Timayimba mkati mwa VAZ "XNUMX": zomwe zingatheke ndi zomwe siziri
Malangizo kwa oyendetsa

Timayimba mkati mwa VAZ "XNUMX": zomwe zingatheke ndi zomwe siziri

Vaz 2104 lero siziwoneka kawirikawiri m'misewu, koma izi sizichepetsa kutchuka kwa chitsanzo ichi. Popeza "anayi" sangadzitamande ndi mkati mwabwino komanso chitetezo chokwanira, izi zimapangitsa eni ake ambiri kuganizira za kukonza mkati mwa galimoto yawo kuti apititse patsogolo ergonomics, kukonza mapangidwe ndi ntchito.

Salon VAZ 2104 - kufotokoza

Salon VAZ "zinayi" mu fakitale Baibulo alibe frills ndi frills. Okonzawo analibe ntchito yopangira mkati momasuka ndi wokongola. Chifukwa chake, zida zonse ndi zinthu zimagwira ntchito zomwe wapatsidwa ndipo palibe ngakhale pang'ono njira zothetsera. Cholinga chachikulu chomwe okonza mtunduwu adatsata chinali kupanga galimoto yogwira ntchito kwa anthu okwera komanso onyamula katundu osati chinanso. Popeza Vaz 2104 akadali opareshoni ndi eni ambiri, ndi bwino kuganizira kusintha zotheka mkati mwa galimoto iyi kuti ikhale yokongola komanso yabwino.

Chithunzi chazithunzi: salon VAZ 2104

upholstery

Poyambirira, chitsanzo chachinayi cha Zhiguli chinagwiritsa ntchito upholstery wachikhalidwe ndi nsalu zosavala komanso zikopa zopangira pamipando. Koma ziribe kanthu momwe dalaivala amachitira molemekeza galimotoyo, pakapita nthawi, mapeto ake amatha padzuwa ndipo amakhala osagwiritsidwa ntchito, zomwe zimafuna kuti zilowe m'malo mwake. Masiku ano, zida zodziwika kwambiri za upholstery wamkati ndi:

  • khungu;
  • chosangalatsa
  • alcantara;
  • kapeti;
  • dermatin.
Timayimba mkati mwa VAZ "XNUMX": zomwe zingatheke ndi zomwe siziri
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zida ndi mitundu ya upholstery yamkati idzakwaniritsa mwiniwake ndi kukoma koyengeka kwambiri.

Mpando upholstery

Kuti zinthu zamkati ziphatikizidwe wina ndi mzake, muyenera kusankha pasadakhale zipangizo ndi mitundu. Ndikoyenera kuganizira kuti mitundu ingapo mkati mwake idzapereka yekha. Kutambasula kumakhala ndi izi:

  1. Timachotsa mipando m'galimoto ndikumangitsa zinthu zakale zapakhungu.
    Timayimba mkati mwa VAZ "XNUMX": zomwe zingatheke ndi zomwe siziri
    Timachotsa zitsulo zakale pamipando ndi kumbuyo kwa mipando
  2. Timalekanitsa chivundikirocho mu zidutswa pa seams ndi mpeni kapena lumo.
    Timayimba mkati mwa VAZ "XNUMX": zomwe zingatheke ndi zomwe siziri
    Timagawaniza khungu lakale kukhala zinthu pa seams
  3. Timayika zidutswa zomwe zimachokera pachivundikirocho kupita kuzinthu zatsopano, zisindikize ndikuzizungulira ndi chikhomo kapena choko, kenako kuzidula.
    Timayimba mkati mwa VAZ "XNUMX": zomwe zingatheke ndi zomwe siziri
    Timayika zinthu zapakhungu ndikuzizungulira ndi cholembera pazinthu zatsopano
  4. Timayika guluu mkati mwazinthu ndikukonza mphira wa thovu, kenako timasoka zinthu.
  5. Timamatira seams ndikudula owonjezera.
  6. Timamenya seams ndi nyundo (chikopa kapena leatherette).
  7. Timadutsa ma lapel ndi mzere womaliza.
    Timayimba mkati mwa VAZ "XNUMX": zomwe zingatheke ndi zomwe siziri
    Timasoka zingwe pa makina osokera
  8. Timakoka zophimba mipando zatsopano, kuyambira kumbuyo.

Kanema: kubwezeretsanso mipando ya Zhiguli

Mkati upholstery VAZ 2107

Kukonza zitseko

Kusintha chitseko chepetsa ya VAZ 2104, muyenera dismantle muyezo khomo khadi ndi kupanga gawo latsopano plywood, ndiyeno sheathe ndi zinthu zomaliza. Izi zimachitika motere:

  1. Timachotsa zinthu zonse zapakhomo kuchokera kumalo okwera anthu, ndiyeno upholstery yokha.
    Timayimba mkati mwa VAZ "XNUMX": zomwe zingatheke ndi zomwe siziri
    Chidutswa chakale chimachotsedwa pazitseko kuti apange khadi latsopano
  2. Timayika khadi lachitseko papepala la plywood 4 mm wandiweyani ndikutsata kuzungulira kozungulira ndi chikhomo.
  3. Timadula chogwirira ntchito ndi jigsaw yamagetsi, kenako timakonza m'mphepete mwake ndi sandpaper.
    Timayimba mkati mwa VAZ "XNUMX": zomwe zingatheke ndi zomwe siziri
    Maziko a khadi la pakhomo ndi plywood ya kukula koyenera ndi mawonekedwe
  4. Kuchokera pazinthu zosankhidwa pa makina osokera timapanga khungu.
    Timayimba mkati mwa VAZ "XNUMX": zomwe zingatheke ndi zomwe siziri
    Malinga ndi ma templates omwe aperekedwa, zinthu zomaliza zimapangidwa ndikusokedwa pamodzi
  5. Timamatira mphira wa thovu pa plywood, ndipo pamwamba pake pali zinthu zomaliza. Tisanakhazikitse upholstery yatsopano, timapanga mabowo azinthu zapakhomo.
    Timayimba mkati mwa VAZ "XNUMX": zomwe zingatheke ndi zomwe siziri
    Monga gawo lapansi, mphira wonyezimira wonyezimira amagwiritsidwa ntchito, womwe umamatira ku plywood.
  6. Mangani khadi ndi zokongoletsa mabawuti.

Kanema: Dzichitireni nokha chitseko cha upholstery m'malo

Mzere wa alumali wakumbuyo

Musanayambe kukoka alumali kumbuyo kwa VAZ 2104, tisaiwale kuti mankhwala ali ndi zolakwika ndipo ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo kuti kutambasula bwino sheathing. Kugwira ntchito ndi alumali kumakhala ndi zotsatirazi:

  1. Timachotsa gululo ndikuliyeretsa ku dothi, zomwe zimathandizira kumamatira ndi zinthu zomaliza.
    Timayimba mkati mwa VAZ "XNUMX": zomwe zingatheke ndi zomwe siziri
    Timachotsa shelufu yakumbuyo mgalimoto ndikuyiyeretsa kudothi
  2. Timadula chinthu chofunikira molingana ndi kukula kwa alumali ndi malire m'mphepete.
  3. Timagwiritsira ntchito zomatira zamagulu awiri ku gawo ndi zinthu motsatira malangizo.
  4. Timayika mapeto ndi osalala kuchokera pakati mpaka m'mphepete.
    Timayimba mkati mwa VAZ "XNUMX": zomwe zingatheke ndi zomwe siziri
    Timayika zinthuzo pa alumali ndikuwongolera kuyambira pakati mpaka m'mphepete.
  5. Timasiya shelefu kuti iume kwa tsiku, ndikudula zowonjezera, pambuyo pake timaziyika.
    Timayimba mkati mwa VAZ "XNUMX": zomwe zingatheke ndi zomwe siziri
    Pambuyo kumangitsa, timayika alumali m'malo mwake

Kuyika pansi

Nthawi zambiri pamakhala "Lada", yomwe ili ndi linoleum pansi. Ngati muyang'ana, ndiye kuti nkhaniyi si yoyenera ngati chophimba pansi, chifukwa ngati chinyontho chimalowa pansi pake, chidzakhalapo kwa nthawi yaitali, zomwe zidzayambitsa kuvunda kwa thupi. Linoleum imatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwakanthawi kochepa. Nthawi zambiri, kapeti imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chophimba pansi, chifukwa zinthuzi zimakhala zolimba kwambiri.. Pansi amapangidwa motere:

  1. Timachotsa mipando ndikuchotsa chivundikiro chakale.
  2. Timakonza pansi ndi mastic pogwiritsa ntchito phula.
    Timayimba mkati mwa VAZ "XNUMX": zomwe zingatheke ndi zomwe siziri
    Musanagwiritse ntchito chophimba pansi, ndi zofunika kuti pansi ndi mastic bituminous.
  3. Timakonza chidutswa cha kapeti kuti chigwirizane ndi pansi, kupanga ma cutouts muzinthu.
    Timayimba mkati mwa VAZ "XNUMX": zomwe zingatheke ndi zomwe siziri
    Timakonza kapeti pansi, kudula mabowo m'malo oyenera
  4. Kuti tipatse zinthuzo mawonekedwe, timanyowetsa ndikuzitambasula m'malo oyenera.
  5. Timachotsa kapeti m'kanyumbako kuti tiwume, ndikuyibwezeretsanso.
  6. Pokonza, timagwiritsa ntchito zomangira zokongoletsera kapena zomatira "88". Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuyiyika pamakona.
    Timayimba mkati mwa VAZ "XNUMX": zomwe zingatheke ndi zomwe siziri
    Timakonza kapeti pamakona ndi guluu kapena zomangira zokongoletsera
  7. Timasonkhanitsa zamkati motsatira dongosolo.

Video: kuyika kapeti ya salon pansi pa Zhiguli yapamwamba

Kutsekereza phokoso kwa kanyumba

Pa VAZ 2104, komanso pa Zhiguli zina zapamwamba, palibe kutchinjiriza kwa fakitale. Komabe, lero eni ake ambiri amagalimoto amafuna kuti asamangoyendayenda m'magalimoto awo, komanso kuti azikhala omasuka m'nyumba. Choncho, nkhani ya kutchinjiriza mawu iyenera kuganiziridwa mwatsatanetsatane. Choyamba muyenera kusankha zida ndi zida zomwe mukufuna:

Kutsekereza mawu padenga

Denga la galimotoyo limakonzedwa kuti lichepetse phokoso lakunja panthawi yamvula, komanso kuthetsa kugwedeza.

Kuti pakhale kugwedezeka kwa denga, tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito chinthu chokhala ndi makulidwe osapitilira 2-3 mm ndi kutchinjiriza kwamawu mpaka 5 mm.

Ndondomekoyi imakhala ndi izi:

  1. Timachotsa denga laling'ono.
    Timayimba mkati mwa VAZ "XNUMX": zomwe zingatheke ndi zomwe siziri
    Timachotsa zinthu zomaliza padenga
  2. Ngati denga laikidwa ndi zipangizo zilizonse, chotsani.
  3. Timatsuka pamwamba ndikuchotsa mafuta.
  4. Ngati madera okhala ndi dzimbiri apezeka, timawatsuka ndi sandpaper, primer ndi tint.
  5. Timasintha mapepala odzipatula ogwedezeka kuti tiyike pakati pa zolimbitsa denga ndikumatira. Njirayi ndiyosavuta kuchita ndi wothandizira. Kupewa mapangidwe dzimbiri pansi zinthu, mosamala yokulungira ndi wodzigudubuza, kutulutsa mpweya thovu.
    Timayimba mkati mwa VAZ "XNUMX": zomwe zingatheke ndi zomwe siziri
    Timayika zinthu zotulutsa kugwedezeka pakati pa ma amplifiers padenga
  6. Timayika zinthu zosanjikiza mawu pamwamba pa kudzipatula kwa vibration, kenako timayika casing m'malo mwake.
    Timayimba mkati mwa VAZ "XNUMX": zomwe zingatheke ndi zomwe siziri
    Timamatira zinthu zotsekereza mawu pamwamba pa kudzipatula kwa vibration

Zitseko zotchinga

Zolinga zazikulu zomwe zimatsatiridwa pamene zitseko zotsekera phokoso pa "XNUMX" ndi magalimoto ena ndi awa:

Musanagwiritse ntchito zinthuzo, zitseko zimakonzedwa, zomwe zogwirira ntchito ndi upholstery zimachotsedwa, pamwamba pake amatsukidwa ndi fanizo ndi denga. Zinthuzo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito motere:

  1. Kupyolera mu mabowo aukadaulo pazitseko, timamaliza ndikumata kudzipatula kwa vibration ("Vibroplast"), ndikuyambitsa zidutswazo ndikuphatikizana pang'ono.
    Timayimba mkati mwa VAZ "XNUMX": zomwe zingatheke ndi zomwe siziri
    Chigawo cha "Vibroplast" kapena chinthu chofananacho chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mkati mwa zitseko
  2. Gawo lachiwiri limagwiritsidwa ntchito "Accent".
    Timayimba mkati mwa VAZ "XNUMX": zomwe zingatheke ndi zomwe siziri
    Chosanjikiza chotchinga mawu chimayikidwa pamwamba pa kudzipatula kwa vibration
  3. Kotero kuti palibe chomwe chikugwedezeka mkati mwa zitseko, timakulunga ndodo zokhoma ndi Madeleine.
  4. Timasindikiza mabowo aukadaulo ndi "Bitoplast" kuti ma acoustics akhale mubokosi lotsekedwa.
  5. M'kati mwa chitseko timayika "Accent" kuti tipititse patsogolo phokoso.
    Timayimba mkati mwa VAZ "XNUMX": zomwe zingatheke ndi zomwe siziri
    "Accent" imagwiritsidwa ntchito kumbali ya salon ya chitseko, yomwe imapangitsa kuti khungu likhale loyenera
  6. Timayika zitseko zonse m'malo mwake.

Kuteteza mawu ku hood ndi chishango cha injini

Eni magalimoto ena ali ndi malingaliro olakwika akuti chipinda cha injinicho chimatetezedwa ndi mawu kuti achepetse phokoso la injini lomwe limatuluka m'chilengedwe. M'malo mwake, njirayi ili ndi zolinga zosiyana pang'ono:

Hood imakonzedwa motere:

  1. Timakonzekera pamwamba mofanana ndi pamene zitseko zotsekera phokoso kapena kudenga.
    Timayimba mkati mwa VAZ "XNUMX": zomwe zingatheke ndi zomwe siziri
    Tisanagwiritse ntchito zoletsa mawu, timatsuka hood ku dothi
  2. Kuchokera pa makatoni, dulani ma templates ogwirizana ndi ma depressions pa hood.
  3. Timadula "Vibroplast" molingana ndi ma templates ndikuyika pa hood.
    Timayimba mkati mwa VAZ "XNUMX": zomwe zingatheke ndi zomwe siziri
    Timagwiritsa ntchito kudzipatula kwa vibration m'mabowo a hood
  4. Pamwamba pa kudzipatula kwa vibration, timayika zotsekemera zomveka mu chidutswa chopitirira.
    Timayimba mkati mwa VAZ "XNUMX": zomwe zingatheke ndi zomwe siziri
    Timaphimba gawo lonse lamkati la hood ndi kutsekereza mawu

Kuti mugwiritse ntchito gawo la motor partition, muyenera kuchita izi:

  1. Timachotsa torpedo.
  2. Timakonzekera pamwamba.
  3. Timaphimba chishango ndi wosanjikiza wa "Mabomba a Bimast". Zomwezo zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito pazitsulo zamagudumu akutsogolo ndi mabowo aukadaulo.
  4. Monga gawo lachiwiri, timagwiritsa ntchito "Accent" ndi makulidwe a 10-15 mm.
  5. Timamatira mbali zam'mbali ndi pamwamba pa gawo la injini ndi 10 mm Bitoplast.
  6. Timaphimba torpedo ndi wosanjikiza wa "Accent".
  7. Kuchokera kumbali ya chipinda cha injini, timagawaniza ndi zinthu zogwedeza, pamwamba pake timayika "Splen".

Video: kuletsa mawu kugawa kwa magalimoto

Thunthu lotsekereza mawu ndi pansi

Ndizomveka komanso zosavuta kuchita kugwedezeka komanso kutsekemera kwamawu a kanyumba pansi ndi thunthu nthawi yomweyo. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kumasula zinthu zonse zosokoneza (mipando, malamba, kapeti, ndi zina zotero) ndikuyeretsa pamwamba pa dothi.

