Ulusi wa carbon wochokera ku zomera
Ulusi wa kaboni wasintha mbali zambiri za moyo wathu monga zomangamanga, kayendetsedwe ka ndege ndi makampani ankhondo. Ndi zamphamvu kuwirikiza kasanu kuposa zitsulo koma zopepuka kwambiri. Iwonso, mwatsoka, ndi okwera mtengo. Gulu la ofufuza ku National Renewable Energy Laboratory ku Colorado lapanga teknoloji yopangira carbon fibers kuchokera kuzinthu zowonjezereka. Chifukwa cha izi, ndizotheka kuchepetsa kwambiri mtengo wawo komanso panthawi imodzimodziyo kuchepetsa mpweya wowonjezera kutentha.
Ulusi wa carbon umadziwika ndi kukhazikika kwakukulu, mphamvu zamakina apamwamba komanso kulemera kochepa. Chifukwa cha zinthuzi, akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga, kuphatikizapo zaka zambiri. ndege, magalimoto ochita masewera, komanso njinga ndi tenisi. Amapezedwa ndi pyrolysis ya ma polima a petroleum (makamaka polyacrylonitrile), yomwe imakhala ndi maola ambiri kutentha kwa ulusi wa polima pa kutentha mpaka 3000 ℃, popanda mpweya komanso kupanikizika kwambiri. Izi zimapatsa mpweya mpweya - palibe chomwe chatsalira koma carbon. Ma atomu a chinthu ichi amapanga mawonekedwe opangidwa ndi hexagonal (ofanana ndi graphite kapena graphene), omwe ali ndi udindo wochititsa chidwi kwambiri wa ulusi wa kaboni.
Anthu aku America sakukonzekera kusintha gawo la pyrolysis palokha. M'malo mwake, akufuna kusintha momwe amapangira zida zawo zazikulu, polyacrylonitrile. Kuphatikizika kwa polima iyi kumafuna acrylonitrile, yomwe imapangidwanso chifukwa cha kukonzedwa kwamafuta osakanizidwa. Asayansi aku Colorado akuganiza zosintha malo ndi zinyalala zamafamu. Shuga wotengedwa ku biomass wotere amafufuzidwa ndi tizilombo tomwe tasankha ndiyeno zinthu zawo zimasinthidwa kukhala acrylonitrile. Kupanga kumapitilirabe monga mwachizolowezi.
Kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zongowonjezwdwanso pochita izi kumathandizira kuchepetsa mpweya wowonjezera kutentha mumlengalenga. Kupezeka kwa polyacrylonitrile pamsika kuchulukiranso, zomwe zipangitsa kuti mitengo yotsika ya ulusi wa kaboni ikhalepo. Zimangotsala pang'ono kuyembekezera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa mafakitale kwa njirayi.
gwero: popsci.com, chithunzi: upload.wikimedia.org
