ndi mayunitsi omwe atha kukhala ndi chida ichi:

• M'mabasiketi omata (izi ndizosintha mosiyanasiyana momwe mulibe chosinthira makokedwe);
• Makinawa kufala - mu wagawo, zowalamulira ndi kupatsira makokedwe kwa zida mapulaneti;
• M'mabokosi opanga ma robotic. Ngakhale sikugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwapadera kwa mbale zingapo pano, zowalamulira ziwiri zowuma kapena zamvula zimagwiranso ntchito chimodzimodzi (kuti mumve zambiri zama bokosi oyikiratu, werengani m'nkhani ina);
• M'mayendedwe oyendetsa onse. Mipikisano mbale zowalamulira waikidwa mu nkhani kutengerapo. Poterepa, makinawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chiwonetsero chazithunzi zapakatikati (kuti mumve zambiri chifukwa chake chipangizochi chitha kutsekedwa, werengani payokha). Pakukonzekera uku, njira yolumikizira cholumikizira chachiwiri imakhala yocheperako kusiyana ndi loko;
• Mu zosintha zina za masiyanidwe. Ngati makina angapo ogwiritsira ntchito amagwiritsidwa ntchito munjira yotere, ndiye kuti imapereka kutsekedwa kwathunthu kapena pang'ono kwa chipangizocho.

Chifukwa chake, ngakhale kuti zida zachikale zikusinthidwa pang'onopang'ono ndi ma hydraulic, magetsi kapena ma pneumatic analogs, m'malo ambiri sizotheka kuchotsa kupezeka kwa ziwalo zomwe zimagwira ntchito potengera malamulo achilengedwe, mwachitsanzo, mphamvu yotsutsana . Kutsekemera kwamitundu yambiri ndi umboni wa izi. Chifukwa cha kapangidwe kake kosavuta, ikufunikabe m'magulu ambiri, ndipo nthawi zina imalowetsa zida zovuta kwambiri.

Ngakhale kuti zinthu izi nthawi zonse zimafunikira kukonza kapena kuzisintha, opanga sangazisinthe ndi zina zabwino. Chokhacho omwe mainjiniya adachita ndikupanga zida zina zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mankhwalawa asavute.

Pamapeto pa kuwunikaku, timapereka kanema wachidule wokhudza mikangano:

Mikangano imagwira

Kukonza zokokerana

Malingana ndi kusinthidwa ndi cholinga cha friction clutch, ikhoza kukonzedwa m'malo mogula yatsopano. Ngati wopanga chipangizocho wapereka mwayi wotero, ndiye choyamba ndikofunikira kuchotsa wosanjikiza wowonongeka. Itha kukhazikitsidwa ku gawo lapansi pogwiritsa ntchito ma rivets kapena epoxies. Pambuyo pakutha, pamwamba pa mazikowo ayenera kutsukidwa bwino ndi zotsalira za guluu kapena mchenga ngati pali ma burrs pamenepo.

Popeza kuvala kwa zinthu zokangana kumachitika chifukwa cha kutsetsereka kwa kugwirizana ndi khama lalikulu, zingakhale zothandiza kwambiri kuti musakhazikitse chinsalu chatsopano pogwiritsa ntchito ma rivets, koma kuti mulumikize ku maziko achitsulo a kugwirizana ndi zipangizo za epoxy zomwe zimapangidwira. ntchito pa kutentha kwambiri.

Ngati mumangiriza zinthu zotsutsana ndi ma rivets, pamene wosanjikiza uku akutha, ma rivets amatha kumamatira pazitsulo zogwirira ntchito pa disk yolumikizidwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kuti muthane ndi vutoli, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito guluu wa VS-UT. Zomatirazi zimapangidwa ndi ma resins opangidwa ndi organic solvents.

Filimu ya zomatira izi zimapereka chitetezo chokhazikika cha zinthu zotsutsana ndi zitsulo. Kanemayo ndi refractory, osati kuwonongedwa chifukwa cha kukhudzana ndi madzi, kutentha otsika ndi mankhwala mafuta.

Pambuyo pokonza clutch, muyenera kuonetsetsa kuti kusanja kwachitsulo kudzalumikizana kwathunthu ndi malo ogwirira ntchito a chitsulo chachitsulo. Pachifukwa ichi, kutsogolera kofiira kumagwiritsidwa ntchito - utoto wa lalanje. Malo olumikizirana nawo ayenera kugwirizana kwathunthu ndi gawo la clutch friction element. Ngati, panthawi yogwira ntchito, chinthu chovuta kwambiri kapena chowonongeka chinawononga pamwamba pa disk pressure (zikanda, ma burrs, ndi zina zotero), kuwonjezera pa kukonzanso pad friction, malo ogwirira ntchito ayeneranso kukhala mchenga. Kupanda kutero, mikanganoyo imatha msanga.

Mafunso ndi Mayankho:

Kodi friction clutch ndi chiyani? Chinthu choterocho chimapereka njira ziwiri zogwiritsira ntchito ma disks omwe ali ndi mikangano komanso yosalala. Chitsanzo chapamwamba cha kugwirizana koteroko ndi dengu la clutch.

Kodi clutch ya disc imagwira ntchito bwanji? Shaft yoyendetsa yokhala ndi diski yayikulu imazungulira, ma diski / ma disc oyendetsedwa amapanikizidwa ndi kasupe wamphamvu. Kugwedezeka pamwamba, chifukwa cha mphamvu yothamanga, kumatsimikizira kusamutsa kwa torque kuchokera pa disc kupita ku gearbox.

Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani pamene chipwirikiti chachitsulo chikugwirana? Chiwombankhanga chikagwira ntchito, chimatenga mphamvu zamakina (torque) ndikuzipititsa ku gawo lotsatira la makinawo. Izi zimatulutsa mphamvu ya kutentha.

Kodi multiplate friction clutch ndi chiyani? Uku ndikusinthidwa kwa makina, cholinga chake ndikutumiza torque. Makinawa ali ndi paketi ya ma diski (gulu limodzi ndi chitsulo, ndipo linalo ndi frictional), lomwe limakanizidwa mwamphamvu wina ndi mnzake.