Ma mastics ndi phokoso la pepala ndi zotetezera mawu zingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati zipangizo. Kusankha kumangodalira zofuna zanu ndi mphamvu zanu zachuma. Pansi pa Zhiguli yachikale, tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito Bimast Bomb ngati kudzipatula kwa vibration, ndi Splen pakudzipatula kwa phokoso. Makamaka, chidwi chiyenera kuperekedwa ku magudumu a magudumu ndikuyika zinthuzo m'magulu angapo.

Chivundikiro cha thunthu chimakonzedwa molingana ndi hood.

Kutsekereza phokoso pansi ndi ma wheel arches

Chinthu chofunika kwambiri pa soundproofing VAZ 2104 - processing wa arches pansi ndi magudumu. Ndiwo mabwalo omwe amayambitsa phokoso lambiri mnyumbamo, chifukwa phokoso la matayala, kugunda kwa miyala, kuyimitsidwa, ndi zina zotero kumamveka kudzera mwa iwo. , Dugla MRB 3003. Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamtunda wosambitsidwa kale ndi wowuma ndi burashi kapena sprayer.

Pantchito yakunja, ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito zida zamadzimadzi zotchingira mawu, popeza zida zamapepala sizilimbana ndi chilengedwe. Malo okhawo omwe mungagwiritse ntchito zinthu zomwe zili m'mapepala ndi malo amkati a fender liner, ndiyeno pokhapokha ngati chitetezo chaikidwa. Ndiye "Vibroplast" ntchito ngati wosanjikiza woyamba, ndi "Splen" ntchito pamwamba pake.

Mbali yoyang'ana kutsogolo

Eni ena a "anayi" akumaliza ndikuwongolera dashboard, popeza chinthu chokhazikika chimakhala ndi kuyatsa koyipa kwa zida, bokosi la magolovu ndipo, makamaka, silimakopa chidwi.

Lakutsogolo

Kuti muwonjezere kuwunikira kwa zida kapena kusintha mtundu wa kuwala, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu za LED m'malo mwa mababu.

Kuphatikiza apo, masikelo amakono nthawi zambiri amaikidwa kuti apangitse zowoneka bwino komanso zowoneka bwino. Kuti izi zitheke, gululo liyenera kuchotsedwa m'galimoto ndikuliphatikiza, kupewa kuwonongeka kwa zolozera, kenako kumamatira pamiyeso yatsopano.

Bardachok

Eni ake onse a galimoto yomwe akufunsidwayo amadziwa vuto ndi loko ya bokosi la glove, lomwe limaphulika, limasweka ndikutsegula pamene likugunda mabampu. Kuti muthane ndi izi, mutha kuyika maginito kuchokera ku hard drive ya pakompyuta m'malo mwa loko yokhazikika ndikuwongolera posinthira malire.

Kuwunika

Wina nuance ya gulu lakutsogolo ndikuwunikira kwa bokosi la glove. Pa zitsanzo kenako Vaz 2104, ngakhale kuti amaperekedwa ku fakitale, ndi kuunikira osauka kotero kuti palibe tanthauzo kwa izo. Kuti izi zitheke, ndikofunikira kugula nyali yapadenga ya kukula koyenera (VAZ 2110 glove box illumination) ndi LED.

Kuti muyike gawo latsopano, bokosi la glove lokha limachotsedwa ndipo denga limamangidwa mmenemo, kulumikiza mawaya kumalo osinthira malire ndi waya wokhazikika.

Mipando

Kuyendetsa bwino kumatengera kutonthoza kwa mipando. Ngati galimotoyo ndi yakale, ndiye kuti mipando ya willy-nilly ili mumkhalidwe womvetsa chisoni. Choncho, eni ambiri a Vaz 2104 akuganiza za kukhazikitsa mipando omasuka. Pali njira zambiri, kuyambira "zisanu ndi ziwiri" kupita kuzinthu zakunja (Mercedes W210, Toyota Corolla 1993, SKODA, Fiat, etc.).

