Kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda popanda kuwononga chakudya

Kaŵirikaŵiri, mawailesi ofalitsa nkhani amanjenjemera ndi nkhani zochititsa manyazi za chakudya choipitsidwa. Anthu zikwizikwi m’maiko otukuka amadwala akadya zakudya zoipitsidwa, zowonongeka kapena zowonongeka. Chiwerengero cha zinthu zomwe zachotsedwa pakugulitsa chikukulirakulirabe.

Mndandanda wazomwe zimawopseza chitetezo cha chakudya, komanso kwa anthu omwe amazidya, ndi wautali kwambiri kuposa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda odziwika bwino monga salmonella, noroviruses, kapena omwe ali ndi mbiri yoipa kwambiri.

Ngakhale kuti m’mafakitale muli tcheru komanso kugwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana zotetezera chakudya, monga kuchiza kutentha ndi kuyatsa, anthu akupitirizabe kudwala ndi kufa chifukwa cha zakudya zoipitsidwa ndi zosapatsa thanzi.

Vuto ndilopeza njira zowopsa zomwe zingaphe tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndikusungabe kukoma ndi zakudya. Izi sizophweka, chifukwa njira zambiri zophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda zimakonda kusokoneza manambalawa, kuwononga mavitamini, kapena kusintha kapangidwe ka chakudya. M'mawu ena, otentha letesi akhoza kusunga izo, koma zophikira zotsatira adzakhala osauka.

Madzi a m'magazi ozizira komanso kuthamanga kwambiri

Mwa njira zambiri zochepetsera chakudya, kuchokera ku ma microwave kupita ku radiation ya ultraviolet ndi ozoni, njira ziwiri zatsopano zamaukadaulo ndizosangalatsa kwambiri: madzi a m'magazi ozizira ndi kukonza kwamphamvu kwambiri. Ngakhalenso sizingathetse mavuto onse, koma zonsezi zingathandize kukonza chitetezo cha chakudya. Pakafukufuku wina yemwe adachitika ku Germany mu 2010, asayansi azakudya adatha kuthetsa zoposa 20% za mitundu ina yomwe imayambitsa poizoni wazakudya mkati mwa masekondi 99,99 mutagwiritsa ntchito madzi ozizira a plasma.

plasma ozizira ndi chinthu chogwira ntchito kwambiri chopangidwa ndi ma photons, ma electron aulere ndi ma atomu opangidwa ndi ma molekyulu omwe amatha kulepheretsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Zomwe zimachitika m'madzi a m'magazi zimapanganso mphamvu ngati kuwala kwa ultraviolet, kuwononga DNA ya tizilombo tating'onoting'ono.

Kugwiritsa ntchito plasma yozizira

High kuthamanga processing (HPP) ndi njira yamakina yomwe imayika chiwopsezo chachikulu pazakudya. Komabe, imasungabe kukoma kwake komanso zakudya zake, chifukwa chake asayansi amawona kuti ndi njira yabwino yothanirana ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono muzakudya zopanda chinyezi, nyama, ngakhale masamba. HPS kwenikweni ndi lingaliro lachikale. Bert Holmes Hite, wofufuza zaulimi, adanena za kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwake koyambirira mu 1899 pamene akufunafuna njira zochepetsera kuwonongeka kwa mkaka wa ng'ombe. Komabe, m’nthawi yake, kuikako mafakitole opangira magetsi opangira magetsi kumadzi kunali kovutirapo komanso kodula kwambiri.

Asayansi samamvetsetsa bwino momwe HPP imalepheretsa mabakiteriya ndi ma virus ndikusiya chakudya osakhudzidwa. Amadziwa kuti njirayi imalimbana ndi zomangira zofooka zamankhwala zomwe zimatha kukhala zofunikira kwambiri pakugwira ntchito kwa ma enzymes a bakiteriya ndi mapuloteni ena. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, HPP imakhala ndi zotsatira zochepa pa ma covalent bonds, kotero kuti mankhwala omwe amakhudza mtundu, kukoma, ndi thanzi la chakudya amakhalabe osakhudzidwa. Ndipo popeza kuti makoma a maselo a zomera ndi amphamvu kuposa ma nembanemba a ma cell a tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, amawoneka kuti amatha kupirira kuthamanga kwambiri.

Kuwonongeka kwa ma cell a tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi kukanikiza njira

M'zaka zaposachedwapa, otchedwa "zotchinga" njira Lothar Leistner, yemwe amaphatikiza njira zambiri zaukhondo kuti aphe tizilombo toyambitsa matenda momwe tingathere.

kuphatikiza kusamalira zinyalala

Malinga ndi kunena kwa asayansi, njira yosavuta yotsimikizira kuti chakudya chili chotetezeka ndi kuonetsetsa kuti ndi choyera, chabwino komanso chodziwika bwino. Maunyolo akuluakulu ogulitsa monga Walmart ku US ndi Carrefour ku Europe akhala akugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa blockchain () kuphatikiza masensa ndi ma code scanned kuti athe kuwongolera njira yobweretsera, chiyambi ndi mtundu wa chakudya kwakanthawi. Njirazi zingathandizenso pankhondo yochepetsa kuwononga chakudya. Malinga ndi lipoti la Boston Consulting Group (BCG), pafupifupi matani 1,6 biliyoni a chakudya amawonongeka padziko lonse lapansi chaka chilichonse, ndipo ngati palibe chomwe chachitika, chiwerengerochi chikhoza kukwera kufika pa 2030 biliyoni pofika chaka cha 2,1. Zinyalala zimakhalapo panthawi yonseyi: kuchokera ku zomera. kupanga kupanga ndi kusungirako, kukonza ndi kuyika, kugawa ndi kugulitsa, ndipo potsiriza kuyambiranso pamlingo waukulu pamapeto ogwiritsira ntchito. Kumenyera chitetezo cha chakudya mwachibadwa kumabweretsa kuchepetsa zinyalala. Ndiponsotu, chakudya chimene sichikuwonongeka ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timaponyedwa kunja pang'ono.

Kukula kwa kuwonongeka kwa chakudya padziko lapansi

Njira zakale ndi zatsopano zomenyera chakudya chotetezeka

• Chithandizo cha kutentha - gululi limaphatikizapo njira zogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, mwachitsanzo, pasteurization, i.e. kuwonongeka kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi mapuloteni. Kuipa kwawo ndikuti amachepetsa kukoma ndi zakudya zamtengo wapatali, komanso kuti kutentha kwakukulu sikuwononga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
• Irradiation ndi njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'makampani azakudya kuti iwunikire chakudya ku ma elekitironi, x-ray kapena gamma ray yomwe imawononga DNA, RNA kapena zinthu zina zovulaza zamoyo. Vuto ndiloti kuipitsa sikungathe kuchotsedwa. Palinso nkhawa zambiri zokhuza kuchuluka kwa ma radiation omwe ogwira ntchito pazakudya ndi ogula ayenera kudya.
• Kugwiritsa ntchito zovuta kwambiri - njira iyi imalepheretsa kupanga mapuloteni owopsa kapena kuwononga ma cell a ma virus. Ndizoyenerana ndi zinthu zomwe zili ndi madzi otsika ndipo siziwononga zinthuzo. The kuipa ndi mkulu unsembe ndalama ndi zotheka kuwononga kwambiri wosakhwima minofu chakudya. Njira imeneyinso sikupha tizilombo ta bakiteriya.
• Cold plasma ndi teknoloji yomwe ikupangidwa, mfundo yomwe sinafotokozedwe mokwanira. Zimaganiziridwa kuti zogwira mtima za okosijeni zimapangidwa m'njirazi, zomwe zimawononga maselo a tizilombo.
• Ma radiation a UV ndi njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'makampani omwe amawononga DNA ndi RNA za tinthu zowopsa. Kuwala kwa ultraviolet kwapezeka kuti n'koyenera kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tiyambe kugwira ntchito. Zoyipa zake ndi izi: Kutentha kwa zinthu zomwe zimapangidwira nthawi yayitali, komanso nkhawa za thanzi la ogwira ntchito m'mabizinesi am'mafakitale omwe cheza cha UV chimagwiritsidwa ntchito.
• Ozonation, mtundu wa allotropic wa okosijeni wamadzimadzi kapena mpweya, ndi njira yabwino yophera bakiteriya yomwe imawononga ma cell ndi zinthu zina zamoyo. Tsoka ilo, makutidwe ndi okosijeni amatha kuwononga chakudya. Kuwonjezera apo, sikophweka kulamulira kufanana kwa ndondomeko yonseyi.
• Oxidation ndi mankhwala (mwachitsanzo, hydrogen peroxide, peracetic acid, chlorine-based compounds) - amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale pakupanga zakudya, amawononga ma cell ndi zinthu zina zamoyo. Ubwino wake ndi kuphweka komanso kutsika mtengo kwa kukhazikitsa. Monga makutidwe ndi okosijeni aliwonse, njirazi zimakhudzanso mtundu wa chakudya. Kuphatikiza apo, zinthu zopangidwa ndi chlorine zimatha kuyambitsa khansa.
• Kugwiritsa ntchito mafunde a wailesi ndi ma microwave - zotsatira za mafunde a wailesi pazakudya ndi nkhani yoyeserera koyambirira, ngakhale ma microwave (mphamvu zazikulu) amagwiritsidwa ntchito kale mu uvuni wa microwave. Njirazi zili mwanjira ina kuphatikiza chithandizo cha kutentha ndi kuyatsa. Ngati atapambana, mafunde a wailesi ndi ma microwave atha kupereka njira zina zopezera chakudya komanso njira zaukhondo.