Buluu wamakani
Glucose ndi mankhwala omwe amafalitsidwa kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi zamoyo. Akuti zomera zimatulutsa matani pafupifupi 100 biliyoni pachaka kudzera mu photosynthesis!
Mamolekyu a shuga ndi gawo lazinthu zambiri, monga sucrose, wowuma, mapadi. Glucose mumadzimadzi amadzimadzi ali mu mawonekedwe a mphete (ma isomers awiri amasiyana mu kasinthidwe) ndi kaphatikizidwe kakang'ono ka mawonekedwe a unyolo. Mitundu yonse ya mphete imasinthidwa kudzera mu mawonekedwe a unyolo - chodabwitsa ichi chimatchedwa kusintha (kuyambira lat. Kusintha = kusintha).
Pakufanana, zomwe zili mumitundu yonse ya molekyulu ya glucose ndi motere (pomveka bwino, maatomu a kaboni okhala ndi nambala yofananira ya maatomu a haidrojeni amasiyidwa pamgwirizano wa ma bond):
Zomwe zili mu mawonekedwe a unyolo zimayambitsa mawonekedwe a shuga (atatha kumwa, amabwezeretsedwa kuchokera kumitundu ya mphete), mwachitsanzo, mayeso a Trommer ndi Tollens. Koma si mitundu yokhayo yochititsa chidwi imeneyi.
Mukuyesera tidzagwiritsa ntchito shuga, sodium hydroxide, NaOH ndi utoto wa buluu wa methylene (chithunzi 1), yogwiritsidwa ntchito, mwa zina, monga kukonzekera kwa aquarium. Onjezani yankho la NaOH (chithunzi 2) wosakanikirana womwewo ndi madontho angapo a utoto (chithunzi 3). Zomwe zili mu botolo zimasanduka buluu (chithunzi 4), koma zimatha msanga (chithunzi 5 ndi 6). Pambuyo kugwedezeka, yankho limasanduka buluu kachiwiri (chithunzi 7 ndi 8), kenako kusinthikanso pakapita kanthawi. Njirayi ikhoza kubwerezedwa kangapo.
Zimachitika panthawi yoyesera makutidwe ndi okosijeni wa glucose kukhala gluconic acid (gulu la aldehyde la mawonekedwe a unyolo -CHO amasandulika kukhala gulu la carboxyl -COOH), makamaka, kukhala mchere wa sodium wa asidi awa, womwe umapangidwa mumchere wamchere wamchere. Glucose oxidation imapangidwa ndi methylene buluu, mawonekedwe ake oxidized omwe amapangidwa ndi okosijeni kuchokera ku mawonekedwe ochepetsedwa (leukoprinciples, gr. khansa ya m'magazi = zoyera), zimasiyana mtundu:
Ndondomeko yamakono ikhoza kuimiridwa motere:
Gluconic + oxidized mawonekedwe a utoto ® gluconic acid + mawonekedwe ochepetsedwa a utoto
Zomwe zili pamwambazi ndizomwe zimayambitsa kutayika kwa mtundu wa buluu wa yankho. Pambuyo pogwedeza zomwe zili mu botolo, mpweya wosungunuka m'madzi mu mpweya umatulutsa mawonekedwe ochepetsedwa a utoto, chifukwa chake mtundu wa buluu umawonekeranso. Njirayi imabwerezedwa mpaka glucose watha. Chifukwa chake, methylene buluu imakhala ngati chothandizira zomwe zimachitika.
Onerani zomwe zachitika muvidiyoyi:
