Chipangizo ndi mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito kompresa wopopera

Air conditioner yamagalimoto ndi njira yovuta komanso yokwera mtengo. Amapereka kuziziritsa kwa mpweya m'chipinda chokwera, kotero kuwonongeka kwake, makamaka m'chilimwe, kumayambitsa zovuta zambiri kwa madalaivala. Chofunikira kwambiri mu makina owongolera mpweya ndi kompresa ya air conditioning. Tiyeni tione mwatsatanetsatane dongosolo lake ndi mfundo ntchito.

Kodi zoziziritsira mpweya zimagwira ntchito bwanji mgalimoto?

N'zovuta kulingalira kompresa kudzipatula ku dongosolo lonse, choncho, choyamba, tikambirana mwachidule mfundo ntchito dongosolo mpweya. Chipangizo cha chowongolera mpweya chagalimoto sichimasiyana ndi zida zamafiriji kapena zoziziritsa kukhosi. Ndi dongosolo lotsekedwa ndi mizere refrigerant. Imazungulira kudzera mu dongosolo, kuyamwa ndi kutulutsa kutentha.

Compressor imagwira ntchito yayikulu: imayang'anira kuyendayenda mufiriji kudzera mu dongosolo ndikuigawa m'mabwalo apamwamba komanso otsika. Refrigerant yotentha kwambiri mu mpweya wa mpweya komanso pansi pa kupanikizika kwambiri imachokera ku supercharger kupita ku condenser. Kenako imasanduka madzi ndikudutsa mu chowumitsira madzi, momwe madzi ndi zonyansa zazing'ono zimatulukamo. Kenaka, refrigerant imalowa mu valve yowonjezera ndi evaporator, yomwe ndi radiator yaying'ono. Pali throttling wa refrigerant, limodzi ndi kumasulidwa kwa kuthamanga ndi kuchepa kwa kutentha. Madziwo amasandulika kukhala mpweya, amazizira ndi kusungunuka. Wokupiza amayendetsa mpweya woziziritsa kulowa mkati mwagalimoto. Kuphatikiza apo, chinthu chomwe chili kale ndi mpweya wokhala ndi kutentha kochepa chimabwereranso ku kompresa. Kuzungulira kumabwereza kachiwiri. Mbali ya dongosolo ndi refrigerant otentha ndi wa mkulu kuthamanga zone, ndi ozizira mbali otsika kuthamanga zone.

Mitundu, chipangizo ndi mfundo ntchito kompresa

Compressor ndi mpweya wabwino wosasunthika. Imayamba ntchito yake mutatsegula batani la air conditioner m'galimoto. Chipangizocho chimakhala ndi cholumikizira lamba wokhazikika ku mota (drive) kudzera pa clutch yamagetsi, yomwe imalola kuyikako kuyambika pakafunika.

Supercharger imakoka mufiriji wa mpweya kuchokera kumalo otsika kwambiri. Kuonjezera apo, chifukwa cha kuponderezedwa, kupanikizika ndi kutentha kwa firiji kumawonjezeka. Izi ndizomwe zimafunikira pakukulitsa kwake komanso kuzizira kwina mu valavu yowonjezera ndi evaporator. Mafuta apadera amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuonjezera moyo wautumiki wa zigawo za compressor. Mbali ina imakhalabe mu supercharger, pamene gawo lina limayenda kudzera mu dongosolo. Compressor ili ndi valavu yotetezera yomwe imateteza chipangizocho kupsinjika kwambiri.

Pali mitundu iyi ya ma compressor pamakina owongolera mpweya:

• pistoni ya axial;
• pisitoni ya axial yokhala ndi mbale yozungulira;
• masamba (ozungulira);
• wozungulira.

Zofala kwambiri ndi ma axial-piston ndi ma axial-piston supercharger okhala ndi disc yozungulira yozungulira. Iyi ndiyo njira yosavuta komanso yodalirika ya chipangizocho.