Mipando yochokera ku VAZ 2107 idzagwirizana ndi zosintha zochepa. Kuti muwonetse mipando ina iliyonse, choyamba muyenera kuiyesa, ngati idzakwanira mu salon "inayi". Zina zonse zimatsikira pakuyika zinthu zatsopano, kuwotcherera ndikusinthanso zomangira zokhazikika. Ngati pakufunika kusintha mpando wakumbuyo, ndiye kuti ndondomekoyi ikuchitika mofanana.

Vidiyo: mwachitsanzo, kukhazikitsa mipando kuchokera ku galimoto yachilendo pogwiritsa ntchito VAZ 2106

Momwe mungachotsere zoletsa pamutu

Pali Mabaibulo Vaz 2104, mipando amene ali okonzeka ndi headrests. Zitha kuchotsedwa ngati kuli kofunikira, mwachitsanzo, kukonzanso pakawonongeka kapena kuyeretsa. Izi zimachitika mophweka: ingokokerani mutu wamutu, popeza chinthucho chidzatuluka m'mizere yofanana kumbuyo kwa mpando. Kuyika kumachitika motsatira dongosolo.

Malamba apamipando

Pamitundu yoyambirira ya Zhiguli yachitsanzo chachinayi, palibe malamba akumbuyo, ngakhale mabowo okwera amaperekedwa kwa iwo. Koma nthawi zina zimakhala zofunikira kuziyika:

Kuchita kukonzanso koteroko, mudzafunika malamba apamwamba (VAZ 2101), omwe amamangiriridwa m'malo oyenerera: ku mzati kuseri kwa mpando wakumbuyo, pansi pa gudumu ndi kumbuyo kwa mpando wakumbuyo.

Kuunikira mkati VAZ 2104

Kuunikira kwamkati mkati mwa VAZ 2104 kumasiya zambiri, chifukwa usiku m'galimoto ndi nyali pazipilala zam'mbali, zimawonekera pang'ono. Kuti muchite bwino, mutha kukhazikitsa denga lamakono, mwachitsanzo, kuchokera ku Kalina kapena Lanos.

Chofunikira cha kukonzanso kumatengera kuti ndikofunikira kuyika nyali yogulidwa padenga pafupi ndi galasi lakutsogolo. Mphamvu zitha kuperekedwa mwakufuna kwanu, mwachitsanzo, gwirizanitsani pansi ndi galasi loyang'ana kumbuyo, ndikutenga chowonjezera kuchokera pa batani la alamu.

Mkati mpweya ndi kutentha

M'nyumba ya "anayi" mulibe fan yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito m'chilimwe pakuwomba. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, kukhala m’galimoto nthaŵi zina kumakhala kosapiririka. Kuti muwonjezere chitonthozo, mungagwiritse ntchito chipangizo cha Vaz 2107, chomwe chimapereka mpweya wochokera kumayendedwe a mpweya. Kuphatikiza apo, iyenera kukhala ndi mafani awiri, omwe amakupatsani mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito makinawo panthawi yopumula pamipikisano yamagalimoto.

Kuti muyike chinthu choterocho, muyenera kusuntha chipika cha heater chowongolera pang'ono, mwachitsanzo, mu phulusa.

Kuonjezera apo, eni ake ena sakhutira ndi mpweya wopita kumawindo ambali. Chifukwa chake, pofanizira ndi mpweya wapakati, mutha kukhazikitsa mafani m'manjira am'mbali.

Mabatani owongolera mafani ali pamalo abwino. Kuphatikiza apo, mutha kusintha makina otenthetsera a VAZ 2104 mwa kukhazikitsa chowotcha chamba kuchokera ku GXNUMX. Galimoto yamagetsi iyi imadziwika ndi mphamvu zambiri komanso kuthamanga kwambiri. Kuti muyike makinawo, muyenera kusintha pang'ono nyumba yotenthetsera.

Kusintha kulikonse kwamkati kumafunikira ndalama, nthawi ndi mphamvu. Komabe, ndi njira yoyenera, ndizotheka kupanga galimoto kuchokera ku Zhiguli yosadziwika bwino yomwe sizingakhale zosangalatsa kukhalamo, komanso kuyendetsa bwino. Kuonjezera apo, kusintha kulikonse kungapangidwe ndi manja anu, mutatha kuwerenga malangizo a sitepe ndi sitepe.

Kuwonjezera ndemanga