Axial piston supercharger

Mtsinje wa compressor drive umayendetsa mbale ya swash, yomwe imapanganso kayendedwe ka pistoni mu masilinda. Ma pistoni amasuntha molingana ndi shaft. Chiwerengero cha pistoni chikhoza kusiyana malinga ndi chitsanzo ndi mapangidwe. Pakhoza kukhala kuyambira 3 mpaka 10. Choncho, luso la ntchito limapangidwa. Mavavu amatsegula ndi kutseka. Refrigerant imayamwa ndikutulutsidwa.

Mphamvu ya mpweya wofewetsa zimadalira pazipita kompresa liwiro. Kuchita bwino nthawi zambiri kumadalira liwiro la injini. Kuthamanga kwa mafani kumayambira 0 mpaka 6 rpm.

Kuchotsa kudalira kwa compressor pa liwiro la injini, ma compressor okhala ndi kusamuka kosiyana amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Izi zimatheka pogwiritsa ntchito mbale yozungulira. Mbali ya kupendekera kwa disc imasinthidwa ndi akasupe, omwe amasintha magwiridwe antchito a mpweya wonse. Pa ma axial disc compressor okhazikika, kuwongolera kumatheka pochotsa ndikuyambiranso clutch yamagetsi.

Drive ndi electromagnetic clutch

Ma electromagnetic clutch amapereka kulumikizana pakati pa injini yothamanga ndi kompresa pomwe choziziritsa chayatsidwa. Clutch ili ndi zigawo zotsatirazi:

• lamba pulley pa kubala;
• magetsi amagetsi;
• masika odzaza chimbale ndi hub.

Galimoto imayendetsa pulley pogwiritsa ntchito lamba. Diski yodzaza masika imalumikizidwa ndi shaft yoyendetsa, ndipo coil ya solenoid imalumikizidwa ndi nyumba ya supercharger. Pali kusiyana kochepa pakati pa disc ndi pulley. Mpweya wozizira ukayatsidwa, koyilo ya electromagnetic imapanga mphamvu yamaginito. Diski yodzaza kasupe ndi pulley yozungulira imalumikizidwa. Compressor imayamba. Mpweya wozizira ukazimitsidwa, akasupe amasuntha diski kutali ndi pulley.

Zotheka zotheka ndi njira zotsekera kompresa

Monga tanenera kale, zoziziritsa kukhosi mu galimoto ndi dongosolo zovuta ndi mtengo. "Mtima" wake ndi kompresa. Kuwonongeka kokhazikika kwa mpweya wozizira kumalumikizidwa ndi chinthu ichi. Mavuto angakhale:

• kusagwira ntchito kwa ma electromagnetic clutch;
• kulephera kwa minyewa ya minyewa;
• kutayikira kwa refrigerant;
• fuse wowombedwa.

Chovala cha pulley chimakhala chodzaza kwambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri chimalephera. Izi ndichifukwa cha ntchito yake yosalekeza. Kuwonongeka kungadziwike ndi phokoso lachilendo.

Ndi kompresa ya air conditioning yomwe imagwira ntchito zambiri zamakina mu air conditioning system, choncho nthawi zambiri imalephera. Izi zimathandizidwanso ndi misewu yoyipa, kuwonongeka kwa zinthu zina, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito molakwika zida zamagetsi. Kukonza kudzafuna chidziwitso chapadera ndi luso. Ndibwino kulumikizana ndi malo othandizira.

Palinso mitundu ina yomwe compressor imazimitsidwa, yoperekedwa ndi dongosolo:

• kutsika kwambiri (pamwamba pa 3 MPa) kapena kutsika (pansi pa 0,1 MPa) kukakamiza mkati mwa supercharger ndi mizere (yowonetsedwa ndi masensa opanikizika, zikhalidwe zolowera zimatha kusiyana kutengera wopanga);
• kutentha kwa mpweya wochepa kunja;
• kutentha kozizira kwambiri (kupitirira 105˚C);
• kutentha kwa evaporator kumakhala kochepa kuposa 3˚C;
• throttle kutsegula kuposa 85%.

Kuti mudziwe bwino chomwe chimayambitsa vutolo, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito scanner yapadera kapena kulumikizana ndi malo othandizira kuti muzindikire.